西昆仑—喀喇昆仑晚古生代—早中生代构造格局
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摘要
本文以西昆仑、喀喇昆仑地区的晚古生代-早中生代地层为主要研究对象,增生造山理论作为构造分析的基础。采用沉积学、岩石大地构造学、地球化学及其交叉学科(如沉积地球化学、沉积大地构造学等)的理论和方法确定盆地的性质。以造山带地层学研究,尤其是化石所确定的地层时代(重要不整合的时代)建立盆地充填的时间序列及盆地之间的对应关系,进而建立造山过程的时间坐标轴。以造山带古地理学的方法建立造山过程中各阶段的构造-古地理单元及其空间配置,从而反映造山极性。综合上述三方面的成果,最终实现精细的造山过程研究。
本文系统研究了西昆仑-喀喇昆仑地区晚古生代-早中生代地层的岩石组合及其分布特征,结合所含的生物组合特征绘制了研究区泥盆纪、石炭纪、早中二叠世及三叠纪的岩相古地理略图。通过对研究区盆地充填物、充填规律、沉积岩的微量元素、火山岩的地球化学特征的综合分析,认为阿羌-库尔良盆地是在泥盆系弧后前陆盆地的基础上发展起来的边缘裂谷盆地,苏巴什、瓦卡、奥依塔格为残留的弧后盆地,卡勒拉塔什-麻扎为火山弧、弧间及弧前沉积组合体。上述构造单元位于苏巴什-康西瓦-麻扎-瓦卡以北,具有清晰的弧、盆体系,为活动大陆边缘构造单元组合,其当时的空间配置关系极其类似于东海-菲律宾海盆现今的构造地理格局。甜水海、喀喇昆仑地区晚古生代沉积奠基于陆块基底之上,泥盆系-早石炭世为稳定台地沉积,晚石炭世分化为北部的陆块本部以及南部的斜坡-深水盆地,形成向南倾的被动陆缘盆地。西昆仑与甜水海-喀喇昆仑在中二叠世前各自独立发展,中二叠世末期松散相连。晚二叠世-中三叠世间,巴颜喀拉西延部分是二者间的残留海盆,晚三叠世后期残留海盆关闭,整个研究区联为一体,进入板内演化阶段。
The late Paleozoic-early Mesozoic strata in the Western Kunlun-Karakorum area are main research object and the accreting orogenic theory is used for structural analysis in this paper. The methods of sedimentology, petrotectonics, geochemistry and their interdisciplinary are used to determine the basin type. On the basis of studying on orogenic stratigraphy, especially the fossil of strata,this paper documents the time series of basin filling, relationship between basins and the time coordinate of orogenic process. The research method of orogenic ancient geography was used in erecting the tectonic-paleo-geographic units and their spatial configuration in the orogenic, and hence reflecting the orogenic polarity. The final target is to attempt to define the fine orogenic course.
It is the first to research the late Paleozoic-early Mesozoic strata, rock assemblages and distribution in Western Kunlun-Karakorum systematically. The facies palaeoareal maps in different stage have been drawn. By roundly analyzing the basin filling sediments, the fill rules, the trace elements of sedimentary rocks and the geochemical characteristics of volcanic rocks, The Aqiang-kuerliang baisn is considered to be a marginal rift basin formed on the basis of back arc foreland basin during Devonian. The Subashi–Aoyitage basin to be remnant back-arc basin, the Kaleilatashi-Mazha to be the combination of fore-arc basin, island arc and interarc basin. These tectonic units are located to the north of Subashi-Kangxiwa-Waqia juncture, and possess clear arc-basin system. They are tectonic units of active continental margin. The temporal and spatial configuration of these units is very similar to nowadays tectonic frames in the east sea of China——Filipine Sea. The late Paleozoic-early Mesozoic sediments in Tianshuihai-Karakunlun area were based on
land block. They were steady mesa sediments from Devonian to early Carboniferous. In late Carboniferous the south was slope-deep basin, the north was continental segment, and formed a passive continental marginal basin dipping to south. Western Kunlun and Tianshuihai–Karakunlun developed independently by middle Permian, and loosely joined together at the end of middle Permian. From late Permian to middle Triassic, there was a residual sea basin between Western Kunlun and Karakunlun, which was the Western extension of Bayankara basin. The basin closed in late Triassic, the whole research area joined together, and turned into intraplate evolution phase.
