新编健身气功在甘肃省兰州市的发展现状及对策研究
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摘要
健身气功是我国民族传统体育的精髓,是中华悠久传统养生文化的优秀项目之一。国家体育总局健身气功管理中心在挖掘整理优秀气功功法的基础上组织创编新健身气功功法,其动作简单易学、柔和舒缓、气含内敛、吐纳自然,深受广大群众的喜爱。健身气功的推广能有效增强群众体质,丰富群众业余文化生活,具有广泛的群众基础和鲜明的时代特征,在全民健身中发挥着非常重要作用。本文采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、实地调查法、问卷调查法等研究方法,以甘肃省兰州市健身气功站点为研究对象,针对兰州市现在健身气功的站点现状、辅导员、练习者情况进行研究,得出以下结论：1)兰州市新编健身气功活动己经达到一定规模,从参与的人数、分布的区域、练习者的积极性以及开展的程度等方面,都说明兰州市健身气功有着较为广泛的基础。2)活动形式上呈现出一定的组织化特征,现己有100个辅导站覆盖全市五区三县,载兰州市气功管理中心的管理下,呈现良好运作形式,其日常管理模式逐步向社区管理转移,活动场所偏重于公共地域,社区在组织开展健身气功活动中还需加大管理力度。辅导员队伍在普及中具有重要作用,但其队伍建设和综合辅导能力还需提高。3)练习者在年龄和性别结构上,老年人明显多于其他人群,女性比例远高于男性。从学历上看,高素质人才的健身意识在健身气功的练习上反应淡漠。4)健身气功参赛水平较高,开展的活动形式丰富,练习者除了日常的练习外,还积极参与各级政府或社区举办的比赛表演活动,为健身气功的宣传和推广起到了积极意义。5)居民参加健身气功运动的总体情况一般,练习者练功目的不尽相同,对健身气功作用有多方面的认识,但还不完整;健身气功练习者对开展健身气功健身活动的要求与愿望集中反映在：开展健身气功健身知识教育、加强健身气功宣传和普及工作和有健身气功专业辅导老师
Fitness Qigong, the spirit of our traditional national sports, is one of Chinese outstanding traditional health culture items. Basing on the exploring and classifying the exercising principles of Qigong, Fitness Qigong Management Center of State Sport General Administration have created a new way of exercising Fitness Qigong, which is charactered by easy to learn, soft and ease, restrained gas, and natural breathing.
This new exercising manner is very popular among the masses, and the popularization can enhance constitution of the masses, enrich their amateur cultural life. So the new way of exercising Fitness Qigong, with extensive mass basis and distinct features of the times, will play a very important role in the body-building of the nation.
With principle of combining theory and practice, using literature review, expert interview method, field survey, questionnaire, etc, focusing on the Lanzhou Fitness Qigong Station in Gansu province, we have carried out the investigation of the condition of fitness Qigong station in Lanzhou city, the status of instructors, the person in charge, and the practice groups. This paper has drawn out conclusions shown below:
1) The activities of fitness Qigong in Lanzhou have reached large scale and have a broad mass basis, which can be proved by the number of participants, the distribution regions, the enthusiasm of praetitioners and their development degree.
2) This activities have shown a certain feature of being well organized, there are forty guidance stations covering five districts and three counties around Lanzhou city. Under the management of Qigong Administration Center in the city, these stations, whose venues centralize on public places, operate well; now its daily management eventually focuses on the community management which still needs improvement by more discussion. The instructor team has played an important role in the popularization of Fitness Qigong; however more efforts are needed to improve their quality.
3) The age structure of the practice group has shown features of old-type which means there are more old people than others; our research also has proved there are more women than man in the practice group; at the same time, we have found that more education one received, more indifferent he will show in the practice of fitness Qigong.
4) This research has found the high-level trait of fitness Qigong in Lanzhou city, featured by abundant form of activity. Besides daily practice, this group also actively participates in competitions and performs at all levels. and they have played a positive role in the propaganda and promotion of Tai Chi.
5) The overall situation of fitness Qigong practice is not very satisfying since many participants have an incomplete understanding on this sport and they also have too many motives.
According to our research, the requirement and aspiration of the community practice group mainly focuses on carrying out the education of fitness Qigong knowledge, strengthening the propaganda and promotion of fitness Qigong, and providing more professional instructors.
Fitness Qigong, the spirit of our traditional national sports, is one of Chinese outstanding traditional health culture items. Basing on the exploring and classifying the exercising principles of Qigong, Fitness Qigong Management Center of State Sport General Administration have created a new way of exercising Fitness Qigong, which is charactered by easy to learn, soft and ease, restrained gas, and natural breathing.
This new exercising manner is very popular among the masses, and the popularization can enhance constitution of the masses, enrich their amateur cultural life. So the new way of exercising Fitness Qigong, with extensive mass basis and distinct features of the times, will play a very important role in the body-building of the nation.
