生物滤池与膜生物反应器处理微污染源水对比试验研究
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摘要
随着水体污染的加剧,生物处理工艺在微污染水源水处理中的应用逐渐受到人们重视。对松花江水质调查分析表明,松花江微污染水源水水质污染物主要以氨氮、高锰酸盐指数、苯乙烯为主。本文采用三种生物处理工艺:生物活性炭滤池、生物沸石滤池以及膜生物反应器(MBR),考察了对污染物氨氮、高锰酸盐指数、DOC、苯乙烯和硝基苯的去除效果,并从技术经济上对比了生物活性炭滤池和微滤膜生物反应器的应用前景。
试验结果表明,生物沸石滤池启动时期对氨氮去除率高达90%以上,随着运行时间的延长,去除率呈现逐渐降低的趋势,运行后期由于生物作用,氨氮去除率稳定在20~30%左右;对高锰酸盐指数平均去除率为17.04%;对苯乙烯去除率达到74.3%;基本不能去除硝基苯。生物活性炭滤池对氨氮去除率保持在40%左右;与生物沸石滤池相比,活性炭滤池对高锰酸盐指数有较高的去除率;对苯乙烯和硝基苯去除率均在95%以上。
本文对生物滤池亚硝酸盐积累问题进行了探讨,研究得出进水氨氮浓度,pH值以及溶解氧是影响亚硝酸盐积累的关键因素。pH值超过7.6,亚硝酸盐沿着水流方向呈逐渐增加的趋势,pH值在8.0附近,亚硝酸盐积累出现最大值;进水氨氮浓度为超过4mg/L时,能明显的观察到亚硝酸盐积累;气水同向流时,进水溶解氧越低,亚硝酸盐积累现象越明显;气水逆向流时,基本上不会发生亚硝酸盐积累;在相同条件下,生物沸石滤柱中亚硝酸盐积累更为严重,通常是生物活性炭滤柱亚硝酸盐增加值的2~3倍。
MBR工艺具有较长的污泥停留时间,使得硝化细菌能够成为优势菌种,因此有很高的氨氮去除率,并且不会发生亚硝酸盐积累,膜孔的截留作用以及MBR反应池内大量微生物的吸附和降解作用,保证了MBR对有机物良好的去除效果,生物作用以及曝气吹脱作用使得MBR对苯乙烯和硝基苯基本能完全去除。
经济技术分析表明,以12000m3/d为设计流量,生物活性炭滤池工艺和MBR工艺的吨水投资分别为140.08元/t、714.10元/t;单位制水成本分别为0.106元/m3、0.508元/m3。在工程总投资中,活性炭滤料和膜组件的购置费占的比例较大,分别为38.4%和87.5%,昂贵的组件材料成本限制了两种工艺的广泛推广。MBR工艺对污染物去除效果有着一般生物处理无可比拟的优势;从经济上考虑,目前生物滤池去除微污染源水污染物较有优势。
The continuous deterioration of water environment presents great difficulties and challenges to the capability and performance of conventional water treatment processes, therefore, broad concern has been obtained on biotreatment of micro-polluted source water. The research on the water quality of Songhuajiang river demonstrated that the main pollutants of this river are ammonia, permanganate index and styrene. In order to evaluate the efficiency on organic pollutant removal, three biotreatment processes, including bacterial activated carbon (BAC) filtration treatment, bacterial zeolite filtration treatment and membrane bioreactor (MBR), were employed in our experiments. In the mean time, application prospects of the two biotreatments, BAC filtration and MBR, were contrasted from angles of economic and technical.
The results demonstrated that the efficiency of ammonia removal on bacterial zeolite filtration was higher than 90% during the start-up, along with the running time extension, the removal rate of ammonia decreased gradually, due to the adsorption and biodegradation of ammonia by bacterial, the removal rate kept at 20~30% after two-month running; the average removal rate on the permanganate index and styrene were 17.04% and 74.3%, respectively; there was almost no nitrobenzene removal rate on bacterial zeolite filtration. The removal rate of ammonia on BAC filtration kept at 40% around; compared to the bacterial zeolite filtration, BAC filtration had higher removal rate of permanganate index, styrene and nitrobenzene.
