摘要
以4周龄邵伯鸡为研究素材,随机将其分为4组(分别记为试验1、2、3、4组),每组80只(公、母各半),4~7周龄时试验1~4组日粮蛋白质水平分别为20%、18.5%、17%和15.5%,8~10周龄试验1~4组日粮蛋白质水平分别为18%、17%、16%和14.5%,探讨不同日粮蛋白质水平对邵伯鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和胸肌肌苷酸及脂肪含量的影响。结果表明:
1、10周龄时试验1、2、3组间体重差异不显著(P>0.05);试验3组与试验4组间体重差异不显著(P>0.05),试验1组和试验2组体重极显著高于试验4组(P<0.01)。
2、利用Logistic曲线拟合邵伯鸡生长规律,其拟合度(R~2)为0.9974,说明用Logistic曲线方程能很好地拟合邵伯鸡的生长过程。
3、10周龄时试验1~3组与试验4组屠体重差异极显著(P<0.01),试验1组与试验2组、试验1组与试验3组间屠体重差异显著(P<0.05);试验1组与试验4组半净膛重差异显著(P<0.05);试验1组与试验3组、4组全净膛重差异极显著(P<0.01),试验2组与试验4组差异显著(P<0.05);不同试验组胸肌重差异不显著(P>0.05),试验1组与试验2组、3组腿肌重差异显著(P<0.05),试验1组与试验4组差异极显著(P<0.01);试验2组与试验3组皮下脂肪厚差异显著(P<0.05),试验1组与试验3、4组以及试验2组与试验4组差异极显著(P<0.01);各组间腹脂重和肌间脂肪带宽度差异不显著(P>0.05)。
4、10周龄活重、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、胸肌重、腿肌重间相关极显著(P<0.01),但这些性状与肌肉脂肪含量以及皮下脂肪厚间的相关不显著(P>0.05)。公鸡和母鸡各屠宰性能间相关存在较大差异,与全群各屠宰性能间相关也存在较大的差别,总体而言其相关程度小于全群。
5、10周龄时试验1组与试验3、4组间肌肉脂肪含量差异显著(P<0.05),其它各组间差异不显著(P>0.05),不同性别间肌肉脂肪含量差异不显著(P>0.05),肌肉脂肪含量以试验3组为最高;不同试验组间肌肉肌苷酸含量差异不显著,(P>0.05),说明不同蛋白质水平日粮对肌肉内肌苷酸含量无显著影响。
Shaobai chickens at the age of 4 weeks were randomly divided into group 1, 2, 3,and 4, and each group was 80 chickens which had 40 male and 40 female chickens. Thechickens of group 1, 2, 3 and 4 were fed the diets which protein levels were 20%,18.5%, 17.0%and 15.5%respectively at 4~7 weeks of age, and the diets which proteinlevels were 18%, 17%,16%and 14%respectively at 8~10 weeks of age. Productionperformance, slaughter traits, inosinic acid content and content of breast muscle fat atdifferent dietary protein levels were measured. The results showed that:
1. There were no significant differences of body weights among group 1, 2 and 3chickens at 10 weeks of age (P>0.05). Body weights of group 4 were no significantdifference than that of group 3 (P>0.05), and extremely significant higher than that ofgroup 1 and 2 (P<0.01).
2. The growth law of Shaobai chickens was studied using logistic curve, and thecoefficient of determination of the logistic model (R~2) was 0.9974. The result indicatedthe logistic curve could fit Shaobai chickens very well.
3. The weights of dressed chickens of group 1, 2 and 3 were extremely significanthigher than that of group 4 at 10 weeks of age(P<0.01). The weights of dressed chickensof group 1 were significant higher than that of group 2 and3 at 10 weeks of age(P<0.05).There was significant difference of half-eviscerated weight between group 1 and group 4(P<0.05). There were significant difference of eviscerated weight between groupl andgroup 3, 4 (P<0.01). Eviscerated weight of group 2 was significant difference than thatof group 4 (P<0.05). There were no significant differences of weights of breast muscleamong group 1, 2, 3 and 4 (P>0.05). Weights of leg muscle of group 1 were significantdifferences than that of group 2, 3 (P<0.05), and extremely significant difference thanthat of group 4 (P<0.01). Skin fat thickness of group 2 was significant difference than that of group3 (P<0.05), and extremely significant difference than that of group 4(P<0.01). Skin fat thickness of group 1 was extremely significant difference than thatof group 3 and 4 (P<0.01). There were no significant differences of weights ofabdominal fat and width of breast muscle fat strip among four groups (P>0.05).
