复方中影响麻黄功效发挥的多因素研究
摘要
目的:以麻黄为主线,系统研究复方中影响麻黄功效发挥的多种因素;详细分析对于麻黄功效发挥的调控技巧;初步阐明麻黄常用配伍结构的作用机理;充分揭示方药共荣的基本规律。
方法:以《中华医方精选辞典》为据,收集麻黄复方579首,用EXCEL建立数据库,采用归类统计的方法,探索配伍、剂量、药用部位、炮制、用法、剂型对麻黄功效发挥的影响。采用分层剖析、深度发掘等方法,分析中医药学的源流关系,归纳方药共荣的基本规律。
结果:与麻黄配伍使用占据前6位的药类依次为解表药、化痰止咳平喘药、补气药、清热药、温里药、活血化瘀药;麻黄常见的配伍结构是麻黄配桂枝、麻黄配细辛、麻黄配羌活、麻黄配杏仁、麻黄配石膏、麻黄配白术、麻黄配附子等;麻黄蜜炙功擅宣肺平喘止咳,生麻黄长于解表散邪、行水消肿、通阳化滞,麻黄捣绒可使其宣肺平喘等功效更加缓和;麻黄小剂量可以通阳化滞,中剂量偏于宣肺平喘,大剂量可以行水消肿、解表散邪;麻黄根、节能固表止汗,麻黄茎能解表散邪,麻黄茎节同用兼顾解表散邪、宣肺平喘两方面功效;麻黄复方配合葱、姜、豉送服,或沐浴、盖衣被等辅助方法,有助于麻黄发汗祛邪。
结论:配伍环境是影响麻黄功效发挥的关键因素;剂量、药用部位、炮制、用法、剂型等皆能对麻黄功效发挥产生不同程度的影响;麻黄在复方中的功效发挥是上述诸因素综合配置的结果;方药共荣是中医药学发展的基本规律;掌握药物功效发挥的调控能力,是中医药学提高临床疗效和促进学术传承的重要环节。
Objective:To research on various factors that can influence the efficacy of Ephedra in compound formulae.To analyze the regulating skills of fully functioning of Ephedra.To explain clearly the mechanism action of Ephedra's compatibility structure which is commonly used.And also to reveal the basic law of "Formula and herbs co-prosperity".
Methods:Firstly,collecting ephedra-containing formula from "Zhonghua Refined Prescription Dictionary".The data of 579 formulae with ephedra were inputted in Micro-Excel.Secondly,by statistical methods of classification,we discussed the effects on ephedra's efficacy by those regulating factors,including compatibility,dosage,medicinal parts,processing,usage and dosage form.Eventually,after the detailed study on the source of herbs and Chinese medicine,the basic law of "Formula and herbs co-prosperity" were concluded.
Results:The 6 leading categories of Chinese herbs are as follows:diaphoretic drugs, drugs of resolving sputum and soothing asthma,Qi-tonifying drugs,heat-clearing drugs, interior-warming drugs and drugs of activating blood circulation;The usual compatible structure of Ephedra are as follows:Ephedra with Guizhi(cinnamon twig),with Xixin (asarum),with Qianghuo(notopterygium),with Xinren(apricot kernel),with Shigao (gypsum),with Baizhu(ovate atractylodes),with Fuzi(aconite),etc.Stir-baked Ephedra has the excellent effects of dispersing Lung to arrest cough,while the raw one is good at expelling wind,reducing edema by diuresis and activating Yang to remove stagnation.Ephedra that is pounded can make its effects milder than before;Ephedra in small dose has the effects of activating Yang to remove stagnation,in middle dose is good at dispersing Lung and soothing asthma,in high dose functions as reducing edema and as expelling wind;Ephedra root and section act as arresting sweat,the stem specializes in expelling wind.However,the effects of both expelling wind and soothing asthma can be covered if the stem and section of Ephedra are applied together.Diaphoresis of Ephedra becomes more powerful if the formula with Ephedra can be administrated in accordance with scallion and ginger,or together with other aiding methods,such as bath and covering quilt,etc.
