立式储罐壁板漏磁扫描检测方法研究
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摘要
油田储罐由铁磁性材料制成,长年在自然环境和液位变化条件下运行,受到多种不利因素的影响,不可避免地受到各种损伤。如不能及时发现,整改,就会引起火灾,造成环境污染和人身伤亡事故,影响面广,危害性大。所以,必须采取必要措施来延长油罐使用寿命。近年来,随着计算机软硬件技术和无损检测理论的发展,储罐的智能化探伤已经成为可能。
本文以立式储罐罐壁缺陷的漏磁场为研究对象,综合运用理论分析、有限元分析、试验研究的方法进行立式储罐罐壁缺陷的漏磁场检测分析。分析了漏磁检测的基本原理,应用电磁场数值计算中的有限元方法来研究漏磁场,将有限元法应用于立式储罐罐壁缺陷的漏磁场检测三维模型的建立及缺陷漏磁场的仿真,分析各方面因素对缺陷漏磁场产生的影响。
在理论分析和有限元分析的基础上,利用绘图软件对立式储罐罐壁漏磁检测系统进行建模和装配体设计。研制了立式储罐罐壁漏磁检测系统,结果表明,可检测出超过门槛的罐壁缺陷,且结果准确,实现了预期目标。
Oilfield tanks are made from ferromagnetic material, they run under the varying conditions of natural environment and liquid level for a long time, and they are affected by many kinds of unfavorable factors, then inevitably subjected to various injuries. If the injuries can’t be found and improved in time, they will lead to fire, cause environmental pollution and casualty accidents, the influence surface is wide, and the harmfulness is great. So necessary measures must be taken to prolong the tank life. Recently, with the development of computer software and hardware and nondestructive testing theory, intelligent inspection has become possible.
In this paper, leakage magnetic field of tank wall defects in the vertical storage tank is taken as the research object, the method of theoretical analysis, finite element analysis,and experimental study are synthetically used to make the detection and analysis for leakage magnetic field of tank wall defects in the vertical storage tank. The basic principle of magnetic flux leakage testing is analyzed, leakage magnetic field is studied by use of finite element method in the numerical calculation of electromagnetic fields, finite element method is applied to found the three-dimensional model and make a simulation for defect magnetic flux leakage field in the detection on leakage magnetic field of tank wall defects, effect on defect magnetic flux leakage field caused by various factors is analyzed.
On the basis of theoretical analysis and finite element analysis, modeling and assembly design for magnetic flux leakage testing system of tank wall in the vertical storage tank are carried out by using the drawing software. Magnetic flux leakage testing system of tank wall in the vertical storage tank is developed, the results show that tank wall defects which are greater than threshold can be detected, and result is accurate, expected target is realized.
本文以立式储罐罐壁缺陷的漏磁场为研究对象,综合运用理论分析、有限元分析、试验研究的方法进行立式储罐罐壁缺陷的漏磁场检测分析。分析了漏磁检测的基本原理,应用电磁场数值计算中的有限元方法来研究漏磁场,将有限元法应用于立式储罐罐壁缺陷的漏磁场检测三维模型的建立及缺陷漏磁场的仿真,分析各方面因素对缺陷漏磁场产生的影响。
在理论分析和有限元分析的基础上,利用绘图软件对立式储罐罐壁漏磁检测系统进行建模和装配体设计。研制了立式储罐罐壁漏磁检测系统,结果表明,可检测出超过门槛的罐壁缺陷,且结果准确,实现了预期目标。
Oilfield tanks are made from ferromagnetic material, they run under the varying conditions of natural environment and liquid level for a long time, and they are affected by many kinds of unfavorable factors, then inevitably subjected to various injuries. If the injuries can’t be found and improved in time, they will lead to fire, cause environmental pollution and casualty accidents, the influence surface is wide, and the harmfulness is great. So necessary measures must be taken to prolong the tank life. Recently, with the development of computer software and hardware and nondestructive testing theory, intelligent inspection has become possible.
