家具用材马尾松溶剂汽相法脱脂技术研究
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摘要
松木是我国人工林速生材之一,因其松脂含量高,致使松木家具难着色、涂饰和胶接等。本试验旨在对人工林速生材马尾松进行脱脂处理,使其各种性能达到家具用材的要求,充分提高其利用价值,为家具用材开辟新的途径。
本课题在前人研究的基础上对松木脱脂技术做了新的探索,建立了一种新的脱脂工艺,得出以下结果：
1.为了检验传统脱脂理论中关于松脂与水共沸说法的正确性,进行实测。实验结果表明,松脂与水不能产生共沸,为探索新的脱脂途径,有必要找出与松脂共沸的溶剂。
2.考虑到乙醇与水的共溶性、与松脂的共溶性,有可能形成共沸的结果。本研究进行了三种物质的共沸试验,试验结果表明,当三者以不同比例混合加热时,其共沸点不同,例如当乙醇与松节油、水以3：1：1的比例混合加热时,共沸点为88℃。
3.考虑到乙醇的低毒性、价廉和易回收等特点,尝试采用乙醇作为汽相法松木脱脂首选的溶剂,进行了溶剂汽相法松木脱脂探索性试验,试验希望达到的目的为：利用乙醇的低沸点与木材中松脂的互溶性形成较低的共沸点使乙醇向木材深层渗透；在较低温度下产生的压力以及工艺过程中容器空间形成的低压构成的压差将松脂挤出从而达到脱脂的目的。
4.探索试验一、二、三表明,加热时间、溶剂浓度、木材含水率对脱脂效果均产生显著影响。其影响趋势分别为：加热时间长,脱脂率高；溶剂浓度、木材含水率高,脱脂率增加,但木材色泽加深。
5.溶剂汽相法松木脱脂正交实验结果表明,影响松木脱脂效果主次因素为：松木含水率>乙醇浓度>加热时间。本实验最优方案：松木含水率为120%,乙醇浓度为70%,加热时间为6h。优化实验结果表明松木脱脂率约88%,脱油率约92%,渗透深度可以达到5cm以上。
6.材性检测结果表明,经最优方案脱脂后的松木尺寸稳定性、力学性能、油漆性能、胶合性能都达到了家具用材的标准。本工艺表明能获得较好的脱脂效果,在一定程度上突破了传统脱脂方法的樊篱。本工艺所使用的乙醇溶剂可循环使用,脱出的松脂易于分离利用,由此开发出较易于工业化生产的低能耗、低成本、环保的脱脂新工艺。
Pine is a kind of wood which grows fast. However, there is too much Pine oleoresin in Pine wood. So the Pine wood is difficult to be colored, decorated and staled. The experiment is made for degreasing of Masson Pine lumber. So that the Pine can be used for furniture material, its value can be improved. Also it can open a new way for furniture material.
The paper has some new ideals based on the experience of some scholars. It builds a new craft and gets some results:
1. In order to examine the traditional theory whether water and resin have a boiling point. We made experiment, and the results show that that is impossible. It is necessary to find a kind of solvent that has a boiling point with resin for exploding new ways to degrease.
2. Considering that the ethanol and water can be insoluble, ethanol and resin can be insoluble. It is possible to have a boiling point for the three kind of matter. So I made an experiment to test the boiling point. The experiment indicates the boiling point is different when the rate of the three is different. When the rate is 3:1:1, the boiling point is 88℃.
3. Considering that the ethanol is low toxicity, low cost and easy recovery. I try to take the ethanol as the first solvent to degrease, and make the attempt experiment.The purpose of the deracination of Masson Pine lumber with Solvent distillation method is:take the usage of the low boiling point and the insolubility of the ethanol, and it can penetrate deeply. Under the pressure of solvent boiled at a lower temperature and the low pressure of the containers, the vessel space forms the resin to squeeze out so that it achieves the degreasing the goal.
4. The attempt experimentⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅳindicates that the heating time, the solvent density, the lumber moisture content have remarkable influence to the degreasing effect. Its influence tendency respectively is:Heating too long, the degreasing rate is higher; the solvent density and the lumber moisture content is higher, degreasing rate increases, but the color of the wood is deepened.
5. Comparing the effect of the factor affecting the pine lumber degreasing, and the result of orthogonal experiment of the deracination of Masson Pine lumber with Solvent distillation method is:the pine lumber moisture content>the solvent density>the heating time. The superior plan is:The pine lumber moisture content is120%, the solvent density is 70%, heating time is 6h. And the results of the superior plan is the degreasing rate approximately 88%, escapes the oil rate approximately 92%, the degreasing depth is 5.7cm.
6. The material examination result indicates that the size stability, mechanics performance, the paint performance, the stalemate performance of the degreased Pine lumber buy the superior plan all are meeting the furniture timber standard. This craft indicates that it can achieve the better degreasing effect, and break through the traditional degreasing method fence in the certain degree. The ethanol solvent may be used circulate; it is easy to separate the resin from the ethanol and make its usage. This develops an easier industrialization production craft which is low energy consumption, low cost and meeting environmental protection.