Conclusion:The compatibility is the key point of all the factors influencing the efficacy exertion of Ephedra.What's more,other factors including compatibility,dosage, medicinal parts and so on are also influential in it.Therefore,the efficacy exertion of Ephedra in compound formulae is influenced by all the factors we mentioned above."Formula and herbs co-prosperity" is the basic law in the development of TCM.To know how to regulate the efficacy exertion of herbs plays an important role in clinics and TCM education.
方法:以《中华医方精选辞典》为据,收集麻黄复方579首,用EXCEL建立数据库,采用归类统计的方法,探索配伍、剂量、药用部位、炮制、用法、剂型对麻黄功效发挥的影响。采用分层剖析、深度发掘等方法,分析中医药学的源流关系,归纳方药共荣的基本规律。
结果:与麻黄配伍使用占据前6位的药类依次为解表药、化痰止咳平喘药、补气药、清热药、温里药、活血化瘀药;麻黄常见的配伍结构是麻黄配桂枝、麻黄配细辛、麻黄配羌活、麻黄配杏仁、麻黄配石膏、麻黄配白术、麻黄配附子等;麻黄蜜炙功擅宣肺平喘止咳,生麻黄长于解表散邪、行水消肿、通阳化滞,麻黄捣绒可使其宣肺平喘等功效更加缓和;麻黄小剂量可以通阳化滞,中剂量偏于宣肺平喘,大剂量可以行水消肿、解表散邪;麻黄根、节能固表止汗,麻黄茎能解表散邪,麻黄茎节同用兼顾解表散邪、宣肺平喘两方面功效;麻黄复方配合葱、姜、豉送服,或沐浴、盖衣被等辅助方法,有助于麻黄发汗祛邪。
结论:配伍环境是影响麻黄功效发挥的关键因素;剂量、药用部位、炮制、用法、剂型等皆能对麻黄功效发挥产生不同程度的影响;麻黄在复方中的功效发挥是上述诸因素综合配置的结果;方药共荣是中医药学发展的基本规律;掌握药物功效发挥的调控能力,是中医药学提高临床疗效和促进学术传承的重要环节。
Objective:To research on various factors that can influence the efficacy of Ephedra in compound formulae.To analyze the regulating skills of fully functioning of Ephedra.To explain clearly the mechanism action of Ephedra's compatibility structure which is commonly used.And also to reveal the basic law of "Formula and herbs co-prosperity".
Methods:Firstly,collecting ephedra-containing formula from "Zhonghua Refined Prescription Dictionary".The data of 579 formulae with ephedra were inputted in Micro-Excel.Secondly,by statistical methods of classification,we discussed the effects on ephedra's efficacy by those regulating factors,including compatibility,dosage,medicinal parts,processing,usage and dosage form.Eventually,after the detailed study on the source of herbs and Chinese medicine,the basic law of "Formula and herbs co-prosperity" were concluded.
Results:The 6 leading categories of Chinese herbs are as follows:diaphoretic drugs, drugs of resolving sputum and soothing asthma,Qi-tonifying drugs,heat-clearing drugs, interior-warming drugs and drugs of activating blood circulation;The usual compatible structure of Ephedra are as follows:Ephedra with Guizhi(cinnamon twig),with Xixin (asarum),with Qianghuo(notopterygium),with Xinren(apricot kernel),with Shigao (gypsum),with Baizhu(ovate atractylodes),with Fuzi(aconite),etc.Stir-baked Ephedra has the excellent effects of dispersing Lung to arrest cough,while the raw one is good at expelling wind,reducing edema by diuresis and activating Yang to remove stagnation.Ephedra that is pounded can make its effects milder than before;Ephedra in small dose has the effects of activating Yang to remove stagnation,in middle dose is good at dispersing Lung and soothing asthma,in high dose functions as reducing edema and as expelling wind;Ephedra root and section act as arresting sweat,the stem specializes in expelling wind.However,the effects of both expelling wind and soothing asthma can be covered if the stem and section of Ephedra are applied together.Diaphoresis of Ephedra becomes more powerful if the formula with Ephedra can be administrated in accordance with scallion and ginger,or together with other aiding methods,such as bath and covering quilt,etc.