In this paper, leakage magnetic field of tank wall defects in the vertical storage tank is taken as the research object, the method of theoretical analysis, finite element analysis,and experimental study are synthetically used to make the detection and analysis for leakage magnetic field of tank wall defects in the vertical storage tank. The basic principle of magnetic flux leakage testing is analyzed, leakage magnetic field is studied by use of finite element method in the numerical calculation of electromagnetic fields, finite element method is applied to found the three-dimensional model and make a simulation for defect magnetic flux leakage field in the detection on leakage magnetic field of tank wall defects, effect on defect magnetic flux leakage field caused by various factors is analyzed.
On the basis of theoretical analysis and finite element analysis, modeling and assembly design for magnetic flux leakage testing system of tank wall in the vertical storage tank are carried out by using the drawing software. Magnetic flux leakage testing system of tank wall in the vertical storage tank is developed, the results show that tank wall defects which are greater than threshold can be detected, and result is accurate, expected target is realized.
引文
[1]刘贵民.无损检测技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2006.5-8.
[2]康宜华,武新军,杨叔子.铁磁无损检测技术的分类[J].无损检测.1999,21(2) :58-60.
[3]戴光,崔巍,杨志军,高廷岩.基于三维有限元的换热管缺陷漏磁场数值模拟[J].压力容器,2009,26(8):21~26.
[4]戴光,郑慕林,杨志军,马铁伦,孙传轩.组合裂纹漏磁检测有限元分析[J].化工机械,2007,34(6):337~340.
[5]王亚东.钢管漏磁检测技术研究[D].大庆石油学院硕士论文.2004:2-6
[6]范向红,王少华,那晶.我国管道漏磁检测技术及其成就[N].石油科技论坛2007,4:55-57
[7]丁忠平,康宜华.无损检测中的漏磁法原理与实践[J].电测与仪表.1995, 32(6):15-18.
[8]任吉林,林俊明,高春法.电磁检测[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000.146-151.
[9]戴光,崔巍,杨志军.聚磁结构在换热管漏磁检测三维有限元数值模拟中的应用[J].压力容器,2010,27(4):22~26.
[10]徐海军.石油管道腐蚀检测评价技术研究[J].焊管,2008,31(1):47~49.
[11] A. Dhar, D. L. Atherton. Correlation between magnetic flux leakage and magnetic Barkhausen noise in steel pipeline [J]. NDT international, 2002, vol24: 18-23.
[12]蒋奇.储罐缺陷漏磁检测量化技术及其应用研究[D].天津:天津大学,2003.25-27.
[13]任吉林,林俊明,高春法.电磁检测[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000.151-154.
[14]马宏伟,陈富,杜功儒.长输管道研究技术的研究进展[J].西安科技学院机械工程学院,2000,22(2) :38-40.
[15]李黎明.ANSYS有限元分析实用教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.30-35.
[16]陈晓春.有限元在管道漏磁检测技术中的应用研究[D].辽宁:沈阳工业大学,2000.8-9.
[17] Mingye Yang, Statish Udpa, Shreekanth Mandayam et al. Solution of inverse problems in electromagnetic NDT Using Finite Method [J]. IEEE transaction on magnetics, 1998, 34(5): 2924-2927.
[18]杜海燕.铷铁硼材料“磁性”十足[J].业界动态,2005,12(5):28.
[19]兵器工业无损检测人员技术资格鉴定考核委员会.常用钢材磁特性曲线速查手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.25.
[20]张济世.有限元法分析方钢表面裂纹的电磁场[R].北京:清华大学,1999.76.
[21]兵器工业无损检测人员技术资格鉴定考核委员会.常用钢材磁特性曲线速查手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.28.
[22]王庆国,等.漏磁法无损检测中铁磁材料内部磁场分布的研究[J].无损检测,2001,23(1):6-8.
[23]吴先梅,钱梦騄.有限元法在管道漏磁检测中的应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000.147-150.
[24]杨叔子,康宜华等.钢丝绳断丝定量检测原理与技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1995.55-58.
[25]王以真.实用磁路设计[M].天津:天津科学技术出版社,1991.45-46.
