含锰量对铝锰合金金相组织和机械性能的影响
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摘要
Al-Mn合金因其密度低、耐蚀、良好的导电导热性能,被广泛地应用于包装材料、感光材料、装饰材料、焊接材料等以及各种需要加工成形和耐蚀性能比纯铝高的场所。目前喷灌等常用过流部件主要采用两种材料:3003和6063两种,本文是根据新疆多风沙的特殊地理环境,在3003的基础上增加锰的含量,研究此种材料的机械性能,为新疆农田节水灌溉管材的应用提供理论依据。
目前我国对含Mn量WMn = 1.0%-1.6%之间的二元Al-Mn合金和含Mn10%、Mn20%、Mn30%左右的Al-Mn中间合金做了研究,但对含Mn量在3%-5%较高的Al-Mn合金暂无相关研究。本实验采用搅拌铸造法获得1%-5%不同含锰量的Al-Mn合金试样。然后制出金相组织试样,在线切割机床上加工出标准夏氏V型缺口冲击试样,在车床和铣床加工出标准的棒状拉伸试样。采LED-1430VP型扫描电镜(SEM)观察所获材料的金相组织及断口形貌;JB30A型冲击试验机测试试样的冲击韧性;拉伸试验机测试试样的拉伸性能;HR-150布络维硬度计测试布氏硬度HBS,载荷为62.5kg,压头为直径5㎜淬火钢球。对含Mn量在1%-5%之间Al-Mn合金的金相组织、硬度、冲击性能和对含Mn量在1%-3%之间Al-Mn合金的拉伸性能作了详细分析研究,得出材料的机械性能。
用搅拌铸造法成功制备出Al-Mn合金,其实验结果显示:①金相组织:随着含量锰的增加,第二相的形态由细变粗、由长变短、头部由圆变方,而且与基体连接并不紧密,第二相内部有裂纹。②硬度:铸态硬度随着含锰量的增加硬度增加;退火硬度基本不变;人工时效后硬度无明显增加。③冲击性能:随着含锰量的增加,冲击韧性下降。由塑性断裂到脆性断裂,断口有明显的韧窝和河流花样。④拉伸性能:随着锰含量的增加断面收缩率和延伸率下降,抗拉强度先增后减。
Al-Mn alloy is widely used in packaging materials, heat exchange materials, photosensitive materials, decoration materials, welding materials and the processing of forming a variety of needs and higher corrosion resistance than pure Al, because of it’s low density, corrosion resistance, good thermal conductivity property.
At present, our country just studied on Mn between 1.0 % and 1.6% and Al-10Mn alloy, but with higher content of Mn research less, there is no research between 3% and 5% of Al-Mn alloy. In this study, the way of artificial mixing casting of between 1% and 5% were prepared with different content of Mn of the Al-Mn alloy. And then we get the metallurgical microstructure specimens, standard v from machine tools, tensile samples from the lathe and milling machines, metallurgical organization from LED-1430VP (SEM), the impact of the toughness from JB30A type test;HBS hardness from HR-150, the loading of 62.5kg, pressure head’s diameter is 5㎜。
This research studies microstructure, hardness, impact properties with the content of Mn between 1% and 5% of Al-Mn alloy, and tensile properties with the content of Mn between 1% and 3%, the mechanical property of materials is found after studying.
Al-Mn alloy is prepared successfully by stirring casting, the experimental results show that:①metallurgical microstructure: the second phase of the shape changes from thin to thick, from long to short, it’s heads vary from round to square as the increase of the content of Mn, but the second phase is not closely connected with the matrix, and also it has a crack.②hardness: cast hardness increases as the content of Mn increases, the annealed hardness is essentially the same, there is no significant increase after artificial aging.③impact property: the impact toughness decreased with the increase of the content of Mn, fracture with obvious dimples and river pattern from the stress fracture to brittle fracture,④tensile property: shrinkage and elongation decreased With the increase of Mn content, tensile strength increased first, and then decreased
This article was prepared by artificial stirring casting high content of Mn of Al-Mn alloy, mechanical properties can basically meet the requirements.