Conclusion:The compatibility is the key point of all the factors influencing the efficacy exertion of Ephedra.What's more,other factors including compatibility,dosage, medicinal parts and so on are also influential in it.Therefore,the efficacy exertion of Ephedra in compound formulae is influenced by all the factors we mentioned above."Formula and herbs co-prosperity" is the basic law in the development of TCM.To know how to regulate the efficacy exertion of herbs plays an important role in clinics and TCM education.
引文
1.邓中甲,主编.普通高等教育“十五”国家级规划教材·方剂学[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,2003:4
2.韩笑,胡一冰,邱德文.中药复方配伍规律研究[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2000,6(8):59
3.杨杏林.施今墨对药浅识[J].天津中医学院学报,2000,19(1):10
4.罗文群,郭建生.伍炳彩用药对经验[J].江西中医学院学报,2001,13(3):110
5.杨君,秦英,杨莉.吕仁和教授常用药对简介[J].光明中医,2001(1):5
6.华青.罗陆一教授运用麻黄细辛对药的经验[J].云南中医学院学报,2007,30(2):36
7.贾波,梁煜.补气健脾法组方规律的文献及实验研究[J].中国医药学报,2003,18(1):35-37
8.陈龙全.益气活血类方剂的配伍方法初探[J].湖北中医杂志,2003,25(2):36-37
9.王珣,任建素,孙美珍.近十年慢性肾炎方药应用分析[C].南京中医药大学学报,2000,16(方剂学研究专辑):174
10.韩翠娟,李中.中医药治疗糖尿病处方用药统计分析[J].中国中医药信息杂志,1999,6(10):14
11.周鲁,付超,李兴华.中药复方治疗病毒性心肌炎的用药规律研究[J].上海中医药大学学报,2004,18(2):63-65
12.孙云.生脉散类方辨析[J].山东中医学院学报,1995,19(4):226-227
13.马红霞,尤昭玲.《傅青主女科》中荆芥穗的应用[J].湖南中医药导报,2002,8(10):571-572
14.李恩庆.《傅青主女科》产后病用药规律探讨[J].四川中医,2002,20(12):4-5
15.仲润生.浅析张锡纯治疗咳嗽、喘证的特色[J].河北中医,2002,24(11):859-860
16.梁煜,贾波,黄秀深等.浅谈益气健脾方用药及组方规律[J].辽宁中医杂志,2002,29(3):179-180
17.王珣,郑建军,高玉峰.慢性肾炎组方配伍规律的探讨[J].陕西中医,2001,22(6):370-372
18.蒋永光,李认书,金桂花等.方剂配伍的研究现状及问题分析[J].国医论坛,2002,17(1):51-52
19.姚美村,袁月梅,艾路等.数据挖掘及其在中医药现代化研究中的应用[J].北京中医药大学学报,2002,25(5):20-22
20.张菊英,查干花,李力等.脾胃方配伍规律统计方法探讨[J].四川中医,2004,22(6):93-94
21.姚美村,艾路,袁月梅等.消渴病复方配伍规律的关联规则分析[J].北京中医药大学学报,2002,25(6):48-50
22.王咏梅,马红,刘苏中.方剂配伍的模糊数学特性研究[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2000,6(6):59-60
23.周鲁,唐向阳,付超等.解表类中药的模糊聚类分析[J].华西药学杂志,2004,19(5):339-341
24.卢林耿,柯建利,王中民.中医辨证论治的对应分析方法[J].数理医药学杂志,2000,13(3):272-273
25.沈海萍,李风云,徐金秀.浅述《金匮要略》中麻黄的配伍妙用[J].河北中医,1999,21(2):105
26.陈华章.《千金方》麻黄与桂枝相伍探析[J].中医药通报,2006,5(4):23-25
27.肖森茂,彭永开,编.百家配伍用药经验采菁[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1992:330-338
28.严索宇,黄建琴.邱祖萍运用麻黄配方经验[J].中医杂志,2002,43(4):262-263
29.谭同来等著.中药配伍十法[M].太原:山西科学技术出版社,2006:14-15
30.清·顾观光辑,杨鹏举校注.神农本草经[M].北京:学院出版社,2002:140
31.甄权.药性论.见:马子密,傅延龄,主编.历代本草药性汇解[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2002:15
32.日华子本草[M].合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,2005:60
33.李时珍.本草纲目[M].北京:华夏出版社,2002:696-698
34.刘洋,主编.徐灵胎医学全书[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,2001:68
