煤矿硬质聚氨酯泡沫封孔安全性能实验研究
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摘要
我国煤矿的安全生产形势日益严峻,瓦斯爆炸、瓦斯突出事故的死亡人数所占比例最高。瓦斯抽放、煤层注水和瓦斯压力测定是预防预测瓦斯事故的重要措施,然而封孔材料常常无法满足实际工艺的要求,使封孔质量较差,为安全生产埋下了隐患。本文基于此背景,提出对煤矿井下用硬质聚氨酯泡沫封孔的安全性能进行研究。
运用正交实验设计法制定聚氨酯硬泡的配比实验方案,共进行27次配比实验。通过对试样的测试指标值进行方差和极差分析,得到催化剂对发泡时间的影响最显著,并呈反比例的影响;发泡剂对发泡倍数影响最显著,并呈正比例的影响。根据试样的比较和实验数据的分析,得到发泡速度可控、发泡倍数达到31倍、具有表面致密和硬度大的聚氨酯硬泡材料。
基于国内外研究聚氨酯硬泡性能的文献调研,借鉴了很多研究材料性能的方法和思路,对聚氨酯硬泡的基础性能进行了测试和数据分析,得到了影响性能的因素,并得出影响因素与性能之间的关系。
基于粘结理论的研究,提出引入固体表面能来研究聚氨酯硬泡粘结性能的思路,并设计实验方案。通过对固体表面能的测算以及与硬泡粘结力的测试数据进行分析和数学拟合,得到粘结强度与表面能的关系式。从5个高瓦斯突出矿井选取实际开采煤样,进行实验验证,其理论结果与测量值误差为14.8%左右,可见,所得关系式较可靠。
聚氨酯硬泡渗透性的研究基于渗透规律的分析,运用达西渗透定律,设计实验的仪器和制定实验方案。通过大量的实验数据分析,得到影响聚氨酯硬泡渗透性的因素是封孔方式和封孔长度。通过理论分析和实验室模拟封孔对渗透性的测定,得到压注法封孔以及100cm-110cm的封孔长度能够不影响聚氨酯硬泡的低渗透性能。
本文对煤矿井下用聚氨酯硬泡封孔的安全性能进行实验测试与分析,旨在为煤矿封孔工艺提供安全可行的聚氨酯硬泡封孔材料。
The situation of safety production is more and more severe day by day in Chinese coal mines, which gas explosion and outburst accidents’death proportion is the highest in all of coal mine accidents. The most important measures to prevent and forecast the gas accidents are gas drainage technology,coal seam water injection technology, and gas pressure survey technology, however, the performance of hole sealing material is unable to meet the real craft requirements, which the quality of hole sealing is discrepancy and bring the hidden danger to the safety production. Due to this background, the research on safety performances of polyurethane rigid foam sealant material for coal mine is proposed.
The experimental program is established by using the orthogonal design method and 27 proportioning experiments are made. The samples test index value is analyzed by variance and range methods, which results show that the catalyst is the most remarkable impact to foaming time and present the inverse proportion impact, the foaming agent is the most remarkable impact to foaming multiple and present the direct proportion impact. The polyurethane rigid foam with controlling foaming speed, 31 foaming multiple, dense face and hardness is obtained in according to the comparison of samples and the experimental data analysis.
On the basis of studying the literature of polyurethane rigid foam performances research at home and abroad and some methods and thoughts of material performance study, the basic performances of polyurethane rigid foam are tested and analyzed, which results show the impact factors and the relation between factors and performances.
On account of adhesion theories, the train of thought which inject solid surface energy into studying polyurethane rigid foam adhesion performances is proposed, and the experimental program is designed in terms of this thought. The relation between bonding strength and surface energy is gained by analysis and fitting of the solid surface energy and bond stress test data. The experimental verification is carried out with the coal samples from five high gas outburst coal mines, which results show the erratum is about 14.8% of theory result and test values. So the relation is true.
On the strength of analysis of permeation laws, the study of polyurethane rigid foam permeability is proposed, and the experimental apparatus is shaped and the experimental plan is established by using Darcy’s law. The permeability impact factors which hole sealing way and length are proposed by analysis of amount of experimental data. By theory analysis and sealing simulation experiments in the lab, press and pour sealing and 100~110cm sealing length are able to ensure the low permeability and saving sealing cost.
The safety performances of polyurethane rigid foam are tested and analyzed in order to provide the safe and available polyurethane rigid foam sealing material to sealing craft in coal mines.
