利用支护桩抗浮的设计及应用
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摘要
随着地下结构物的广泛开发和利用,由抗浮不足而发生的事故屡见不鲜,选择合理经济的抗浮设计就显得非常有必要。抗浮设计总的可归纳为两类:一类是抵抗型,如采用抗拔桩,增加结构自重和压重;一类是疏导消除型,即降排截水等措施。在归纳总结了工程中常用的抗浮方法基础上,提出了利用支护桩抗浮的新技术,针对利用支护桩抗浮的新技术,主要做了如下工作:
(1)综合分析了规范和总结了前人的成果得出:利用支护桩抗浮时地下结构水浮力计算按工程实际情况以及地下结构埋放位置与含水层关系两者综合考虑来对抗浮设计水位进行取值并判断水浮力折减与否;结构抗浮力计算时不考虑侧壁与土的摩擦作用、底板与土体的粘结作用;保证结构整体稳定性的同时,薄弱环节应进行局部抗浮验算。
(2)归纳了利用支护桩抗浮的特点,构造了利用支护桩抗浮的三种可行的结构模型方案。并从结构内力分析、裂缝验算、变形验算、施工难易度四个方面分析比较三种结构模型方案并做出了选择。
(3)以所选方案为模型,对其进行结构设计和效率分析,通过计算为相邻两连接构件间桩数由裂缝验算控制提供了依据,推导了利用支护桩抗浮比传统抗浮方法更经济的地下结构长、宽限制条件。结合荆州市北京路下人防工程抗浮不足而利用支护桩抗浮的实例,进一步证明了利用支护桩抗浮技术的可行性。
(4)对利用支护桩抗浮技术有待解决的问题进行了概述,对利用支护桩抗浮的发展前景进行了展望。
With the fact that underground structures broadly developed and made use of in projects, It is not uncommon to know accidents by the lack of anti-floating, so it is very necessary and important to select reasonable and economic anti-floating designs when it is needed. The designs of anti-floating of underground structures mainly contain two types:one type is basic on resistance; The other is cutting and reducing. Basis on summarizing commonly used anti-floating methods in projects, a new method called retaining piles working as an anti-floating method is proposed. Focused on the method, a few tasks and several conclusions are made as followings:
1.Some conclusions are found from comprehensively analysis and summarizing the norms and achievements of predecessors:when retaining piles working as an anti-floating method is applied in projects, the buoyance calculation of underground structure and the values cut or not are defined according to the synthesis consideration of actual situations of the project and the relationship between the location of the underground structure and the water-bearing stratum. The anti-floating buoyance calculation of underground structure takes the rubbing effects between soil and the sides of wall of the underground structure and the cohesive actions between soil and the basal plate not into account.
2. Summarizing the characteristics of retaining piles working as an anti-floating method, there kinds of feasible structure models of retaining piles working as an anti-floating method are proposed.After comparing these there models from four aspects,they are: structure and internal force analysis,crack checking, calculation of deformation and the difficults degree of construction,the relative better model is chosed. Applying the retaining piles is more economical than the traditional method of anti-floating, deduce the underground structure length, width restriction condition.
3. Regarding the selected model as the subject, design its structure and make efficiency analysis.Through calculations of the connected component,it is found that the number of piles between two connected components is controled by the crack checking. Combining Jingzhou under Beijing road and insufficient anti-uplift defent engineering examples, the retaining piles of resisting the retaining piles by further proved the feasibility of settling technology.
4. The problems of applying the retaining piles working as anti-floating method should be solved are summarized, and the development of new technology is prospected.
(1)综合分析了规范和总结了前人的成果得出:利用支护桩抗浮时地下结构水浮力计算按工程实际情况以及地下结构埋放位置与含水层关系两者综合考虑来对抗浮设计水位进行取值并判断水浮力折减与否;结构抗浮力计算时不考虑侧壁与土的摩擦作用、底板与土体的粘结作用;保证结构整体稳定性的同时,薄弱环节应进行局部抗浮验算。
(2)归纳了利用支护桩抗浮的特点,构造了利用支护桩抗浮的三种可行的结构模型方案。并从结构内力分析、裂缝验算、变形验算、施工难易度四个方面分析比较三种结构模型方案并做出了选择。
(3)以所选方案为模型,对其进行结构设计和效率分析,通过计算为相邻两连接构件间桩数由裂缝验算控制提供了依据,推导了利用支护桩抗浮比传统抗浮方法更经济的地下结构长、宽限制条件。结合荆州市北京路下人防工程抗浮不足而利用支护桩抗浮的实例,进一步证明了利用支护桩抗浮技术的可行性。
(4)对利用支护桩抗浮技术有待解决的问题进行了概述,对利用支护桩抗浮的发展前景进行了展望。
With the fact that underground structures broadly developed and made use of in projects, It is not uncommon to know accidents by the lack of anti-floating, so it is very necessary and important to select reasonable and economic anti-floating designs when it is needed. The designs of anti-floating of underground structures mainly contain two types:one type is basic on resistance; The other is cutting and reducing. Basis on summarizing commonly used anti-floating methods in projects, a new method called retaining piles working as an anti-floating method is proposed. Focused on the method, a few tasks and several conclusions are made as followings:
1.Some conclusions are found from comprehensively analysis and summarizing the norms and achievements of predecessors:when retaining piles working as an anti-floating method is applied in projects, the buoyance calculation of underground structure and the values cut or not are defined according to the synthesis consideration of actual situations of the project and the relationship between the location of the underground structure and the water-bearing stratum. The anti-floating buoyance calculation of underground structure takes the rubbing effects between soil and the sides of wall of the underground structure and the cohesive actions between soil and the basal plate not into account.