35.国家中医药管理局《中华本草》编委会.中华本草·精选本[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1998:271-273
36.谢鸣.方剂学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2002:23
37.陶弘景.名医别录.见:马子密,傅延龄,主编.历代本草药性汇解[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2002:15
38.李中梓.本草通玄.见:包来发,主编.李中梓医学全书[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,1999:515
39.李东垣.珍珠囊药性赋.见,金元四大家医学全书[M].天津:天津科学技术出版社,1999:893
40.高学敏.普通高等教育“十五”国家级规划教材·中药学[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,第一版,2002:52
41.清·汪昂辑.本草备要[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1998:45
42.陈潮祖.中医治法与方剂[M]·第4版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2003:103
43.张锡纯.医学衷中参西录[M].石家庄:河北人民出版社,1974:337
44.焦树德.用药心得十讲[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1978:10-11
45.张景岳.景岳全书·本草正[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1993:637
46.张锡纯.医学衷中参西录[M].石家庄:河北人民出版社,1974:338
47.邹澍.本经疏证[M].上海:上海卫生出版社,1957:153
48.王付.经方药物药理临证指南[M].北京:中医古籍出版社,1999:189
49.周祯祥.临床中药研究心得[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2005:130
50.邓中甲.普通高等教育“十五”国家级规划教材·方剂学[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,2003:10
51.苏洁贞,刘明平.中药的“三对”治疗功效[J].中医研究,2001,14(3):2-3
52.文永贵.中药功用及鉴别挈要[M].成都:四川科技出版社,1994:6
53.清·周岩,撰.本草思辨录.见:马子密,傅延龄,主编.历代本草药性汇解[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2002:22-24
54.孙一奎.赤水玄珠[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1996:320
55.张山雷,著.本草正义[M].福州:福建科学技术出版社,2006:129--130
56.金家浚,蒋维宇,编著.中医百家方论荟萃[M]·第1版.重庆:重庆出版社,1999:1-5
57.清·柯琴,撰.伤寒来苏集[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,2006:37-38
58.汪昂.医方集解[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2007:55
59.沈映君,等.麻黄桂枝协同发汗作用的实验研究[J].成都中医学院学报,1986,9(1):31
60.清·顾观光辑,杨鹏举校注.神农本草经[M].北京:学院出版社,2002:84
61.黄宫绣.本草求真[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1997:122-123
62.王付.麻黄桂枝剂量配比之我见[J].浙江中医杂志,2000,(12):512
63.明·倪朱谟,编著.本草汇言[M].北京:中医古籍出版社,2005:255
64.严索宇,黄建琴.麻黄巧配伍,疑难杂症除[J].浙江中医杂志,2001(9):397-398
65.刘旭.小议张仲景麻黄葛根先煎之理[J].国医论坛,2007,22(4):44-45
66.华青.罗陆一教授运用麻黄细辛对药的经验[J].云南中医学院学报,2007,30(2):37
67.何永田.细辛止痛作用与剂量的研究[J].浙江中医杂志,1984,29(2):70
68.王振祥.细辛用量之我见[J].吉林中医药,1982,(1):48
69.张志聪.本草崇原[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1996:86-87
70.叶桂.临证指南医案[M].北京:华夏出版社,1995:229
71.柯雪帆,赵章忠.《伤寒论》和《金匮要略》中的药物剂量问题[J].上海中医药杂志,1983,(12):36-38
72.干祖望,著.干祖望经验集[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2002:126-130
73.清·王士雄.温热经纬[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1999:191
74.肖森茂,彭永开,编.百家配伍用药经验采菁[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1992:331
75.清·张秉成,编撰.本草便读[M].上海:上海卫生出版社,1957:75-76