目前我国对含Mn量WMn = 1.0%-1.6%之间的二元Al-Mn合金和含Mn10%、Mn20%、Mn30%左右的Al-Mn中间合金做了研究,但对含Mn量在3%-5%较高的Al-Mn合金暂无相关研究。本实验采用搅拌铸造法获得1%-5%不同含锰量的Al-Mn合金试样。然后制出金相组织试样,在线切割机床上加工出标准夏氏V型缺口冲击试样,在车床和铣床加工出标准的棒状拉伸试样。采LED-1430VP型扫描电镜(SEM)观察所获材料的金相组织及断口形貌;JB30A型冲击试验机测试试样的冲击韧性;拉伸试验机测试试样的拉伸性能;HR-150布络维硬度计测试布氏硬度HBS,载荷为62.5kg,压头为直径5㎜淬火钢球。对含Mn量在1%-5%之间Al-Mn合金的金相组织、硬度、冲击性能和对含Mn量在1%-3%之间Al-Mn合金的拉伸性能作了详细分析研究,得出材料的机械性能。
用搅拌铸造法成功制备出Al-Mn合金,其实验结果显示:①金相组织:随着含量锰的增加,第二相的形态由细变粗、由长变短、头部由圆变方,而且与基体连接并不紧密,第二相内部有裂纹。②硬度:铸态硬度随着含锰量的增加硬度增加;退火硬度基本不变;人工时效后硬度无明显增加。③冲击性能:随着含锰量的增加,冲击韧性下降。由塑性断裂到脆性断裂,断口有明显的韧窝和河流花样。④拉伸性能:随着锰含量的增加断面收缩率和延伸率下降,抗拉强度先增后减。
Al-Mn alloy is widely used in packaging materials, heat exchange materials, photosensitive materials, decoration materials, welding materials and the processing of forming a variety of needs and higher corrosion resistance than pure Al, because of it’s low density, corrosion resistance, good thermal conductivity property.
At present, our country just studied on Mn between 1.0 % and 1.6% and Al-10Mn alloy, but with higher content of Mn research less, there is no research between 3% and 5% of Al-Mn alloy. In this study, the way of artificial mixing casting of between 1% and 5% were prepared with different content of Mn of the Al-Mn alloy. And then we get the metallurgical microstructure specimens, standard v from machine tools, tensile samples from the lathe and milling machines, metallurgical organization from LED-1430VP (SEM), the impact of the toughness from JB30A type test;HBS hardness from HR-150, the loading of 62.5kg, pressure head’s diameter is 5㎜。
This research studies microstructure, hardness, impact properties with the content of Mn between 1% and 5% of Al-Mn alloy, and tensile properties with the content of Mn between 1% and 3%, the mechanical property of materials is found after studying.
Al-Mn alloy is prepared successfully by stirring casting, the experimental results show that:①metallurgical microstructure: the second phase of the shape changes from thin to thick, from long to short, it’s heads vary from round to square as the increase of the content of Mn, but the second phase is not closely connected with the matrix, and also it has a crack.②hardness: cast hardness increases as the content of Mn increases, the annealed hardness is essentially the same, there is no significant increase after artificial aging.③impact property: the impact toughness decreased with the increase of the content of Mn, fracture with obvious dimples and river pattern from the stress fracture to brittle fracture,④tensile property: shrinkage and elongation decreased With the increase of Mn content, tensile strength increased first, and then decreased
This article was prepared by artificial stirring casting high content of Mn of Al-Mn alloy, mechanical properties can basically meet the requirements.
引文
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[9]谢署英.连续挤压开发3103(3003)铝合金管[J].铝加工. 2002,25(4):21-24.
