基于应力场的大体积混凝土早期裂缝监控与预测
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摘要
随着国民经济的飞速发展,工业与民用建筑中超长、超厚以及异形的大体积混凝土结构日趋扩大和复杂。与一般的钢筋混凝土相比,大体积混凝土具有边界条件复杂、几何尺寸较大、施工技术和质量要求较高等特点。大体积混凝土在施工过程中,经常发生由于不同应力场作用下所引起的应力而使混凝土产生结构性裂缝。随着混凝土龄期的增长,裂缝有时甚至还会贯通。这些裂缝与干缩裂缝一起,不仅降低了结构物的耐久性,而且严重时还会影响结构的正常使用。准确预测大体积混凝土的应力场是有效控制早期裂缝的保障,因此基于应力场的大体积混凝土早期裂缝监控与预测,是大体积混凝土施工质量控制的一个重要的研究课题。
本文结合中国石油庆阳石化公司300万吨搬迁改造项目中的大体积混凝土工程,阐述了基于应力场的大体积混凝土早期裂缝产生的原因及影响因素;分析了大体积混凝土结构边界条件、几何尺寸以及配筋率对应力场的影响;初步探讨了温度因素以及非温度因素所引起的不同应力场;重点总结出了温度因素所引起应力场的计算方法以及大体积混凝土早期施工质量控制的具体技术措施。
基于热传导基本理论,结合工程实例,介绍了有限元分析的原理及一般的模拟分析过程,运用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS ,对大体积混凝土施工过程进行了仿真模拟,预测其早期应力场的分布情况,从而为大体积混凝土的早期施工质量控制提供理论参考依据,并将所得结果与实测结果对比分析,结果表明ANSYS的仿真分析可以为大体积混凝土早期施工质量控制提供技术参考。
With the rapid development of the national economy, industrial and civil buildings with long, thick and shaped in large concrete structure are increasingly expending and complex. Compared with the normal reinforced concrete, mass concrete complex with boundary conditions, geometric size larger, construction technology and high quality requirements and so on. Mass concrete in the construction process,often occurring due to different stress field caused by the stress of leaving a structural cracks in concrete. With the increase in age of concrete, the cracks will even through sometimes. These cracks and shrinkage cracks together, not only reduces the durability of the structure, but also affect the structure of normal use. It is the protection of mass concrete early crack control that the stress field is accurately predicted. Therefore,it is an important that the stress field based on massive concrete early cracks monitoring and prediction is the quality control of mass concrete construction .
This paper is based on the Qingyang Petrochemical Company of China 3 million tons of oil reconstruction project in the relocation of mass concrete, Describes the causes and the factors of the early cracks based on the stress field; Analysis the impact of mass concrete structures boundary conditions,geometry and reinforcement ratio for the stress field; Discussed preliminary the different stress field caused by the temperature factors and non-temperature factors. The key to summed up the calculation of stress field caused by the temperature factors and the early mass concrete construction quality control of specific technical measures.
Based on the basic theory of heat conduction, with engineering examples , the principle of the finite element analysis and the general principles of simulated analysis are introduced ,using finite element analysis software ANSYS, for mass concrete construction process was simulated, predicting its early stress distribution, so as to provide a theoretical reference for the early construction of mass concrete quality control, and the results compared with experimental results, the simulation results show that the ANSYS analysis for the early quality control of mass concrete construction to provide technical reference.
本文结合中国石油庆阳石化公司300万吨搬迁改造项目中的大体积混凝土工程,阐述了基于应力场的大体积混凝土早期裂缝产生的原因及影响因素;分析了大体积混凝土结构边界条件、几何尺寸以及配筋率对应力场的影响;初步探讨了温度因素以及非温度因素所引起的不同应力场;重点总结出了温度因素所引起应力场的计算方法以及大体积混凝土早期施工质量控制的具体技术措施。
基于热传导基本理论,结合工程实例,介绍了有限元分析的原理及一般的模拟分析过程,运用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS ,对大体积混凝土施工过程进行了仿真模拟,预测其早期应力场的分布情况,从而为大体积混凝土的早期施工质量控制提供理论参考依据,并将所得结果与实测结果对比分析,结果表明ANSYS的仿真分析可以为大体积混凝土早期施工质量控制提供技术参考。
With the rapid development of the national economy, industrial and civil buildings with long, thick and shaped in large concrete structure are increasingly expending and complex. Compared with the normal reinforced concrete, mass concrete complex with boundary conditions, geometric size larger, construction technology and high quality requirements and so on. Mass concrete in the construction process,often occurring due to different stress field caused by the stress of leaving a structural cracks in concrete. With the increase in age of concrete, the cracks will even through sometimes. These cracks and shrinkage cracks together, not only reduces the durability of the structure, but also affect the structure of normal use. It is the protection of mass concrete early crack control that the stress field is accurately predicted. Therefore,it is an important that the stress field based on massive concrete early cracks monitoring and prediction is the quality control of mass concrete construction .