76.刘进录.刘韵远治疗哮喘运用对药经验[M].中医杂志,1990,31(8):20
77.陶弘景.名医别录.见:马子密,傅延龄,主编.历代本草药性汇解[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2002:114
78.张锡纯.医学衷中参西录[M].石家庄:河北人民出版社,1974:285
79.陈潮祖.中医治法与方剂[M].第4版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2003:185
80.刘建汉,刘安平.麻黄治疗儿童哮喘的配伍与应用[J].湖北中医杂志,2001,23(6):39
81.柯雪帆.伤寒论选读[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1996:47
82.刘弼臣,马莲湘,肖正安,等.小儿肺炎证治[J].中医杂志,1988,29(10):4-9
83.肖森茂,彭永开,编.百家配伍用药经验采菁[M]。北京:中国中医药出版社,1992:339
84.高新彦,韩丽萍,任艳芸.古今名医医案赏析[M]·第1版.北京:人民军医出版社,2004:82-83
85.贝润浦.著名老中医姜春华治疗某些疑难杂症的经验[J].上海中医药杂志,1983,(12):4
86.肖森茂,彭永开,编.百家配伍用药经验采菁[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1992:331-332
87.褚襄萍,徐朝晖,战光绪,等.药对麻黄地龙配比及平喘作用机制的研究[J].中国中药杂志,2006,31(3):236-238
88.明·缪希雍,撰.神农本草经疏[M].北京:中医古籍出版社,2002:391
89.朱丹溪.本草衍义补遗.见:马子密,傅延龄,主编.历代本草药性汇解[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2002:184
90.严洁,施雯,洪炜.得配本草[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1997:84-85
91.邹云祥.常见四种老年型疾病的防治[J].上海中医药杂志,1979,(2):3
92.张璐.本经逢原[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1996:31-32
93.谭同来等著.中药配伍十法[M].太原:山西科学技术出版社,2006:294
94.雷载权,张廷模.中华临床中药学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1998:169-357,682-789
95.肖森茂,彭永开,编.百家配伍用药经验采菁[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1992:143
96.余大强.张镜人治疗顽疾重症验案三则[J].上海中医药杂志,1987,(5):8
97.陶弘景.名医别录.见:马子密,傅延龄,主编.历代本草药性汇解[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2002:370
98.张景岳.景岳全书·肿胀[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1994:271
99.《北京市老中医经验选编》编委会.北京市老中医经验选编[M].北京:北京出版社,1980:178-179
100.沈万生.用药新伍拾零——学习范中明用药特色的体会[J].上海中医药杂志,1986,(9):29
101.韩天雄,邢斌,窦丹波.颜德馨运用温阳法经验撮要[M].上海中医药杂志,2006,40(9):10
102.肖森茂,彭永开,编.百家配伍用药经验采菁[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1992:158
103.郑国庆.论风药治血的机制[J].江苏中医,2000,21(8):7-8
104.张洪.董建华运用麻黄治疗喘证的配伍特色[J].浙江中医杂志,1989,24(11):499
105.吕景山,编著.施今墨对药[M].北京:人民军医出版社,1996:103-104
106.谢观。主编.中国医学大辞典[M].天津:天津科学技术出版社,2000:585-586
107.韩冠先,连华敏.麻黄的活血作用[J].中医杂志,1992,33(3):5-6
108.叶显纯.陶御风编著.中药配伍文献集要[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1990:348
109.马云淑等.麻黄的透皮吸收与白芥子促透皮作用的实验研究[J].中国医药学报,2002,17(1):59
110.谢文光,主编.中医配方学[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2000:468
111.黄煌.张仲景50味药证[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2004:39
112.夏洪生主编.北方医话[M].北京:北京科学技术出版社,2005:693
113.张炳鑫主编.中药炮制品古今演变[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1991:170
114.陈嘉谟.本草蒙筌.见,张瑞贤,主编.本草名著集成[M].北京:华夏出版社,1998:107
115.陈修园.神农本草经读.见,马子密,傅延龄,主编.历代本草药性汇解[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2002:19
116.尚志钧,刘晓龙.麻黄去节除沫的讨论[J].中成药,1994,16(11):46