本文系统研究了西昆仑-喀喇昆仑地区晚古生代-早中生代地层的岩石组合及其分布特征,结合所含的生物组合特征绘制了研究区泥盆纪、石炭纪、早中二叠世及三叠纪的岩相古地理略图。通过对研究区盆地充填物、充填规律、沉积岩的微量元素、火山岩的地球化学特征的综合分析,认为阿羌-库尔良盆地是在泥盆系弧后前陆盆地的基础上发展起来的边缘裂谷盆地,苏巴什、瓦卡、奥依塔格为残留的弧后盆地,卡勒拉塔什-麻扎为火山弧、弧间及弧前沉积组合体。上述构造单元位于苏巴什-康西瓦-麻扎-瓦卡以北,具有清晰的弧、盆体系,为活动大陆边缘构造单元组合,其当时的空间配置关系极其类似于东海-菲律宾海盆现今的构造地理格局。甜水海、喀喇昆仑地区晚古生代沉积奠基于陆块基底之上,泥盆系-早石炭世为稳定台地沉积,晚石炭世分化为北部的陆块本部以及南部的斜坡-深水盆地,形成向南倾的被动陆缘盆地。西昆仑与甜水海-喀喇昆仑在中二叠世前各自独立发展,中二叠世末期松散相连。晚二叠世-中三叠世间,巴颜喀拉西延部分是二者间的残留海盆,晚三叠世后期残留海盆关闭,整个研究区联为一体,进入板内演化阶段。
The late Paleozoic-early Mesozoic strata in the Western Kunlun-Karakorum area are main research object and the accreting orogenic theory is used for structural analysis in this paper. The methods of sedimentology, petrotectonics, geochemistry and their interdisciplinary are used to determine the basin type. On the basis of studying on orogenic stratigraphy, especially the fossil of strata,this paper documents the time series of basin filling, relationship between basins and the time coordinate of orogenic process. The research method of orogenic ancient geography was used in erecting the tectonic-paleo-geographic units and their spatial configuration in the orogenic, and hence reflecting the orogenic polarity. The final target is to attempt to define the fine orogenic course.
It is the first to research the late Paleozoic-early Mesozoic strata, rock assemblages and distribution in Western Kunlun-Karakorum systematically. The facies palaeoareal maps in different stage have been drawn. By roundly analyzing the basin filling sediments, the fill rules, the trace elements of sedimentary rocks and the geochemical characteristics of volcanic rocks, The Aqiang-kuerliang baisn is considered to be a marginal rift basin formed on the basis of back arc foreland basin during Devonian. The Subashi–Aoyitage basin to be remnant back-arc basin, the Kaleilatashi-Mazha to be the combination of fore-arc basin, island arc and interarc basin. These tectonic units are located to the north of Subashi-Kangxiwa-Waqia juncture, and possess clear arc-basin system. They are tectonic units of active continental margin. The temporal and spatial configuration of these units is very similar to nowadays tectonic frames in the east sea of China——Filipine Sea. The late Paleozoic-early Mesozoic sediments in Tianshuihai-Karakunlun area were based on
land block. They were steady mesa sediments from Devonian to early Carboniferous. In late Carboniferous the south was slope-deep basin, the north was continental segment, and formed a passive continental marginal basin dipping to south. Western Kunlun and Tianshuihai–Karakunlun developed independently by middle Permian, and loosely joined together at the end of middle Permian. From late Permian to middle Triassic, there was a residual sea basin between Western Kunlun and Karakunlun, which was the Western extension of Bayankara basin. The basin closed in late Triassic, the whole research area joined together, and turned into intraplate evolution phase.
引文
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