[26]蔡元宇.电路及磁路(下册)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.89-94.
[27] Josef Janisch.非接触式旋转编码器综述[J].世界电子元器件,2006,15(4):53-56.
[28] W.Lord and J.H.Hwang.Defect characterization from magnetic leakage fields[J].BritishJournal of NDT.January 1997,19(5):9~10.
[29] J.C.Durury I.Eng.M.Inst.NDT,Silver Wing(UK) Limited A.Marino, Procontrol s.r.l(Italy).A Comparison of the Magnetic Flux Leakage and Ultrasonic Methods in th--e detection and measurement of corrosion pitting in ferrous palte[J]. ROMA 2002,15TH WCNDT.
[30] Mandayam, S.Udpa. Invariance Transformations For magnetic Flux LeakageSignals[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics1996,32(4):1577~1580.
[31] S Begot,E Voisin,P Hiebel et al. D-Optimal experimental design applied to a linear magnetostatic inverse problem [J]. IEEE transaction on magnetics,2002,38(2):1065-1068
[32] Al Crouch,Richard Anglisano & Mohammed Jaarah. Quantitative field evaluation of magnetic- flux - leakage and ultrasonic in - line inspection[J]. Pipe & Pipeli- nes International,1996,41(4) : 23-31.
[33] Tadashi Yamaguchi,Yoshihiro Kawase.Finite Element Analysis of a LinearIntrodction Motor[J].IEEE Transations On Magnetics.Vol.37.No.5 September 2001:3668~3671.
[34]汤士英,李涛.漏磁检测技术在储罐底板检测中的应用[J].化工机械,2008,12(04) 9~11
[35]杨志军.储罐底板磁检测技术研究[D].大庆石油学院工学硕士论文.2002:8~9.
[36]张国光.储罐漏磁检测中漏磁信号与缺陷特征关系的研究[J].检测与仪表,2008,35(2):39~41.
[37]杨理践,马凤铭,高松巍.油气管道缺陷在线检测定量识别技术[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2009,41(9):245~247.
[38]胡春亮.缺陷管道无损检测与数学建模预测比较[J].大连交通大学学报,2009,30(2):109~111.
[39]金以慧.过程控制[M].清华大学出版社,1993:189~202.
[40]李光海,沈功田.压力容器无损检测—漏磁检测技术[J].无损检测,2004,26(12):638~642.
[41]仲维畅.磁偶极子与磁粉探伤—磁粉探伤原理之一[J].无损检测,1990,12(3):66~70.
[2]康宜华,武新军,杨叔子.铁磁无损检测技术的分类[J].无损检测.1999,21(2) :58-60.
[3]戴光,崔巍,杨志军,高廷岩.基于三维有限元的换热管缺陷漏磁场数值模拟[J].压力容器,2009,26(8):21~26.
[4]戴光,郑慕林,杨志军,马铁伦,孙传轩.组合裂纹漏磁检测有限元分析[J].化工机械,2007,34(6):337~340.
[5]王亚东.钢管漏磁检测技术研究[D].大庆石油学院硕士论文.2004:2-6
[6]范向红,王少华,那晶.我国管道漏磁检测技术及其成就[N].石油科技论坛2007,4:55-57
[7]丁忠平,康宜华.无损检测中的漏磁法原理与实践[J].电测与仪表.1995, 32(6):15-18.
[8]任吉林,林俊明,高春法.电磁检测[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000.146-151.
[9]戴光,崔巍,杨志军.聚磁结构在换热管漏磁检测三维有限元数值模拟中的应用[J].压力容器,2010,27(4):22~26.
[10]徐海军.石油管道腐蚀检测评价技术研究[J].焊管,2008,31(1):47~49.
[11] A. Dhar, D. L. Atherton. Correlation between magnetic flux leakage and magnetic Barkhausen noise in steel pipeline [J]. NDT international, 2002, vol24: 18-23.
[12]蒋奇.储罐缺陷漏磁检测量化技术及其应用研究[D].天津:天津大学,2003.25-27.