117.阴健,等.中药现代研究与临床应用[M].学苑出版社,1993:618
118.江苏新医学院编.中药大辞典[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2004:2223
119.陈嘉谟.本草蒙筌.见,张瑞贤,主编.本草名著集成[M].北京:华夏出版社,1998:68
120.陆维承.麻黄入药须先煎[J].吉林中医药,1997(1):39
121.程昭寰,主编.方剂气味配伍理论及应用[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,2006:2
2.韩笑,胡一冰,邱德文.中药复方配伍规律研究[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2000,6(8):59
3.杨杏林.施今墨对药浅识[J].天津中医学院学报,2000,19(1):10
4.罗文群,郭建生.伍炳彩用药对经验[J].江西中医学院学报,2001,13(3):110
5.杨君,秦英,杨莉.吕仁和教授常用药对简介[J].光明中医,2001(1):5
6.华青.罗陆一教授运用麻黄细辛对药的经验[J].云南中医学院学报,2007,30(2):36
7.贾波,梁煜.补气健脾法组方规律的文献及实验研究[J].中国医药学报,2003,18(1):35-37
8.陈龙全.益气活血类方剂的配伍方法初探[J].湖北中医杂志,2003,25(2):36-37
9.王珣,任建素,孙美珍.近十年慢性肾炎方药应用分析[C].南京中医药大学学报,2000,16(方剂学研究专辑):174
10.韩翠娟,李中.中医药治疗糖尿病处方用药统计分析[J].中国中医药信息杂志,1999,6(10):14
11.周鲁,付超,李兴华.中药复方治疗病毒性心肌炎的用药规律研究[J].上海中医药大学学报,2004,18(2):63-65
12.孙云.生脉散类方辨析[J].山东中医学院学报,1995,19(4):226-227
13.马红霞,尤昭玲.《傅青主女科》中荆芥穗的应用[J].湖南中医药导报,2002,8(10):571-572
14.李恩庆.《傅青主女科》产后病用药规律探讨[J].四川中医,2002,20(12):4-5
15.仲润生.浅析张锡纯治疗咳嗽、喘证的特色[J].河北中医,2002,24(11):859-860
16.梁煜,贾波,黄秀深等.浅谈益气健脾方用药及组方规律[J].辽宁中医杂志,2002,29(3):179-180
17.王珣,郑建军,高玉峰.慢性肾炎组方配伍规律的探讨[J].陕西中医,2001,22(6):370-372
18.蒋永光,李认书,金桂花等.方剂配伍的研究现状及问题分析[J].国医论坛,2002,17(1):51-52
19.姚美村,袁月梅,艾路等.数据挖掘及其在中医药现代化研究中的应用[J].北京中医药大学学报,2002,25(5):20-22
20.张菊英,查干花,李力等.脾胃方配伍规律统计方法探讨[J].四川中医,2004,22(6):93-94
21.姚美村,艾路,袁月梅等.消渴病复方配伍规律的关联规则分析[J].北京中医药大学学报,2002,25(6):48-50
22.王咏梅,马红,刘苏中.方剂配伍的模糊数学特性研究[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2000,6(6):59-60
23.周鲁,唐向阳,付超等.解表类中药的模糊聚类分析[J].华西药学杂志,2004,19(5):339-341
24.卢林耿,柯建利,王中民.中医辨证论治的对应分析方法[J].数理医药学杂志,2000,13(3):272-273
25.沈海萍,李风云,徐金秀.浅述《金匮要略》中麻黄的配伍妙用[J].河北中医,1999,21(2):105
26.陈华章.《千金方》麻黄与桂枝相伍探析[J].中医药通报,2006,5(4):23-25
27.肖森茂,彭永开,编.百家配伍用药经验采菁[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1992:330-338
28.严索宇,黄建琴.邱祖萍运用麻黄配方经验[J].中医杂志,2002,43(4):262-263
29.谭同来等著.中药配伍十法[M].太原:山西科学技术出版社,2006:14-15
30.清·顾观光辑,杨鹏举校注.神农本草经[M].北京:学院出版社,2002:140
31.甄权.药性论.见:马子密,傅延龄,主编.历代本草药性汇解[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2002:15
32.日华子本草[M].合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,2005:60
33.李时珍.本草纲目[M].北京:华夏出版社,2002:696-698
34.刘洋,主编.徐灵胎医学全书[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,2001:68
35.国家中医药管理局《中华本草》编委会.中华本草·精选本[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1998:271-273
36.谢鸣.方剂学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2002:23
37.陶弘景.名医别录.见:马子密,傅延龄,主编.历代本草药性汇解[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2002:15
38.李中梓.本草通玄.见:包来发,主编.李中梓医学全书[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,1999:515