Nitrite accumulation was studied in this paper. Influent NH4+-N concentration, pH value, and dissolved oxygen are three important influencing factors for nitrite accumulation. This paper will discuss the trends of nitrite generation affected by each of the three factors: when pH value is over 7.6, nitrite concentration increases in the column along the water-flow direction, and nitrite concentration arrives at the maximum value when pH is up to 8.0; nitrite accumulation could be observed obviously when NH4+-N concentration is higher than 4mg/L; in air-water cocurrent fashion, with the decrease of influent dissolved oxygen, the nitrite accumulation becomes gradually obvious, while in
试验结果表明,生物沸石滤池启动时期对氨氮去除率高达90%以上,随着运行时间的延长,去除率呈现逐渐降低的趋势,运行后期由于生物作用,氨氮去除率稳定在20~30%左右;对高锰酸盐指数平均去除率为17.04%;对苯乙烯去除率达到74.3%;基本不能去除硝基苯。生物活性炭滤池对氨氮去除率保持在40%左右;与生物沸石滤池相比,活性炭滤池对高锰酸盐指数有较高的去除率;对苯乙烯和硝基苯去除率均在95%以上。
本文对生物滤池亚硝酸盐积累问题进行了探讨,研究得出进水氨氮浓度,pH值以及溶解氧是影响亚硝酸盐积累的关键因素。pH值超过7.6,亚硝酸盐沿着水流方向呈逐渐增加的趋势,pH值在8.0附近,亚硝酸盐积累出现最大值;进水氨氮浓度为超过4mg/L时,能明显的观察到亚硝酸盐积累;气水同向流时,进水溶解氧越低,亚硝酸盐积累现象越明显;气水逆向流时,基本上不会发生亚硝酸盐积累;在相同条件下,生物沸石滤柱中亚硝酸盐积累更为严重,通常是生物活性炭滤柱亚硝酸盐增加值的2~3倍。
MBR工艺具有较长的污泥停留时间,使得硝化细菌能够成为优势菌种,因此有很高的氨氮去除率,并且不会发生亚硝酸盐积累,膜孔的截留作用以及MBR反应池内大量微生物的吸附和降解作用,保证了MBR对有机物良好的去除效果,生物作用以及曝气吹脱作用使得MBR对苯乙烯和硝基苯基本能完全去除。
经济技术分析表明,以12000m3/d为设计流量,生物活性炭滤池工艺和MBR工艺的吨水投资分别为140.08元/t、714.10元/t;单位制水成本分别为0.106元/m3、0.508元/m3。在工程总投资中,活性炭滤料和膜组件的购置费占的比例较大,分别为38.4%和87.5%,昂贵的组件材料成本限制了两种工艺的广泛推广。MBR工艺对污染物去除效果有着一般生物处理无可比拟的优势;从经济上考虑,目前生物滤池去除微污染源水污染物较有优势。
The continuous deterioration of water environment presents great difficulties and challenges to the capability and performance of conventional water treatment processes, therefore, broad concern has been obtained on biotreatment of micro-polluted source water. The research on the water quality of Songhuajiang river demonstrated that the main pollutants of this river are ammonia, permanganate index and styrene. In order to evaluate the efficiency on organic pollutant removal, three biotreatment processes, including bacterial activated carbon (BAC) filtration treatment, bacterial zeolite filtration treatment and membrane bioreactor (MBR), were employed in our experiments. In the mean time, application prospects of the two biotreatments, BAC filtration and MBR, were contrasted from angles of economic and technical.
The results demonstrated that the efficiency of ammonia removal on bacterial zeolite filtration was higher than 90% during the start-up, along with the running time extension, the removal rate of ammonia decreased gradually, due to the adsorption and biodegradation of ammonia by bacterial, the removal rate kept at 20~30% after two-month running; the average removal rate on the permanganate index and styrene were 17.04% and 74.3%, respectively; there was almost no nitrobenzene removal rate on bacterial zeolite filtration. The removal rate of ammonia on BAC filtration kept at 40% around; compared to the bacterial zeolite filtration, BAC filtration had higher removal rate of permanganate index, styrene and nitrobenzene.
Nitrite accumulation was studied in this paper. Influent NH4+-N concentration, pH value, and dissolved oxygen are three important influencing factors for nitrite accumulation. This paper will discuss the trends of nitrite generation affected by each of the three factors: when pH value is over 7.6, nitrite concentration increases in the column along the water-flow direction, and nitrite concentration arrives at the maximum value when pH is up to 8.0; nitrite accumulation could be observed obviously when NH4+-N concentration is higher than 4mg/L; in air-water cocurrent fashion, with the decrease of influent dissolved oxygen, the nitrite accumulation becomes gradually obvious, while in
引文
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