[13]任吉林,林俊明,高春法.电磁检测[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000.151-154.
[14]马宏伟,陈富,杜功儒.长输管道研究技术的研究进展[J].西安科技学院机械工程学院,2000,22(2) :38-40.
[15]李黎明.ANSYS有限元分析实用教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.30-35.
[16]陈晓春.有限元在管道漏磁检测技术中的应用研究[D].辽宁:沈阳工业大学,2000.8-9.
[17] Mingye Yang, Statish Udpa, Shreekanth Mandayam et al. Solution of inverse problems in electromagnetic NDT Using Finite Method [J]. IEEE transaction on magnetics, 1998, 34(5): 2924-2927.
[18]杜海燕.铷铁硼材料“磁性”十足[J].业界动态,2005,12(5):28.
[19]兵器工业无损检测人员技术资格鉴定考核委员会.常用钢材磁特性曲线速查手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.25.
[20]张济世.有限元法分析方钢表面裂纹的电磁场[R].北京:清华大学,1999.76.
[21]兵器工业无损检测人员技术资格鉴定考核委员会.常用钢材磁特性曲线速查手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.28.
[22]王庆国,等.漏磁法无损检测中铁磁材料内部磁场分布的研究[J].无损检测,2001,23(1):6-8.
[23]吴先梅,钱梦騄.有限元法在管道漏磁检测中的应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000.147-150.
[24]杨叔子,康宜华等.钢丝绳断丝定量检测原理与技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1995.55-58.
[25]王以真.实用磁路设计[M].天津:天津科学技术出版社,1991.45-46.
[26]蔡元宇.电路及磁路(下册)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.89-94.
[27] Josef Janisch.非接触式旋转编码器综述[J].世界电子元器件,2006,15(4):53-56.
[28] W.Lord and J.H.Hwang.Defect characterization from magnetic leakage fields[J].BritishJournal of NDT.January 1997,19(5):9~10.
[29] J.C.Durury I.Eng.M.Inst.NDT,Silver Wing(UK) Limited A.Marino, Procontrol s.r.l(Italy).A Comparison of the Magnetic Flux Leakage and Ultrasonic Methods in th--e detection and measurement of corrosion pitting in ferrous palte[J]. ROMA 2002,15TH WCNDT.
[30] Mandayam, S.Udpa. Invariance Transformations For magnetic Flux LeakageSignals[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics1996,32(4):1577~1580.
[31] S Begot,E Voisin,P Hiebel et al. D-Optimal experimental design applied to a linear magnetostatic inverse problem [J]. IEEE transaction on magnetics,2002,38(2):1065-1068
[32] Al Crouch,Richard Anglisano & Mohammed Jaarah. Quantitative field evaluation of magnetic- flux - leakage and ultrasonic in - line inspection[J]. Pipe & Pipeli- nes International,1996,41(4) : 23-31.
[33] Tadashi Yamaguchi,Yoshihiro Kawase.Finite Element Analysis of a LinearIntrodction Motor[J].IEEE Transations On Magnetics.Vol.37.No.5 September 2001:3668~3671.
[34]汤士英,李涛.漏磁检测技术在储罐底板检测中的应用[J].化工机械,2008,12(04) 9~11
[35]杨志军.储罐底板磁检测技术研究[D].大庆石油学院工学硕士论文.2002:8~9.
[36]张国光.储罐漏磁检测中漏磁信号与缺陷特征关系的研究[J].检测与仪表,2008,35(2):39~41.
[37]杨理践,马凤铭,高松巍.油气管道缺陷在线检测定量识别技术[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2009,41(9):245~247.
[38]胡春亮.缺陷管道无损检测与数学建模预测比较[J].大连交通大学学报,2009,30(2):109~111.
[39]金以慧.过程控制[M].清华大学出版社,1993:189~202.
[40]李光海,沈功田.压力容器无损检测—漏磁检测技术[J].无损检测,2004,26(12):638~642.
[41]仲维畅.磁偶极子与磁粉探伤—磁粉探伤原理之一[J].无损检测,1990,12(3):66~70.