水蛭抗凝活性成分的研究
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摘要
本文通过对水蛭(蚂蟥Whitmania pigra Whitman)的抗凝活性成分跟踪,确定水蛭的提取、分离、纯化的合理方法,分离出水蛭中抗凝活性的单一成分,并对其效价及分子量进行了测定。
     第一部分为水蛭的抗凝活性成分的初步提取。首先,对水蛭的初提溶剂进行了考察,以生理盐水、0.02mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液和20%乙醇为溶剂进行提取,对比三种水蛭提取液的抗凝活性,从而确定适宜的提取溶剂为生理盐水。
     其次,对水蛭头侧、尾侧的抗凝活性进行了比较,结果表明,两者并无明显差异,确定以水蛭的整体为实验原料。
     之后,通过对加生理盐水量,提取时间,提取次数三个因素的正交试验,确定了提取水蛭的最佳提取条件,即5倍量生理盐水,提取3次,每次2小时。
     最后,通过对水蛭提取液在不同饱和度的硫酸铵条件下,所得到蛋白溶液的抗凝活性对比,确定30%-70%饱和度的硫酸铵为适宜的盐析条件。(本文以下将水蛭用30%-70%饱和度的硫酸铵沉淀的提取液称为初提液)
     第二部分为水蛭抗凝活性成分的分离。首先,用DEAE sephadex A-50柱对水蛭初提液进行分离,对其洗脱液抗凝活性进行对比,确定以pH=8;0-0.5mol/L NaCl为梯度洗脱条件,所得的洗脱液为水蛭抗凝活性部位。(本文以下将水蛭用DEAE sephadex A-50柱,0-0.5mol/LNaCl梯度洗脱的洗脱液称为活性部位)
     并且,用CM Sepharose F.F.柱对水蛭初提液的分离进行了尝试。
     第三部分为水蛭的抗凝活性部位的纯化。首先,用Sepharose 6 Fast Flow柱对水蛭活性部位进行了纯化。
     其次,用Sephacryl S-200 High Resolution柱对水蛭的活性部位做了纯化,得到了HPLC显示为单一对称峰SZ4,并确定其为抗凝活性的有效成分。
     最后,用Sephacryl S-200 High Resolution柱对水蛭的初提液做了分离,得到13个HPLC显示纯度较高的成分SZ5a,SZ5b,SZ5c,并以抗凝活性为指标对比三者韵活性,其中SZ5b有抗凝的活性成分,其它二者无抗凝活性。
     第四部分水蛭的抗凝活性成分的相关测定。其中包括,根据《中国药典》2000版(一部)附录ⅫD肝素检测法和附录ⅪⅤ生物检定统计法,测定水蛭抗凝活性成分SZ4的效价,及用《中国生物制品工程》2000版Ⅴ附录SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法,进行了分子量的测定。
     (HPLC 条件:凝胶色谱柱:TSK-GELG2000SW_(XL)流动相:0.05mol/LPBS+0.1mol/LNa_2SO_4+0.05%NaN_3;流速:0.6ml/min;检测波长:280nm;柱温:28℃)
Whitmania pigra Whitman, as a popularly used traditional Chinese medicine for removing blood stasis, has a great effect of anticoagulant,antiplatelet, antithrombus, the main active elements of Whitman are protein and enzyme. In this article, we tried several means, such as normal saline extracting, salting out method, gel chromatography and so on, to extract and purify the element from Whitmania pigra Whitman.
    Section one is about extracting methods of Whitman. Firstly, normal saline extracting methods is decided through comparing the effect anticoagulant of the 3 kinds of Whitman extracting solution.
    Secondly, Decide use all body of Whitman by comparing head side and tail side of its anticoagulant effect, two of them having no apparent difference.
    After that, the best extracting condition is decided by orthogonal test. They are 5 multiple solution, extracting 2 hours and 3 times.
    At last, salting out condition is decided by comparing the Whitman' s anticoagulant of extracting solutions, which come from different saturation of (NH4)2SO4.
    Section two is about isolating methods of Whitman's anticoagulant. Firstly, Whitman' s anticoagulant was isolated by DEAE sephadex A~50 column under the condition of 0-0. 5mol/L and pH=8. Secondly also try isolating Whitman' s anticoagulant through CM Sepharose F. F. column.
    Section three is the purification of the Whitman' s anticoagulant. Try several methods, such as Sepharose 6 Fast Flow column and Sephacryl S-200 High Resolution column, to purificate Whitman' s anticoagulant.
    Section four is about qualitative determination .
    Through above methods we received a high purification of Whitman' s anticoagulant.
引文
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