2. Summarizing the characteristics of retaining piles working as an anti-floating method, there kinds of feasible structure models of retaining piles working as an anti-floating method are proposed.After comparing these there models from four aspects,they are: structure and internal force analysis,crack checking, calculation of deformation and the difficults degree of construction,the relative better model is chosed. Applying the retaining piles is more economical than the traditional method of anti-floating, deduce the underground structure length, width restriction condition.
3. Regarding the selected model as the subject, design its structure and make efficiency analysis.Through calculations of the connected component,it is found that the number of piles between two connected components is controled by the crack checking. Combining Jingzhou under Beijing road and insufficient anti-uplift defent engineering examples, the retaining piles of resisting the retaining piles by further proved the feasibility of settling technology.
4. The problems of applying the retaining piles working as anti-floating method should be solved are summarized, and the development of new technology is prospected.
引文
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[2]方璇.阳光花园地下室上浮事故处理[J].工程质量,2003(6):43-45.
[3]陈政治,马哲胜,詹红中,汤先明.地下建筑抗浮失效案例分析及处理[J].资源坏境与工程,2009,(1):49-52.
[4]陈科荣.厦门世贸中心地下室上浮原因与抗浮锚杆基础加固措施[J].工程质量,2003,(5):51-53.
[5]谢敏,石小平,叶世建等.某商场地下室工程上浮开裂事故处理方法论证[J].基建优化,2001,33(3):43-47.
[6]湖北省地方标准.建筑地基基础计算规范[S](DB42/242-2003).湖北,2003.
[7]汤荣广,韩春斌.关于局部抗浮设计的分析[J].江苏建筑,2009(3):26-27.
[8]毕雅明.水池设计抗浮方案的分析与比较[J].结构工程师,2008,24(1):11-13.
[9]谢德平.地下工程的抗浮优化设计[J].科技资讯,2009,46.
[10]万东东.地下室上浮分析与处理措施[J].工程技术,2008,190.
[11]胡兴.独立式地下车库抗浮设计与抗浮[J].广东土木与建筑,2005(8):13-14.
[12]华昆.地下建筑结构抗浮桩的应用及施工技术[J].浙江建筑筑,2009,26(5):35-37.
[13]黄琪祺,周建.抗浮锚杆在工程设计中的应用[J].土工与基础,2008,22(3):1-3.
[14]刘高佺,万琳辉,万桂芳.地下结构上浮及抗拔桩设计[J].山西建筑,2008,34(16):99-100.
[15]杜明.裙房及地下车库的抗浮问题探讨[J].煤炭工程,2008(8):21-22.
[16] Robert D.Holtz and William D.Kovacs.An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering,New Jersey,Printice-Hall,Inc.,Englewood Cliffs,1981.
[17]黄志仑,马金普,李从蔚.关于多层地下水情况下的抗浮水位[J].岩土工程技术,2005,19(4):182-217.
[18]张维秀,姜宏波,佟冬,冷风英,权责东.地下水位与结构抗浮计算存在的问题[J].石油化工设计,2008,25(2):12-14.
[19]肖林俊,杨治英.地下结构抗浮水位和浮力计算[J].河北理工大学学报,2009(4):108-114.
[20]裴豪杰.地下结构抗浮设计的探讨[J].福建建筑,2004,85(1):59-60.
[21]张欣海.深圳地区地下建筑抗浮设计水位取值与浮力折减分析[J].勘察科学技术,2004(2),12-15.
[22]崔岩,崔京浩,吴世红.浅埋地下结构外水压折减系数试验研究[J].岩土力学与工程学报,2000,19(1):81-84.
[23]崔岩,崔京浩,吴世红,张寅.地下结构浮力模型验算研究[J].特种结构,1999(1):32-35.
[24]李广信,吴剑敏.关于地下结构浮力计算的若干问题[J].土工基础,2003(3):39-41.
[25]林本海.地下结构物抗浮设计问题的探讨[J].广州建筑,2005(2),1-4.
[26]中华人名共和国国家标准.高程建筑岩土工程勘察规程[S](JGJ72-2004).北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004.
[27]中华人民共和国国家标准.建筑地基基础设计规范[S](GB 5007-2002).北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003.
[28]中华人民共和国规范.地铁设计规范[S](GB 50157-2003).北京:中国计划出版社,2003.
[29]中华人民共和国国家标准.给水排水工程构筑物结构设计规范[S](GB 50069-2002).北京:中国建筑工业出版社.
[30]中华人民共和国国家标准.岩土工程勘察规范[S](GB 50021-2001).北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003.
[31]张第轩.地下结构抗浮模型试验研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2007.
[32]赵明华,王贻荪.土力学与基础工程[M].武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,2002.
[33]中华人民共和国国家标准.建筑结构荷载规范[S](GB 5009-2001).北京:中国建筑工业出版社.
[34]周竞欧,朱伯钦,许哲明主编.结构力学[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2002.
[35]吴培明主编.混凝土结构[M].武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,2003.
[36] ACI Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete. (ACI318-83),1983.
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