基于IMT-Advanced系统的高铁窄波束基站天线研究
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摘要
IMT-Advanced系统,也称4G,即第四代移动通信系统,具有更大的系统容量和更高的数据速率。在慢移动和热点覆盖场景下可以达到1Gbps的峰值速率,在高速移动和广域覆盖场景下可以达到1OOMbps的峰值速率。届时,IMT-Advanced系统可以支持更广泛的业务应用,提供更高质量的通信服务。
作为通信系统的特殊应用场景一高铁运行环境,由于列车的高速移动,对通信系统提出了更高的要求。为了能够解决通信系统中出现的掉话、不能正常呼叫等问题,通常在铁路沿线安装窄波束天线,以达到对铁路沿线进行链状覆盖的效果,来由此改善通信质量。窄波束基站天线作为高铁通信中一个不可或缺的部分,发挥着重要的作用。因此,研究基于IMT-Advanced系统的窄波束基站天线具有重要意义。
本文首先总结了常用于基站天线的单元形式,最终采用印刷偶极子天线作为高铁天线单元,采用基于有限元的仿真软件对印刷偶极子天线单元进行仿真分析,进而确定整个设计方案。接着在印刷偶极子天线单元上,通过切角、弯折、改变巴伦宽度等形式,扩展了单元天线的带宽。仿真结果表明,该双极化天线单元在1.71-2.69GHz的频率范围内,驻波比小于1.5,隔离度大于28dB,满足通信行业标准。接着分析了单元天线的辐射方向图。结果显示,该天线单元具有较好的水平面辐射特性。
接下来分析了两种实现窄波束的方法：采用带抛物柱面的反射板与水平面组阵,最终采用水平面组阵的方式来实现所需的方向图。再根据所需的增益和垂直面波束宽度,在垂直面采用6个单元来满足垂直面方向图要求。仿真结果表明,在垂直面和水平面,该阵列天线均能得到较好地辐射性能,达到了设计的要求。
最后,对天线的各项指标进行综合考虑,包括驻波比、隔离度、交叉极化比、前后比、水平面波束宽度,仿真得出最优模型,完成了整个基站天线设计。
IMT-Advanced systems, also called4G, are the fourth generation mobile communication systems, which possess bigger system capacity and higher data rate. The peak rate of1Gbps is achieved in low speed condition or the hotspot coverage place.100Mbps is realized in high speed condition or the wide area coverage scene. At that time, IMT-Advanced systems can support a wider range of business applications, and provide higher quality communications service.
The environment high speed train running in is a special communication field. Higher requirements for communication system are put forward because of the high-speed movement of the train. In order to solve the problems of dropping calls and failed calls in the communication system, the narrow beam antenna was usually installed along the railway. This can improve the quality of communication with covering in chain along the railway. Thus, the narrow beam base station antenna is an integral part of high-speed rail communication.So the study of the narrow beam base station antenna based on IMT-Advanced system is very important.
This paper summarizes the common unit forms used in the base station antenna.Then the printed dipole antenna is used as a high-speed rail antenna unit. The antenna is simulated and analyzed with the electromagnetic simulation software, which is based on FEM. Following that, the project of entire base station antenna design is determined. The antenna's bandwidth is expanded by cutting corner, bending and changing the balun's width. The simulation results show that the dual-polarized antenna element owns the performance:in the1.71-2.69GHz frequency ranges VSWR less than1.5, isolation level more than28dB.The performance meets the communication industry standard. Then the antenna radiation pattern is analyzed. The results show that the antenna has a good horizontal plane radiation characteristic.
Two methods realized narrow beam width are analyzed:using reflector with parabolic cylinder and arraying in the horizontal plane. The way arraying in horizontal plane is used to achieve the desired pattern at last. According to the desired gain and vertical beam width, six units are used to meet the vertical plane radiation. The simulation results show that the array owns good radiation performance in the vertical and horizontal plane.The array meets the design requirements.
Finally, taking into the VSWR, port isolation, beam width, antenna gain, cross-polarization ratio, front to back ratio of the base antenna, the optimal parameters of the array is determined with simulating, the design and research of the entire dual polarized base station antenna is completed.
