雷达系统标准化建模与仿真关键技术研究
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摘要
雷达体制种类繁多、分类方式复杂，因此在雷达系统仿真中，虽为类似的雷达功能模型，却往往需要编制不同的实现代码，模型可重用性并不强。标准化建模就是分析和提炼不同仿真条件下雷达系统仿真对象的共性功能模块，建立层次化、多粒度对象模型体系，并以此构建通用仿真框架，达到简化仿真复杂性目的。雷达系统仿真所涉及的关键技术包括：仿真对象间通信、分布式仿真控制、仿真对象间数据驱动、对象接口代码自动生成、并行仿真算法或结构等。这些关键技术都是围绕仿真对象间的互连互通、仿真效率、仿真模型规范等核心问题展开的。
本论文以雷达系统为主要研究对象，在深入分析雷达原理的基础上，采用系统仿真手段对雷达系统展开对象建模、仿真框架、模型标准化与互操作、并行仿真技术等方面研究性工作，旨在通过对基于对象模型的雷达系统仿真建模方法的研究，建立一种标准化和通用化的雷达建模仿真框架；通过对雷达对象模型间的互操作研究，建立一种基于消息传递的仿真对象间接通信模型，并建立一种基于数据中心间接传递成员数据的数据驱动模型；通过对分布式结构下雷达系统仿真成员调度控制的研究，提出一种雷达仿真引擎；通过对雷达仿真模型并行结构的研究，在多核处理器共享内存结构下建立一种多数据链路处理模型，在分布式节点计算结构下建立一种多节点并行任务最优分配模型。并行仿真模型的建立可以提高仿真系统效率。论文的主要贡献归纳如下：
1．标准化仿真框架
从系统建模和模型标准化角度，将雷达系统抽象表示成一种层次化多粒度体系框架，包括：应用层、系统层、部件层、组件层、公用算法层、支撑层。框架可以提高雷达系统模型的通用性、易重用性。采用对象模板定义仿真模型，通过模型转换和代码自主生成提高仿真系统效率。对象模型部件采用通用化结构，解决了部件内部构造和外部交互的问题。
2．雷达系统仿真进程间通信服务模型
在分布式结构下提出一种基于消息中心间接通信的雷达仿真进程间通信服务模型，建立消息定义文件模板和进程并发访问控制策略，用以解决仿真成员间的互操作和通信。
3．雷达系统分布式仿真控制算法
提出一种基于消息服务中心（Message Service Center,MSC）和运行监控中心（System Console,SC）两层控制结构的雷达仿真引擎和消息传递算法（MessagePassing Algorithm,MPA），用以解决雷达系统分布式仿真调度控制问题。
4．数据驱动模型及接口代码自动生成
提出一种系统仿真数据接口归一化方法，建立仿真成员数据接口描述规范，分层次定义仿真数据描述信息，用以解决仿真成员数据模型驱动问题。同时，代码自动生成可以提高仿真系统研制效率。
5．并行仿真模型
根据同一调度间隔内的各雷达事件相互独立的特性，提出一种在单机多核处理器计算环境下对雷达系统进行全数字仿真的并行算法，通过建立多条数据帧并行处理逻辑链路的方法，加速提升并行仿真系统的运行效能。
采用效率矩阵描述独立任务集和节点计算能力的匹配关系，提出一种任务‐节点最优分配算法，将多节点处理系统中任务执行总开销最小作为目标约束。采用矩阵划分和构造虚拟方阵的方法转化将非平衡问题转化为平衡分配问题，以满足匈牙利算法的输入条件，并通过多次迭代匈牙利算法，求得确定效率矩阵的任务‐节点最优分配解。
6．初步建立具有模块化、可变参、分布式特点的通用雷达软件仿真系统。
For the different kinds of classifications in radar system, in the course of radarsimulation, it usually has to design different implementation codes even though thereare two similar radar function models. So model reusability is a difficult problem forradar simulation. Standardized modeling is to refine common function modules underdifferent simulation conditions, then build the hierarchical, multi-granularity objectmodel system and finally construct a general simulaton framework to simplifycomplexity. There are several key technologies including objects’ communication,distributed simulation control mechanism, data-driven between members and interfaceautomatic code generation, parallel simulaton algorithm or architecture and etc. Thesekey technologies are the core issues surrounding the interconnection among simulationobjects, the efficiency of simulation and simulation model specification.