运用正交实验设计法制定聚氨酯硬泡的配比实验方案,共进行27次配比实验。通过对试样的测试指标值进行方差和极差分析,得到催化剂对发泡时间的影响最显著,并呈反比例的影响;发泡剂对发泡倍数影响最显著,并呈正比例的影响。根据试样的比较和实验数据的分析,得到发泡速度可控、发泡倍数达到31倍、具有表面致密和硬度大的聚氨酯硬泡材料。
基于国内外研究聚氨酯硬泡性能的文献调研,借鉴了很多研究材料性能的方法和思路,对聚氨酯硬泡的基础性能进行了测试和数据分析,得到了影响性能的因素,并得出影响因素与性能之间的关系。
基于粘结理论的研究,提出引入固体表面能来研究聚氨酯硬泡粘结性能的思路,并设计实验方案。通过对固体表面能的测算以及与硬泡粘结力的测试数据进行分析和数学拟合,得到粘结强度与表面能的关系式。从5个高瓦斯突出矿井选取实际开采煤样,进行实验验证,其理论结果与测量值误差为14.8%左右,可见,所得关系式较可靠。
聚氨酯硬泡渗透性的研究基于渗透规律的分析,运用达西渗透定律,设计实验的仪器和制定实验方案。通过大量的实验数据分析,得到影响聚氨酯硬泡渗透性的因素是封孔方式和封孔长度。通过理论分析和实验室模拟封孔对渗透性的测定,得到压注法封孔以及100cm-110cm的封孔长度能够不影响聚氨酯硬泡的低渗透性能。
本文对煤矿井下用聚氨酯硬泡封孔的安全性能进行实验测试与分析,旨在为煤矿封孔工艺提供安全可行的聚氨酯硬泡封孔材料。
The situation of safety production is more and more severe day by day in Chinese coal mines, which gas explosion and outburst accidents’death proportion is the highest in all of coal mine accidents. The most important measures to prevent and forecast the gas accidents are gas drainage technology,coal seam water injection technology, and gas pressure survey technology, however, the performance of hole sealing material is unable to meet the real craft requirements, which the quality of hole sealing is discrepancy and bring the hidden danger to the safety production. Due to this background, the research on safety performances of polyurethane rigid foam sealant material for coal mine is proposed.
The experimental program is established by using the orthogonal design method and 27 proportioning experiments are made. The samples test index value is analyzed by variance and range methods, which results show that the catalyst is the most remarkable impact to foaming time and present the inverse proportion impact, the foaming agent is the most remarkable impact to foaming multiple and present the direct proportion impact. The polyurethane rigid foam with controlling foaming speed, 31 foaming multiple, dense face and hardness is obtained in according to the comparison of samples and the experimental data analysis.
On the basis of studying the literature of polyurethane rigid foam performances research at home and abroad and some methods and thoughts of material performance study, the basic performances of polyurethane rigid foam are tested and analyzed, which results show the impact factors and the relation between factors and performances.
On account of adhesion theories, the train of thought which inject solid surface energy into studying polyurethane rigid foam adhesion performances is proposed, and the experimental program is designed in terms of this thought. The relation between bonding strength and surface energy is gained by analysis and fitting of the solid surface energy and bond stress test data. The experimental verification is carried out with the coal samples from five high gas outburst coal mines, which results show the erratum is about 14.8% of theory result and test values. So the relation is true.
On the strength of analysis of permeation laws, the study of polyurethane rigid foam permeability is proposed, and the experimental apparatus is shaped and the experimental plan is established by using Darcy’s law. The permeability impact factors which hole sealing way and length are proposed by analysis of amount of experimental data. By theory analysis and sealing simulation experiments in the lab, press and pour sealing and 100~110cm sealing length are able to ensure the low permeability and saving sealing cost.
The safety performances of polyurethane rigid foam are tested and analyzed in order to provide the safe and available polyurethane rigid foam sealing material to sealing craft in coal mines.
引文
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Maiti S K, Ashby M F, Gibson L J. Scripta Metallur., 1984, 18: 213~217.
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Maiti S K, Ashby M F, Gibson L J. Scripta Metallur., 1984, 18: 213~217.
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Modestio M, Lorenzattio A, Simionio F,et al. Polymer Dagredation and Stability, 2001, 74: 475.
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Schell S H, Gibbons C, Petrella R V. Advances in Urethane Science and Technology, 1976, 4: 198.
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巴志新,戴玉明,王章忠.磨碎玻璃纤维增强硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的力学性能.材料开发与应用,2005,20(6):17-20.
包燕敏.干式复合粘结性研究与工艺控制.塑料包装,1998,8(4):36-40.
边蕴静.低表面能防污涂料的防污特性理论分析.中国涂料,2000,5:36-39.
蔡灿柳,胡时胜,张春晓.约束条件下硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料抗压性能研究.聚氨酯工业,2006,21(2):38-40.
陈莹,王全凤,黄奕辉,等. GFRP复合材料与砖界面粘结性能的数值模拟.工程力学,2007,24(5):119-124.
储鸿,崔正刚.薄板毛细渗透法测定粉体接触角和表面能成分.江南大学学报(自然科学版),2005,4(3):302-305.
崔正刚, Binks B P,Clint J H.薄层毛细渗透技术测定多孔性固体颗粒的表面能成分.日用化学工业,2004,34(4):207-210.
狄剑锋,PERWUELZ Anne, GUEGUEN Virginie, et al.硅橡胶涂层织物表面能及稳定性研究. 纺织学报,2001,22(5):311-313.
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