This paper is based on the Qingyang Petrochemical Company of China 3 million tons of oil reconstruction project in the relocation of mass concrete, Describes the causes and the factors of the early cracks based on the stress field; Analysis the impact of mass concrete structures boundary conditions,geometry and reinforcement ratio for the stress field; Discussed preliminary the different stress field caused by the temperature factors and non-temperature factors. The key to summed up the calculation of stress field caused by the temperature factors and the early mass concrete construction quality control of specific technical measures.
Based on the basic theory of heat conduction, with engineering examples , the principle of the finite element analysis and the general principles of simulated analysis are introduced ,using finite element analysis software ANSYS, for mass concrete construction process was simulated, predicting its early stress distribution, so as to provide a theoretical reference for the early construction of mass concrete quality control, and the results compared with experimental results, the simulation results show that the ANSYS analysis for the early quality control of mass concrete construction to provide technical reference.
引文
[1]叶琳昌,沈义.大体积混凝土施工[M].中国建筑工业出版社,1987.
[2] Edward,A,Abdun-Nur,Cracking of Concrete-Who Cares Concrete International July,1983.
[3]王铁梦.工程结构裂缝控制[M].中国建筑工业出版社,1997.
[4] Wilson E.L.The determination of temperatures within mass concrete structures, Structures and Materials Research,1968.
[5] Tatro,Stephen B.and Emest K.Thermal considerations for roller compacted concrete,Journal of the American Concrete Institute,1985,82(3):32-38.
[6] Abifadel Nassim,Johnson Daniel.Evolution of temperature for roller concrete dams,Dam Engineering,1992,3:41-46.
[7]吴胜兴.高层建筑基础底板温度裂缝控制研究[D].河海大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[8] Francis A.Oluokun,Edwin G.Burdette,J.Harold Deatherage.Elastic Modulus, Poisson′s Ratio,and Compressive Strength Relationships at Early-age,ACI Structural Journal,1991,103(1):3-10.
[9] N.J.Gardner.Effect of Temperature on the Early-Age Properties of TypeⅠ,TypeⅢand TypeⅠFly ash Concrete,ACI Material Journal,1990,89(6):68-78.
[10] J.J.Brooks,A.F.Al-kaisi.Early Strength Development of Portland and Slag Cement Concretes Cured at Elevated Temperature,ACI Material Journal,1990,89(10):503-507.
[11] Barry P.Hughes,Calos Videla Cifuentes.Comparison of Early-age Crack Width Formulas for Reinforced Concrete.ACI Structural Journal,1988,76(5):18-166.
[12]美国垦务局,候建功译.混凝土坝的冷却[M],水利电力出版社,1958.
[13]蔡正咏.混凝土性能[M].中国建筑工业出版社,1979.
[14]姜福田.辗压混凝土[M].中国铁道出版社,1991.
[15]中华人民共和国电力工业部.水工混凝土结构设计规范[S],中国电力出版社,1996.
[16]刘宁等.重力坝的随机温度场初探[J].河海大学学报,第28卷,第3期,P7-13.
[17]朱伯芳.大体积混凝土温度应力与温度控制[M].中国电力出版社,1999年.
[18]李志清,张文伟,张健.大体积混凝土底板施工裂缝的控制[J],沈阳建筑工程学院学报,2000年第1期.
[19]王振波等.混凝土基础底板温度场及温度应力分析[J],南京建筑工程学院学报,1999年第4期.
[20]李东,潘育耕,王宇成.大型混凝土基础工程裂缝控制施工中的温度控制指标[J],西北建筑工程学院学报,第二期,1999.
[21]张富德等,碾压混凝土坝非稳定温度场计算预测与工程实测的比较[J],清华大学学报,第1期,1998.