In this dissertation, radar system has been analyzed carefully based on theprinciple of radar. By means of system simulation, some issues were discussedincluding radar object modeling, simulation framework, model standardization andinteroperability, parallel simulation and etc. It aims to establish a standardized andgeneralized framework based on object model, bulid up a mediate communicationmodel with message passing interface, build up a data-driven model with data center byresearch on the interoperability issue existed in radar’s simulation objects, propose anew radar simulation engine by research on the controlling issue existed in distributedsimulation, build up a multi-data links model for multi-core memory-shared platformand a parallel task allocation model for multi-node systems by research on parallelstructure. The main contributions of dissertation are summarized as follows:
1. Standard Simulation Framework
From the perspective of system modeling and model standardization, radar systemmodel has been abstracted into a hierarchial architecture includeing application layer,system layer, subsystem layer, component layer, common algorithm layer andsupporting layer. The framework could be used to solve the reuse problem. We usetemplate to define simulation model. Model transformation and code automatic generation could promote simulation efficiency. Object models use a common structureto solve interaction problem between the inner and external component.
2. Inter Process Communication Service Model in Radar Simulation
We propose the inter process communication service model based on messagecenter, establish a message definition template and an access control strategy which isused to solve the interoperability and communication between simulation members.
3. Distributed Simulation Control Mechanism in Radar Simulation
The distributed scheduling control structure and its engine mechanism betweenradar simulation members are studied carefully. Then we propose a message passingalgorithm to achieve the control of simulation members in distributed architecture.
4. Data Driven Model and Interface Code Automatic Generation
We propose a normalized standard data interface with descriptive rules to definesimulation members’ information in diffirent levels. This method could solvedata-driven problem and object codes' self-generating could promote efficiency.
5. Parallel Simulation Model
According to the independent characteristic existed in radar tasks of the samescheduling interval, we propose a multi-data links model based on multi-corememory-shared platform for radar system simulation. This parallel model couldimprove radar simulation system's running efficiency greatly.
In multi-node system, we propose a parallel task allocation algorithm. Thistask-node assignable optimization algorithm takes the least task executed spending as itsobjective constraint. The optimal solution can be obtained by task grouping. In order tosatisfy the input condition of Hungary algorithm, it adopts matrix partition and virtualphalanx construction to convert input matrix from unbalanced to balanced problem. Thematch result which can be obtained by iterative calling Hungary algorithm is optimal forthe given determinate efficiency matrix.
6. Using key technologies above, we build up radar simulation softwares withcharacteristics including modular, variable parameter and distributed arichitecture.
本论文以雷达系统为主要研究对象，在深入分析雷达原理的基础上，采用系统仿真手段对雷达系统展开对象建模、仿真框架、模型标准化与互操作、并行仿真技术等方面研究性工作，旨在通过对基于对象模型的雷达系统仿真建模方法的研究，建立一种标准化和通用化的雷达建模仿真框架；通过对雷达对象模型间的互操作研究，建立一种基于消息传递的仿真对象间接通信模型，并建立一种基于数据中心间接传递成员数据的数据驱动模型；通过对分布式结构下雷达系统仿真成员调度控制的研究，提出一种雷达仿真引擎；通过对雷达仿真模型并行结构的研究，在多核处理器共享内存结构下建立一种多数据链路处理模型，在分布式节点计算结构下建立一种多节点并行任务最优分配模型。并行仿真模型的建立可以提高仿真系统效率。论文的主要贡献归纳如下：
1．标准化仿真框架
从系统建模和模型标准化角度，将雷达系统抽象表示成一种层次化多粒度体系框架，包括：应用层、系统层、部件层、组件层、公用算法层、支撑层。框架可以提高雷达系统模型的通用性、易重用性。采用对象模板定义仿真模型，通过模型转换和代码自主生成提高仿真系统效率。对象模型部件采用通用化结构，解决了部件内部构造和外部交互的问题。
2．雷达系统仿真进程间通信服务模型
在分布式结构下提出一种基于消息中心间接通信的雷达仿真进程间通信服务模型，建立消息定义文件模板和进程并发访问控制策略，用以解决仿真成员间的互操作和通信。
3．雷达系统分布式仿真控制算法
提出一种基于消息服务中心（Message Service Center,MSC）和运行监控中心（System Console,SC）两层控制结构的雷达仿真引擎和消息传递算法（MessagePassing Algorithm,MPA），用以解决雷达系统分布式仿真调度控制问题。
4．数据驱动模型及接口代码自动生成
提出一种系统仿真数据接口归一化方法，建立仿真成员数据接口描述规范，分层次定义仿真数据描述信息，用以解决仿真成员数据模型驱动问题。同时，代码自动生成可以提高仿真系统研制效率。
5．并行仿真模型
根据同一调度间隔内的各雷达事件相互独立的特性，提出一种在单机多核处理器计算环境下对雷达系统进行全数字仿真的并行算法，通过建立多条数据帧并行处理逻辑链路的方法，加速提升并行仿真系统的运行效能。
采用效率矩阵描述独立任务集和节点计算能力的匹配关系，提出一种任务‐节点最优分配算法，将多节点处理系统中任务执行总开销最小作为目标约束。采用矩阵划分和构造虚拟方阵的方法转化将非平衡问题转化为平衡分配问题，以满足匈牙利算法的输入条件，并通过多次迭代匈牙利算法，求得确定效率矩阵的任务‐节点最优分配解。