4. There were extremely significant correlation among live body weight, weight ofdressed chicken, half-eviscerated weight, eviscerated weight, breast muscle weight andleg muscle weight of Shaobai chicken at 10 weeks of age, and there were no significantcorrelation between those characters and content of breast muscle, skin fat thickness(P>0.05). The correlations of slaughter traits in male group was different than that offemale group, which were smaller than that of whole group.
5. Content of breast muscle fat in group 1 was significant difference than that ingroup 3 and 4 (P<0.05) at 10 weeks of age. There was no significant difference betweencontent of breast muscle fat in male and that in female (P>0.05). Content of breastmuscle fat in group 3 was the highest among four groups. There were no significantdifferences of inosinic acid content among four groups(P>0.05). The result reflected thatdietary protein levels did not effect on inosinic acid content.
引文
[1] 燕海峰,肖兵南,Trefil P.家禽种质资源保存保存研究.畜禽业,2003,(8):21-23.
[2] 吴常信.优质鸡生产中杂种优势利用的相关问题.中国家禽,1999,21(5):1-2.
[3] 韦凤英.优质鸡营养与配方研究的进展.广西畜牧兽医,2000,16(5):40-42.
[4] 张德祥,杨山.我国优质鸡育种的现状及展望.黑龙江畜牧兽医,1998,(8):44-45.
[5] 邱祥聘,嘉勇.优质肉鸡的内涵和改良之我见.徐是雄.第一届优质鸡的改良生产及发展研讨会论文集.香港:香港大学嘉道理农业研究所,1989.
[6] 赵河山,张德祥,杨山.优质鸡育种的肉质问题.冯玉兰,王光英.第五届优质鸡的改良生产及发展研讨会论文集.福州:福建省农业科学院,1998:97-99.
[7] 我国国内优质鸡产业发展态势.浙江农业信息网,http://www.zjagri.gov.cn/html/main/analyseView/2006012533694.html.
[8] 打造中国特色的优质鸡产业.中国农产品供求信息网.http://www.agrisd.gov.cn/info/list.asp?id=21265.
[9] 康相涛.我国优质鸡发展现状与展望.河南畜牧兽医,2003,24(1):4-5.
[10] 王金玉,等.动物育种原理与方法.南京:东南大学出版社,1994.
[11] 盛志廉,吴常信.数量遗传学.北京:中国农业出版社,1994:104.
[12] 邱聘山,杨山,等.家禽学.第3版.成都:四川科学技术出版社,1993.
[13] 黄涛,陈喜斌,刘华贵,等.鸡肉风味品质的评定指标(体系)研究.2004,(4):32-36.
[14] 徐琪,谢恺舟,王克华,等.仙居鸡和固始鸡胸肌肌苷酸含量的分析.扬州大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2004,25(1):15-17.
[15] 李慧芳,陈宽维.不同鸡种肌肉肌苷酸和脂肪含量的比较.扬州大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2004,25(3):9-11.
[16] 陈国宏,侯水生,吴信生,等.中国部分地方鸡肌肉肌苷酸含量研究.畜牧兽医学报,2000,31(3):211-215.
[17] 苏一军,李慧芳,沈晓鹏,等.不同类型鸡肌肉肌苷酸含量分析和比较.2002,24(23):9-10.
[18] 黄秀清,黄建斌,翁志铿,等.5种不同类型地方鸡种肉用性能及肉质的研究.福 建农业学报,2000,15(1):35-39.
[19] 陈宽维,李慧芳,张学余,等.肉鸡肌纤维与肉质关系研究.中国畜牧杂志,2002,38(6):6-7.
[20] 陈润生.猪生产学.北京:中国农业出版社,1995:165-171.
[21] 井文倩.李同树.高秀华.肉鸡脂肪沉积及营养调控.山东畜牧兽医,2001,(1):35-36.
[22] 陈继兰,方丽,等.石岐黄鸡不同日粮下能量利用.畜禽业,1999,(4):16-19.
[23] 李俊波,左绍群,张克英.生长前期丝羽鸟骨鸡饲粮适宜能量、蛋白水平研究.动物营养学报,2000,12(3):37-43.
[24] 蒋守群,丁发源,林映才,等.饲粮能量水平对0~21日龄黄羽肉鸡生产性能、胴体品质和体组成的影响.广东饲料,2002,11(3):17-19.
[25] 张顺珍,包承玉,邵春荣,等.饲粮营养水平对3个地方品种鸡生长性能及屠体品质的影响.江苏农业学报,1998,14(3):174-178.
[26] 杨烨,李忠荣,冯玉兰.河田鸡日粮能量和粗蛋白质水平的研究.福建农业学报,2001,16(1):42-48.
[27] 宋素芳,康相涛,田亚东.等.0~4周龄固始鸡能量和蛋白质需要量研究.中国农业科学,2003,36(8):976-980.