[22]张献辉,大体积混凝土结构的抗裂可靠性[J],西安建筑科技大学学报,第31卷,第3期,1999.
[23]刘宁、吕泰仁,随机有限元及其工程应用[J],力学进展,第25卷,第1期,P114-126,1995.
[24]刘宁,刘光建.混凝土结构的随机温度及随机徐变应力[J],力学进展,第1期,P58-69,1998.
[25]王铁梦,黄善衡.大体积混凝土的瞬态温度场和温度收缩应力的计算机仿真[J],工业建筑,1990.
[26]刘宁等.重力坝的随机温度场初探[J],河海大学学报,第28卷,第3期,P7-13.
[27]王铁梦著.建筑物的裂缝控制[M],上海科学技术出版社,1987年12月.
[28]赵志缙,赵帆.高层建筑基础工程施工[M],中国建筑工业出版社,1993.
[29] GBJ10-89混凝土结构设计规范,中国建筑工业出版社,1996年:P6-10.
[30]李东,潘育耕.混凝土水化热瞬时温度场数值计算过程中的水化热规律及水化速率问题[J],西安建筑科技大学学报,第31卷,第3期1999.
[31]中华人民共和国建设部等.GB50010-2002.混凝土结构设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[32]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部等.GB50496-2009.大体积混凝土施工规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2009.
[33]中华人民共和国建设部等.GB50204-2002.混凝土结构工程施工质量验收规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[34]许文震,大体积混凝土裂缝的实践与控制[J],引进与咨询,2004.6.
[35]韩再川,大体积混凝土设备基础施工温度裂缝的控制[J],山西建筑,4(28),2004.4.
[36]王永福,大体积混凝土垂直施工缝处裂缝开展的控制[J],电力建设,3(23),2004.3.
[37] J.J.Brooks.Accuracy of estimating long-term strains in concrete. Magazine of Concrete Research.128(36).
[38]王华生,赵慧如.《混凝土技术禁忌手册》[M].机械工业出版社.2004年7月.
[39]高居武.大体积混凝土施工技术的应用研究[D].同济大学硕士学位论文.2003年12月.
[40]李围主编.ANSYS土木工程应用实例(第二版)[M].中国水利水电出版社.2007年1月.
[41]唐祥胜.大体积混凝土裂缝控制与防止措施[D].合肥工业大学,2005.
[42] A.M.Neville.Some aspects of the strength of concrete.London:Civil Engineering,1988:1153-1156,1308-1310,1435-1439.
[43] M.F.Kaplan.Crack Propagation and the Fracture of Concrete.Journal of the American Concrete Institute,1961,58(6):591-610.
[44]邓凯.泵送预拌大体积混凝土工程质量控制[D].重庆大学,2005.
[45]童育林.大体积混凝土裂缝控制研究[D].重庆大学,2004.
[46]范奎.大体积混凝土水化温度场仿真计算与实测技术研究[D].浙江大学,2005.
[47]孙蔚.大体积混凝土温度场及温度应力有限元分析[J].工业建筑与设计,2005(10):25-27.
[2] Edward,A,Abdun-Nur,Cracking of Concrete-Who Cares Concrete International July,1983.
[3]王铁梦.工程结构裂缝控制[M].中国建筑工业出版社,1997.
[4] Wilson E.L.The determination of temperatures within mass concrete structures, Structures and Materials Research,1968.
[5] Tatro,Stephen B.and Emest K.Thermal considerations for roller compacted concrete,Journal of the American Concrete Institute,1985,82(3):32-38.
[6] Abifadel Nassim,Johnson Daniel.Evolution of temperature for roller concrete dams,Dam Engineering,1992,3:41-46.
[7]吴胜兴.高层建筑基础底板温度裂缝控制研究[D].河海大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[8] Francis A.Oluokun,Edwin G.Burdette,J.Harold Deatherage.Elastic Modulus, Poisson′s Ratio,and Compressive Strength Relationships at Early-age,ACI Structural Journal,1991,103(1):3-10.
[9] N.J.Gardner.Effect of Temperature on the Early-Age Properties of TypeⅠ,TypeⅢand TypeⅠFly ash Concrete,ACI Material Journal,1990,89(6):68-78.
[10] J.J.Brooks,A.F.Al-kaisi.Early Strength Development of Portland and Slag Cement Concretes Cured at Elevated Temperature,ACI Material Journal,1990,89(10):503-507.