本课题在前人研究的基础上对松木脱脂技术做了新的探索,建立了一种新的脱脂工艺,得出以下结果：
1.为了检验传统脱脂理论中关于松脂与水共沸说法的正确性,进行实测。实验结果表明,松脂与水不能产生共沸,为探索新的脱脂途径,有必要找出与松脂共沸的溶剂。
2.考虑到乙醇与水的共溶性、与松脂的共溶性,有可能形成共沸的结果。本研究进行了三种物质的共沸试验,试验结果表明,当三者以不同比例混合加热时,其共沸点不同,例如当乙醇与松节油、水以3：1：1的比例混合加热时,共沸点为88℃。
3.考虑到乙醇的低毒性、价廉和易回收等特点,尝试采用乙醇作为汽相法松木脱脂首选的溶剂,进行了溶剂汽相法松木脱脂探索性试验,试验希望达到的目的为：利用乙醇的低沸点与木材中松脂的互溶性形成较低的共沸点使乙醇向木材深层渗透；在较低温度下产生的压力以及工艺过程中容器空间形成的低压构成的压差将松脂挤出从而达到脱脂的目的。
4.探索试验一、二、三表明,加热时间、溶剂浓度、木材含水率对脱脂效果均产生显著影响。其影响趋势分别为：加热时间长,脱脂率高；溶剂浓度、木材含水率高,脱脂率增加,但木材色泽加深。
5.溶剂汽相法松木脱脂正交实验结果表明,影响松木脱脂效果主次因素为：松木含水率>乙醇浓度>加热时间。本实验最优方案：松木含水率为120%,乙醇浓度为70%,加热时间为6h。优化实验结果表明松木脱脂率约88%,脱油率约92%,渗透深度可以达到5cm以上。
6.材性检测结果表明,经最优方案脱脂后的松木尺寸稳定性、力学性能、油漆性能、胶合性能都达到了家具用材的标准。本工艺表明能获得较好的脱脂效果,在一定程度上突破了传统脱脂方法的樊篱。本工艺所使用的乙醇溶剂可循环使用,脱出的松脂易于分离利用,由此开发出较易于工业化生产的低能耗、低成本、环保的脱脂新工艺。
Pine is a kind of wood which grows fast. However, there is too much Pine oleoresin in Pine wood. So the Pine wood is difficult to be colored, decorated and staled. The experiment is made for degreasing of Masson Pine lumber. So that the Pine can be used for furniture material, its value can be improved. Also it can open a new way for furniture material.
The paper has some new ideals based on the experience of some scholars. It builds a new craft and gets some results:
1. In order to examine the traditional theory whether water and resin have a boiling point. We made experiment, and the results show that that is impossible. It is necessary to find a kind of solvent that has a boiling point with resin for exploding new ways to degrease.
2. Considering that the ethanol and water can be insoluble, ethanol and resin can be insoluble. It is possible to have a boiling point for the three kind of matter. So I made an experiment to test the boiling point. The experiment indicates the boiling point is different when the rate of the three is different. When the rate is 3:1:1, the boiling point is 88℃.
3. Considering that the ethanol is low toxicity, low cost and easy recovery. I try to take the ethanol as the first solvent to degrease, and make the attempt experiment.The purpose of the deracination of Masson Pine lumber with Solvent distillation method is:take the usage of the low boiling point and the insolubility of the ethanol, and it can penetrate deeply. Under the pressure of solvent boiled at a lower temperature and the low pressure of the containers, the vessel space forms the resin to squeeze out so that it achieves the degreasing the goal.
4. The attempt experimentⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅳindicates that the heating time, the solvent density, the lumber moisture content have remarkable influence to the degreasing effect. Its influence tendency respectively is:Heating too long, the degreasing rate is higher; the solvent density and the lumber moisture content is higher, degreasing rate increases, but the color of the wood is deepened.
5. Comparing the effect of the factor affecting the pine lumber degreasing, and the result of orthogonal experiment of the deracination of Masson Pine lumber with Solvent distillation method is:the pine lumber moisture content>the solvent density>the heating time. The superior plan is:The pine lumber moisture content is120%, the solvent density is 70%, heating time is 6h. And the results of the superior plan is the degreasing rate approximately 88%, escapes the oil rate approximately 92%, the degreasing depth is 5.7cm.
6. The material examination result indicates that the size stability, mechanics performance, the paint performance, the stalemate performance of the degreased Pine lumber buy the superior plan all are meeting the furniture timber standard. This craft indicates that it can achieve the better degreasing effect, and break through the traditional degreasing method fence in the certain degree. The ethanol solvent may be used circulate; it is easy to separate the resin from the ethanol and make its usage. This develops an easier industrialization production craft which is low energy consumption, low cost and meeting environmental protection.
引文
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[3]柳献忠.松木家具硝基漆涂饰工艺分析[J].木材加工机械,2004,2：19
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[5]丁可力.浅议利用改性技术处理马尾松用材之工艺[J].福建林业科技,2004,1(31)：109
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