[28] 康相涛,田亚东,竹学军.5~8周龄固始鸡能量和蛋白质需要量的研究.中国畜牧杂志,2002,(5):3-6.
[29] 梁远东,吴宝媚,覃春丽,等.日粮营养水平对地方品种鸡生长发育的影响.中国饲料,2003,(17):14-16.
[30] 峗新跃,陈中华,谢建华,等.广‘西玉林地方鸡种适宜能量和蛋白质需要的研究.广西畜牧兽医,2001,17(4):3-5.
[31] 陈继兰,侯永生,吕连山,等.石岐黄肉鸡前期生长规律及其对口粮能量、蛋白质、总含硫氨基酸和赖氨酸需要量的研究.动物营养学报,1997,9(3):63-64.
[32] 田亚东,康相涛.9~12周龄固始鸡的能量和蛋白质需要量研究.中国家禽,2004,8(1):145-148.
[33] 邓雪娟,康相涛,孙桂荣,等.6~18周龄固始鸡G_2系日粮中适宜蛋白质水平的研究.饲料工业,2004,25(4):32-34.
[34] 姚元枝,贺建华.生长前期雪峰鸟骨鸡饲粮适宜蛋氨酸水平的研究.怀化学院学报,24(5):92-95.
[35] 苏基双,刘汉林,梁琳,等.黄羽肉鸡铜铁锰锌需要量的研究.中国饲料,1999,(2):12-14.
[36] 蒋桂韬,戴求仲,胡艳.日粮纤维水平对湘黄鸡胴体品质和内脏器官相对重量的影响.湖南饲料,2005,(5):26-28.
[37] 赵芸君,文杰,陈继兰.等.黄羽肉鸡育肥期维生素A、E适宜添加量研究.畜牧兽医学报,2005,36(7):654-660.
[38] 潘珂,欧阳建华,林树茂,等.江苏地方鸡种肉品质的比较研究.动物科学与动物医学,2000,17(1):24-25.
[39] 王志祥,马秋刚,关舒,等.地方鸡种固始鸡与快大型肉鸡肉质性状的比较研究.中国农业大学学报,2005,10(3):48-51.
[40] 刘定发,林勇,蒋隽,等.性别对优质黄羽肉鸡屠体性状和肌肉品质的影响.中国畜牧兽医,2005,32(11):23-25.
[41] 张细权.不同饲养方式下鸡肉品质主要性能的研究.养禽与禽病防治,2002,(12):4-5
[42] 葛剑,谷子林.不同饲养方式对河北柴鸡产蛋未期生产性能和鸡蛋品质的影响.黑龙江畜牧兽医,2005,(7):28-29.
[43] 欧阳克蕙,王文君,林树茂,等.不同营养水平对崇仁麻鸡不同阶段生产性能和胴体化学组成的影响.中国畜牧杂志,2004,40(3):27-29.
[44] Laird, a. k., Postnatal growth of birds and mammals. Growth, 1996, 30:349~248.
[45] Ricklefs, R. Y., Modifiication of growth and development of muscles of poultry, Poultry Science, 1985:1563-1576.
[46] 贾汝敏,王润莲,杨茂东.碳酸氢钠对高温下珍珠鸡生产性能及血液值的影响.湛江海洋大学学报,1999,(6):63-65.
[47] Cabel M C, Waleroup P W. Effect of dietary protein level and length of feeding on performance and abdominal fat content of broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 1991, 70: 1550-1558.
[48] 周安国,漆良国,刘永前.日粮粗蛋白质水平对肉鸭生长和体组成影响的研究. 四川农业大学学报,1995,13(3):321-326.
[49] 孙玉民,罗明.畜禽肉品学.济南:山东科学技术出版社,1993.
[50] 胡慰望,谢笔钧.食品化学.北京:科学出版社,1992.
[51] 黄涛,陈喜斌,刘华贵,等.鸡肉风味品质的评定指标(体系)研究.肉类工业,2004,(4):32-36.
[52] 黄梅南,孙树侠.我国优质黄羽肉鸡风味理化特性研究.优质黄羽肉鸡品系选育和配套研究论文集.北京:中国农业科学院畜牧研究所,1996:198-206.
[53] 李德发.产品品质的营养代谢与调控(摘要).中国畜牧兽医学会2003年学会年会论文集,2003:63-64.
[54] 张伟力.猪肉的风味.养猪,2003,(2):47-50.
[55] 侯生珍.肌肉内脂肪的研究进展.甘肃畜牧兽医,2000,(3):30-31.
[56] Mocormick R J. Extracellular modification to muscle collagen: Implication for meat quality. Poultry Science, 1999, 78: 785-786.
[57] 杨虹.猪肉和禽肉质量的营养调控.国外畜牧学——猪与禽,1998,(3):47-50.