[11] Barry P.Hughes,Calos Videla Cifuentes.Comparison of Early-age Crack Width Formulas for Reinforced Concrete.ACI Structural Journal,1988,76(5):18-166.
[12]美国垦务局,候建功译.混凝土坝的冷却[M],水利电力出版社,1958.
[13]蔡正咏.混凝土性能[M].中国建筑工业出版社,1979.
[14]姜福田.辗压混凝土[M].中国铁道出版社,1991.
[15]中华人民共和国电力工业部.水工混凝土结构设计规范[S],中国电力出版社,1996.
[16]刘宁等.重力坝的随机温度场初探[J].河海大学学报,第28卷,第3期,P7-13.
[17]朱伯芳.大体积混凝土温度应力与温度控制[M].中国电力出版社,1999年.
[18]李志清,张文伟,张健.大体积混凝土底板施工裂缝的控制[J],沈阳建筑工程学院学报,2000年第1期.
[19]王振波等.混凝土基础底板温度场及温度应力分析[J],南京建筑工程学院学报,1999年第4期.
[20]李东,潘育耕,王宇成.大型混凝土基础工程裂缝控制施工中的温度控制指标[J],西北建筑工程学院学报,第二期,1999.
[21]张富德等,碾压混凝土坝非稳定温度场计算预测与工程实测的比较[J],清华大学学报,第1期,1998.
[22]张献辉,大体积混凝土结构的抗裂可靠性[J],西安建筑科技大学学报,第31卷,第3期,1999.
[23]刘宁、吕泰仁,随机有限元及其工程应用[J],力学进展,第25卷,第1期,P114-126,1995.
[24]刘宁,刘光建.混凝土结构的随机温度及随机徐变应力[J],力学进展,第1期,P58-69,1998.
[25]王铁梦,黄善衡.大体积混凝土的瞬态温度场和温度收缩应力的计算机仿真[J],工业建筑,1990.
[26]刘宁等.重力坝的随机温度场初探[J],河海大学学报,第28卷,第3期,P7-13.
[27]王铁梦著.建筑物的裂缝控制[M],上海科学技术出版社,1987年12月.
[28]赵志缙,赵帆.高层建筑基础工程施工[M],中国建筑工业出版社,1993.
[29] GBJ10-89混凝土结构设计规范,中国建筑工业出版社,1996年:P6-10.
[30]李东,潘育耕.混凝土水化热瞬时温度场数值计算过程中的水化热规律及水化速率问题[J],西安建筑科技大学学报,第31卷,第3期1999.
[31]中华人民共和国建设部等.GB50010-2002.混凝土结构设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[32]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部等.GB50496-2009.大体积混凝土施工规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2009.
[33]中华人民共和国建设部等.GB50204-2002.混凝土结构工程施工质量验收规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[34]许文震,大体积混凝土裂缝的实践与控制[J],引进与咨询,2004.6.
[35]韩再川,大体积混凝土设备基础施工温度裂缝的控制[J],山西建筑,4(28),2004.4.
[36]王永福,大体积混凝土垂直施工缝处裂缝开展的控制[J],电力建设,3(23),2004.3.
[37] J.J.Brooks.Accuracy of estimating long-term strains in concrete. Magazine of Concrete Research.128(36).
[38]王华生,赵慧如.《混凝土技术禁忌手册》[M].机械工业出版社.2004年7月.
[39]高居武.大体积混凝土施工技术的应用研究[D].同济大学硕士学位论文.2003年12月.
[40]李围主编.ANSYS土木工程应用实例(第二版)[M].中国水利水电出版社.2007年1月.
[41]唐祥胜.大体积混凝土裂缝控制与防止措施[D].合肥工业大学,2005.
[42] A.M.Neville.Some aspects of the strength of concrete.London:Civil Engineering,1988:1153-1156,1308-1310,1435-1439.
[43] M.F.Kaplan.Crack Propagation and the Fracture of Concrete.Journal of the American Concrete Institute,1961,58(6):591-610.
[44]邓凯.泵送预拌大体积混凝土工程质量控制[D].重庆大学,2005.
[45]童育林.大体积混凝土裂缝控制研究[D].重庆大学,2004.
[46]范奎.大体积混凝土水化温度场仿真计算与实测技术研究[D].浙江大学,2005.
[47]孙蔚.大体积混凝土温度场及温度应力有限元分析[J].工业建筑与设计,2005(10):25-27.