39.李东垣.珍珠囊药性赋.见,金元四大家医学全书[M].天津:天津科学技术出版社,1999:893
40.高学敏.普通高等教育“十五”国家级规划教材·中药学[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,第一版,2002:52
41.清·汪昂辑.本草备要[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1998:45
42.陈潮祖.中医治法与方剂[M]·第4版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2003:103
43.张锡纯.医学衷中参西录[M].石家庄:河北人民出版社,1974:337
44.焦树德.用药心得十讲[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1978:10-11
45.张景岳.景岳全书·本草正[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1993:637
46.张锡纯.医学衷中参西录[M].石家庄:河北人民出版社,1974:338
47.邹澍.本经疏证[M].上海:上海卫生出版社,1957:153
48.王付.经方药物药理临证指南[M].北京:中医古籍出版社,1999:189
49.周祯祥.临床中药研究心得[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2005:130
50.邓中甲.普通高等教育“十五”国家级规划教材·方剂学[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,2003:10
51.苏洁贞,刘明平.中药的“三对”治疗功效[J].中医研究,2001,14(3):2-3
52.文永贵.中药功用及鉴别挈要[M].成都:四川科技出版社,1994:6
53.清·周岩,撰.本草思辨录.见:马子密,傅延龄,主编.历代本草药性汇解[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2002:22-24
54.孙一奎.赤水玄珠[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1996:320
55.张山雷,著.本草正义[M].福州:福建科学技术出版社,2006:129--130
56.金家浚,蒋维宇,编著.中医百家方论荟萃[M]·第1版.重庆:重庆出版社,1999:1-5
57.清·柯琴,撰.伤寒来苏集[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,2006:37-38
58.汪昂.医方集解[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2007:55
59.沈映君,等.麻黄桂枝协同发汗作用的实验研究[J].成都中医学院学报,1986,9(1):31
60.清·顾观光辑,杨鹏举校注.神农本草经[M].北京:学院出版社,2002:84
61.黄宫绣.本草求真[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1997:122-123
62.王付.麻黄桂枝剂量配比之我见[J].浙江中医杂志,2000,(12):512
63.明·倪朱谟,编著.本草汇言[M].北京:中医古籍出版社,2005:255
64.严索宇,黄建琴.麻黄巧配伍,疑难杂症除[J].浙江中医杂志,2001(9):397-398
65.刘旭.小议张仲景麻黄葛根先煎之理[J].国医论坛,2007,22(4):44-45
66.华青.罗陆一教授运用麻黄细辛对药的经验[J].云南中医学院学报,2007,30(2):37
67.何永田.细辛止痛作用与剂量的研究[J].浙江中医杂志,1984,29(2):70
68.王振祥.细辛用量之我见[J].吉林中医药,1982,(1):48
69.张志聪.本草崇原[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1996:86-87
70.叶桂.临证指南医案[M].北京:华夏出版社,1995:229
71.柯雪帆,赵章忠.《伤寒论》和《金匮要略》中的药物剂量问题[J].上海中医药杂志,1983,(12):36-38
72.干祖望,著.干祖望经验集[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2002:126-130
73.清·王士雄.温热经纬[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1999:191
74.肖森茂,彭永开,编.百家配伍用药经验采菁[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1992:331
75.清·张秉成,编撰.本草便读[M].上海:上海卫生出版社,1957:75-76
76.刘进录.刘韵远治疗哮喘运用对药经验[M].中医杂志,1990,31(8):20
77.陶弘景.名医别录.见:马子密,傅延龄,主编.历代本草药性汇解[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2002:114
78.张锡纯.医学衷中参西录[M].石家庄:河北人民出版社,1974:285
79.陈潮祖.中医治法与方剂[M].第4版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2003:185
80.刘建汉,刘安平.麻黄治疗儿童哮喘的配伍与应用[J].湖北中医杂志,2001,23(6):39