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[20]毕娟娟,廖恒成,潘冶等.铸造铝合金中氧化夹杂物的研究进展[J].铸造. 2009,58:1224-1227.
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[31]陈振华,严红革,陈刚等. Al-8.7Fe-1.6V-1.3S耐热铝合金的固液混合铸造[J].中国有色金属学报. 2002,12(3): 422-425.
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[33] CHEN Zhen-hua,HE Jian-jun,YAN Hong-ge,et al.New technology for the preparation of fine-grained alu-minum alloy[J]. Metal Casting Technologies. 2005,12(12): 28-33.
[34] Fan Z. Semisolid metal processing[J]. International Materials Reviews. 2002,47(2): 48-59.
[35] K.C . K i m,S . W. Nam . Effect o f Mn - dispersoids on the fatigue mechanism in an Al - Zn– Mgalloy [J]. Materials Science and Engeering. 1998, A224: 257 - 26
[36] D.S. Park , S.W.Nam . Effects of manganese dispersoid on the mechanical properties in Al-Z n - Mg alloys[J]. Journal o f Materials Science. 1995 , 30 ( 5 ) : 1313-1320
[37] Byeong Ook Kong , Soo Woo Nam. Investigation o f growth mechanism and orientation relationship of Mn - dispersoid and Al - Zn - Mg - Mn alloy[J]. Materials Letter. 1996, 28 : 385– 391
[38] Dirras G F.Cyclic shear tests on Aluminium 3004 and 5182 alloy:macroscopic behaviour and substructural development[J]. Materials Science and Engineering,1997,234-236 A :966-969.
[39]周冰锋,闫洪.半固态铝合金重熔组织演变的研究[J].金属铸锻焊技术. 2009,38(21): 5-12
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[51] CHEN Zhen-hua, HE Jian-jun, YAN Hong-ge,eta. New technology for the preparation of fine-grained aluminum alloy [J]. Metal Casting Technologies, 2005, 12(12):28-33.
[2]路贵民,王兆文,李冰.铝合金腐蚀与表面处理[M].沈阳:东北大学出版社.2000,5
[3]尹洪峰等.复合材料及其应用[M].陕西:科学技术出版社,2003,75-80。
[4]王国军.变薄拉深用铝合金材料研究进展[J].机械工程师. 2004,9:5-7.
[5]王凤春,陈世光,于凡.改善电子屏蔽铝合金箔冲压性能的研究[J].轻合金加工技术. 2004,32(9):15-16.
[6]祁艳华,王武举,杨志峰.中等扁度矩形铝合金波导管的研制[J].轻合金加工技术. 2001,29(1):22-24.
[7]焦兴贵.搪瓷制品用3003-4铝合金板材生产工艺研究[J].轻合金加工技术. 2002,30(7): 27-29.
[8]杨璐,牟春. 3003铝合金幕墙板生产控制工艺优化[J].铝加工. 2002,25(5):16-17.
[9]谢署英.连续挤压开发3103(3003)铝合金管[J].铝加工. 2002,25(4):21-24.
[10]罗春辉,甘卫平,肖亚庆.铝质汽车散热器及其材料[J].轻合金加工技术.1996, 24(4):3-10.
[11] H U Walter.Binary Systems with Miscibility Gap in the Liquid State [J]. Materials science in Space. Newyork: Sprinverlag Press, 1986:343-378
[12] Inoue, N Yano.Microstructure and Superconducting Properties of Melt Quenchen Insoluble Al-Pb and Al-Pb-Bi Alloys[J]. Journal of Materials Science. 1987,22:123-128
[13]李广钦,左秀荣,宋天福等.变形Al-Mn系合金的应用现状及发展动态[J].热加工工艺. 2006,35(10):63-67.
[14]王祝堂,王殿楹,王振超.铝合金的新型合金元素添加剂及添加方法[J].工业铝型材技术专集130:135
[15]余逊贤.锰[M].长沙黑色金属冶金矿山设计研究院出版社1980.