With principle of combining theory and practice, using literature review, expert interview method, field survey, questionnaire, etc, focusing on the Lanzhou Fitness Qigong Station in Gansu province, we have carried out the investigation of the condition of fitness Qigong station in Lanzhou city, the status of instructors, the person in charge, and the practice groups. This paper has drawn out conclusions shown below:
1) The activities of fitness Qigong in Lanzhou have reached large scale and have a broad mass basis, which can be proved by the number of participants, the distribution regions, the enthusiasm of praetitioners and their development degree.
2) This activities have shown a certain feature of being well organized, there are forty guidance stations covering five districts and three counties around Lanzhou city. Under the management of Qigong Administration Center in the city, these stations, whose venues centralize on public places, operate well; now its daily management eventually focuses on the community management which still needs improvement by more discussion. The instructor team has played an important role in the popularization of Fitness Qigong; however more efforts are needed to improve their quality.
3) The age structure of the practice group has shown features of old-type which means there are more old people than others; our research also has proved there are more women than man in the practice group; at the same time, we have found that more education one received, more indifferent he will show in the practice of fitness Qigong.
4) This research has found the high-level trait of fitness Qigong in Lanzhou city, featured by abundant form of activity. Besides daily practice, this group also actively participates in competitions and performs at all levels. and they have played a positive role in the propaganda and promotion of Tai Chi.
5) The overall situation of fitness Qigong practice is not very satisfying since many participants have an incomplete understanding on this sport and they also have too many motives.
According to our research, the requirement and aspiration of the community practice group mainly focuses on carrying out the education of fitness Qigong knowledge, strengthening the propaganda and promotion of fitness Qigong, and providing more professional instructors.
引文
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[5]胡晓飞.侯恩毅.庄永吕.孙志刚.对我国近20年健身气功科研状况的调查与分析[J].北京体育大学学报,2006(8)：1048-1050
[6]刘先萍.王震.近五年健身气功实验研究述评[J].搏击·武术科学,2009.1
[7]姚琼,左家伟,牛爱军.体育院校开设健身气功课程的现状调查及对策研究[J].广州体育学院学报,2006
[8]岳贞淑.体育院校开设四种健身气功的课程标准研究：[硕士学位论文].北京：北京体育大学,2006
[9]冯要辉.河南省健身气功在广场体育中的发展潜力研究[J].四川教育学院学报,2009.2
[10]吕韶钧,彭芳,邝华利.现代健身气功的传播策略[J].北京体育大学学报,2005.8
[11]崔永胜,虞定海.健身气功·五禽戏锻炼对中老年女性身心健康的影响,北京体育大学学报,2004,Vol.27(11)1504-1506
[12]邝华利,上海、江西、山东、重庆四省市健身气功活动站点社区管理的研究：[硕士学位论文].北京：北京体育大学,2005
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[15]国家体育总局健身气功管理中心《健身气功管理暂行办法》2000
[16]王沂.关于健身气功若干问题的思考[J].搏击·武术科学,2007.2：82-83
[17]王利芬.论基于学位本质的学位制度改革[J].现代大学教育,2008,3
[18]郭强.健身气功在城镇居民健身运动中可持续发展的研究：[硕士学位论文].武汉：武汉体育学院,2008
[19]华桦.健身气功在英国开展的现状调查及对策研究[J].武汉体育学院学报,2009.
[20]任颖慧,杨润琴.健身气功与现代人的心理健康[J].搏击·武术科学,2000
[21]陈玲.辽宁省沈阳市中老年人太极拳开展现状及对策[D],西北师范大学,2007
[22]魏开源.健身气功与现代瑜伽之比较研究[J].搏击武术科学,2011.vol：8(2)
[23]郭芳芳.论健身气功与和谐社会[J].搏击武术科学,2010.4
[24]李强.岭南特色健身文化个案研究——广州市健身气功开展状况[J].武汉体育学院学报,2008.7
[25]刘祥燕.大连市健身气功俱乐部运行模式的研究[D].辽宁师范大学,2010
[26]赵洪毅.浅析贵阳市健身气功现状与发展对策[J],贵阳科技体育.2010.2
[27]刘莉.新时期中国气功社团发展研究[D],北京体育大学.2005
[28]虞定海.健身气功推广模式的构建研究[R].北京：国家体育总局健身气功管理中心2007
[29]蒋莹.湖北省农村健身气功站点现状与发展战略研究[D].武汉体育学院,2010
[30]张立军.大连市健身气功开展现状研究[D].辽宁师范大学,2010
[31]于强国.山西省健身气功的发展对策研究[J].山西大同大学学报自然科学版,2011.vo127：1
[32]陈琦.从终身体育思想审视我国学校体育的改革与发展.[博士学位论文].北京：北京体育大学,2002
[33]廖玉美.从中医学角度浅谈新编“健身气功·八段锦”的功理与作用,搏击·武术科学,2009,1：80
[34]邱不相,石爱桥等.中国传统体育养生学[M].北京：人民体育出版社,2007.9
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