81.柯雪帆.伤寒论选读[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1996:47
82.刘弼臣,马莲湘,肖正安,等.小儿肺炎证治[J].中医杂志,1988,29(10):4-9
83.肖森茂,彭永开,编.百家配伍用药经验采菁[M]。北京:中国中医药出版社,1992:339
84.高新彦,韩丽萍,任艳芸.古今名医医案赏析[M]·第1版.北京:人民军医出版社,2004:82-83
85.贝润浦.著名老中医姜春华治疗某些疑难杂症的经验[J].上海中医药杂志,1983,(12):4
86.肖森茂,彭永开,编.百家配伍用药经验采菁[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1992:331-332
87.褚襄萍,徐朝晖,战光绪,等.药对麻黄地龙配比及平喘作用机制的研究[J].中国中药杂志,2006,31(3):236-238
88.明·缪希雍,撰.神农本草经疏[M].北京:中医古籍出版社,2002:391
89.朱丹溪.本草衍义补遗.见:马子密,傅延龄,主编.历代本草药性汇解[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2002:184
90.严洁,施雯,洪炜.得配本草[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1997:84-85
91.邹云祥.常见四种老年型疾病的防治[J].上海中医药杂志,1979,(2):3
92.张璐.本经逢原[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1996:31-32
93.谭同来等著.中药配伍十法[M].太原:山西科学技术出版社,2006:294
94.雷载权,张廷模.中华临床中药学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1998:169-357,682-789
95.肖森茂,彭永开,编.百家配伍用药经验采菁[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1992:143
96.余大强.张镜人治疗顽疾重症验案三则[J].上海中医药杂志,1987,(5):8
97.陶弘景.名医别录.见:马子密,傅延龄,主编.历代本草药性汇解[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2002:370
98.张景岳.景岳全书·肿胀[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1994:271
99.《北京市老中医经验选编》编委会.北京市老中医经验选编[M].北京:北京出版社,1980:178-179
100.沈万生.用药新伍拾零——学习范中明用药特色的体会[J].上海中医药杂志,1986,(9):29
101.韩天雄,邢斌,窦丹波.颜德馨运用温阳法经验撮要[M].上海中医药杂志,2006,40(9):10
102.肖森茂,彭永开,编.百家配伍用药经验采菁[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1992:158
103.郑国庆.论风药治血的机制[J].江苏中医,2000,21(8):7-8
104.张洪.董建华运用麻黄治疗喘证的配伍特色[J].浙江中医杂志,1989,24(11):499
105.吕景山,编著.施今墨对药[M].北京:人民军医出版社,1996:103-104
106.谢观。主编.中国医学大辞典[M].天津:天津科学技术出版社,2000:585-586
107.韩冠先,连华敏.麻黄的活血作用[J].中医杂志,1992,33(3):5-6
108.叶显纯.陶御风编著.中药配伍文献集要[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1990:348
109.马云淑等.麻黄的透皮吸收与白芥子促透皮作用的实验研究[J].中国医药学报,2002,17(1):59
110.谢文光,主编.中医配方学[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2000:468
111.黄煌.张仲景50味药证[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2004:39
112.夏洪生主编.北方医话[M].北京:北京科学技术出版社,2005:693
113.张炳鑫主编.中药炮制品古今演变[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1991:170
114.陈嘉谟.本草蒙筌.见,张瑞贤,主编.本草名著集成[M].北京:华夏出版社,1998:107
115.陈修园.神农本草经读.见,马子密,傅延龄,主编.历代本草药性汇解[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2002:19
116.尚志钧,刘晓龙.麻黄去节除沫的讨论[J].中成药,1994,16(11):46
117.阴健,等.中药现代研究与临床应用[M].学苑出版社,1993:618
118.江苏新医学院编.中药大辞典[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2004:2223
119.陈嘉谟.本草蒙筌.见,张瑞贤,主编.本草名著集成[M].北京:华夏出版社,1998:68
120.陆维承.麻黄入药须先煎[J].吉林中医药,1997(1):39
121.程昭寰,主编.方剂气味配伍理论及应用[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,2006:2