[16]马立华.锰铝中间合金的研究[D].重庆:重庆大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[17]齐向前,武建军,李玉昌等.合金元素对3X04铝合金铸锭组织及性能的影响[J].有色金属. 2006,5:53-56,
[18]徐涛,王显明.手机电池壳用3003H14铝合金带材的研制[J].机械工程师. 2007,5:143-145
[19]黄玉凤,党惊知,孙丽文等.钪、锆、硅对铝合金铸件性能的影响[J].特种铸造及有色合金. 120-121
[20]毕娟娟,廖恒成,潘冶等.铸造铝合金中氧化夹杂物的研究进展[J].铸造. 2009,58:1224-1227.
[21] G亨利[法国], D豪斯特曼[联邦德国]合著.宏观断口学及显微断口学[M].北京:机械工业出版社.1990.7
[22] Irwin. G.R. Analysis of stresses and strains near the end of a crack transversing a plate[J]. Jourmal of Applied Mechanics. 1957, 24: 361-364
[23] Wells A.A. Application of fracture mechanics at and beyond general yielding[J]. British Welding Journal.1963, 10:563-570
[24] Dudaleq D.S. Yielding of steel sheets containing slits[J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solid. 1960, 8: 100-108
[25] Rice J.R. A path independent integral and the approximate analysis of strainconcentrations by notches and cracks[J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics. 1965, 35:179-386
[26] BackerudL,Yidong S. Grain refining mechanisms in aluminum asaresult of additions of titanium and bo-ron[J].Aluminum(Part&).1991, 67:780-785.
[27]赵咏秋. GCr15钢冲击断口的分形分析[J].冶钢科技. 1992,2:58-61
[28]周善民,胡小波.拉伸断口表面分形[J].分形测试学报. 1994,13(5):83
[29]李静媛,曾光廷,魏成富.分形维数与冲击断口形貌研究[J].兵器材料科学与工程. 2001,24(2): 23-25
[30]何建军,陈振华,严红革.固液混合铸造Al-10Mn合金坯料的挤压[J].中国有色金属学报. 2006,16(8):1331-1336.
[31]陈振华,严红革,陈刚等. Al-8.7Fe-1.6V-1.3S耐热铝合金的固液混合铸造[J].中国有色金属学报. 2002,12(3): 422-425.
[32]程相飞严红革陈振华等.固液混合铸造制备Al-10Cr合金的研究[J].特种铸造及有色合金. 2005,25(2): 85-87.
[33] CHEN Zhen-hua,HE Jian-jun,YAN Hong-ge,et al.New technology for the preparation of fine-grained alu-minum alloy[J]. Metal Casting Technologies. 2005,12(12): 28-33.
[34] Fan Z. Semisolid metal processing[J]. International Materials Reviews. 2002,47(2): 48-59.
[35] K.C . K i m,S . W. Nam . Effect o f Mn - dispersoids on the fatigue mechanism in an Al - Zn– Mgalloy [J]. Materials Science and Engeering. 1998, A224: 257 - 26
[36] D.S. Park , S.W.Nam . Effects of manganese dispersoid on the mechanical properties in Al-Z n - Mg alloys[J]. Journal o f Materials Science. 1995 , 30 ( 5 ) : 1313-1320
[37] Byeong Ook Kong , Soo Woo Nam. Investigation o f growth mechanism and orientation relationship of Mn - dispersoid and Al - Zn - Mg - Mn alloy[J]. Materials Letter. 1996, 28 : 385– 391
[38] Dirras G F.Cyclic shear tests on Aluminium 3004 and 5182 alloy:macroscopic behaviour and substructural development[J]. Materials Science and Engineering,1997,234-236 A :966-969.
[39]周冰锋,闫洪.半固态铝合金重熔组织演变的研究[J].金属铸锻焊技术. 2009,38(21): 5-12
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