6．初步建立具有模块化、可变参、分布式特点的通用雷达软件仿真系统。
For the different kinds of classifications in radar system, in the course of radarsimulation, it usually has to design different implementation codes even though thereare two similar radar function models. So model reusability is a difficult problem forradar simulation. Standardized modeling is to refine common function modules underdifferent simulation conditions, then build the hierarchical, multi-granularity objectmodel system and finally construct a general simulaton framework to simplifycomplexity. There are several key technologies including objects’ communication,distributed simulation control mechanism, data-driven between members and interfaceautomatic code generation, parallel simulaton algorithm or architecture and etc. Thesekey technologies are the core issues surrounding the interconnection among simulationobjects, the efficiency of simulation and simulation model specification.
In this dissertation, radar system has been analyzed carefully based on theprinciple of radar. By means of system simulation, some issues were discussedincluding radar object modeling, simulation framework, model standardization andinteroperability, parallel simulation and etc. It aims to establish a standardized andgeneralized framework based on object model, bulid up a mediate communicationmodel with message passing interface, build up a data-driven model with data center byresearch on the interoperability issue existed in radar’s simulation objects, propose anew radar simulation engine by research on the controlling issue existed in distributedsimulation, build up a multi-data links model for multi-core memory-shared platformand a parallel task allocation model for multi-node systems by research on parallelstructure. The main contributions of dissertation are summarized as follows:
1. Standard Simulation Framework
From the perspective of system modeling and model standardization, radar systemmodel has been abstracted into a hierarchial architecture includeing application layer,system layer, subsystem layer, component layer, common algorithm layer andsupporting layer. The framework could be used to solve the reuse problem. We usetemplate to define simulation model. Model transformation and code automatic generation could promote simulation efficiency. Object models use a common structureto solve interaction problem between the inner and external component.
2. Inter Process Communication Service Model in Radar Simulation
We propose the inter process communication service model based on messagecenter, establish a message definition template and an access control strategy which isused to solve the interoperability and communication between simulation members.
3. Distributed Simulation Control Mechanism in Radar Simulation
The distributed scheduling control structure and its engine mechanism betweenradar simulation members are studied carefully. Then we propose a message passingalgorithm to achieve the control of simulation members in distributed architecture.
4. Data Driven Model and Interface Code Automatic Generation
We propose a normalized standard data interface with descriptive rules to definesimulation members’ information in diffirent levels. This method could solvedata-driven problem and object codes' self-generating could promote efficiency.
5. Parallel Simulation Model
According to the independent characteristic existed in radar tasks of the samescheduling interval, we propose a multi-data links model based on multi-corememory-shared platform for radar system simulation. This parallel model couldimprove radar simulation system's running efficiency greatly.
In multi-node system, we propose a parallel task allocation algorithm. Thistask-node assignable optimization algorithm takes the least task executed spending as itsobjective constraint. The optimal solution can be obtained by task grouping. In order tosatisfy the input condition of Hungary algorithm, it adopts matrix partition and virtualphalanx construction to convert input matrix from unbalanced to balanced problem. Thematch result which can be obtained by iterative calling Hungary algorithm is optimal forthe given determinate efficiency matrix.
6. Using key technologies above, we build up radar simulation softwares withcharacteristics including modular, variable parameter and distributed arichitecture.
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