作为通信系统的特殊应用场景一高铁运行环境,由于列车的高速移动,对通信系统提出了更高的要求。为了能够解决通信系统中出现的掉话、不能正常呼叫等问题,通常在铁路沿线安装窄波束天线,以达到对铁路沿线进行链状覆盖的效果,来由此改善通信质量。窄波束基站天线作为高铁通信中一个不可或缺的部分,发挥着重要的作用。因此,研究基于IMT-Advanced系统的窄波束基站天线具有重要意义。
本文首先总结了常用于基站天线的单元形式,最终采用印刷偶极子天线作为高铁天线单元,采用基于有限元的仿真软件对印刷偶极子天线单元进行仿真分析,进而确定整个设计方案。接着在印刷偶极子天线单元上,通过切角、弯折、改变巴伦宽度等形式,扩展了单元天线的带宽。仿真结果表明,该双极化天线单元在1.71-2.69GHz的频率范围内,驻波比小于1.5,隔离度大于28dB,满足通信行业标准。接着分析了单元天线的辐射方向图。结果显示,该天线单元具有较好的水平面辐射特性。
接下来分析了两种实现窄波束的方法：采用带抛物柱面的反射板与水平面组阵,最终采用水平面组阵的方式来实现所需的方向图。再根据所需的增益和垂直面波束宽度,在垂直面采用6个单元来满足垂直面方向图要求。仿真结果表明,在垂直面和水平面,该阵列天线均能得到较好地辐射性能,达到了设计的要求。
最后,对天线的各项指标进行综合考虑,包括驻波比、隔离度、交叉极化比、前后比、水平面波束宽度,仿真得出最优模型,完成了整个基站天线设计。
IMT-Advanced systems, also called4G, are the fourth generation mobile communication systems, which possess bigger system capacity and higher data rate. The peak rate of1Gbps is achieved in low speed condition or the hotspot coverage place.100Mbps is realized in high speed condition or the wide area coverage scene. At that time, IMT-Advanced systems can support a wider range of business applications, and provide higher quality communications service.
The environment high speed train running in is a special communication field. Higher requirements for communication system are put forward because of the high-speed movement of the train. In order to solve the problems of dropping calls and failed calls in the communication system, the narrow beam antenna was usually installed along the railway. This can improve the quality of communication with covering in chain along the railway. Thus, the narrow beam base station antenna is an integral part of high-speed rail communication.So the study of the narrow beam base station antenna based on IMT-Advanced system is very important.
This paper summarizes the common unit forms used in the base station antenna.Then the printed dipole antenna is used as a high-speed rail antenna unit. The antenna is simulated and analyzed with the electromagnetic simulation software, which is based on FEM. Following that, the project of entire base station antenna design is determined. The antenna's bandwidth is expanded by cutting corner, bending and changing the balun's width. The simulation results show that the dual-polarized antenna element owns the performance:in the1.71-2.69GHz frequency ranges VSWR less than1.5, isolation level more than28dB.The performance meets the communication industry standard. Then the antenna radiation pattern is analyzed. The results show that the antenna has a good horizontal plane radiation characteristic.
Two methods realized narrow beam width are analyzed:using reflector with parabolic cylinder and arraying in the horizontal plane. The way arraying in horizontal plane is used to achieve the desired pattern at last. According to the desired gain and vertical beam width, six units are used to meet the vertical plane radiation. The simulation results show that the array owns good radiation performance in the vertical and horizontal plane.The array meets the design requirements.
Finally, taking into the VSWR, port isolation, beam width, antenna gain, cross-polarization ratio, front to back ratio of the base antenna, the optimal parameters of the array is determined with simulating, the design and research of the entire dual polarized base station antenna is completed.
引文
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[27]陈强.多频嵌套基站天线的研究与设计[D].硕士学位论文,华南理工大学，2012
[28]薛正辉,李伟明,任武.阵列天线分析与综合[M].北京：北京航天航空大学出版社
[29]B.Edward and D.Rees. A broadband printed dipole with integrated balun[J]. Microw.J.,1987,30(5):339-334
[30]R. L. Li, B. Pan, T. Wu, et al. A broadband printed dipole and a printed Array for Base station application[J].IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Int Symt,2008:1-4
[31]周占伟,杨仕文,聂在平.S波段宽带低交叉极化印刷偶极子阵列天线的设计[J].电波科学学报,2008,23(2)：280-283
[32]李勇,江晖,王孝义等.带有新型寄生单元的印刷偶极子天线[J].电波科学学报,2008,23(6)：1183-1187
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[34]杨林,栗曦,杨彦炯.双频带巴伦馈电的宽带双频印刷偶极子设计[J].微波学报,2010：99-102
[35]黄宾虹.超宽频带双极化基站天线的设计研究[D].硕士学位论文,华南理工大学,2010
[36]Chih-Chiang Chen,Chow-Yen-Desmond Sim and Fu-Syuan Chen. A Novel Compact Quad-Band Narrow Strip-Loaded Printed Monopole Antenna[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propag. Lett.,2009(8):974-976
[37]Jiang Zhu, Marco A. and George V. A Compact Tri-Band Monopole Antenna With Single-Cell Metamaterial Loading[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propag. Lett.,2010,58(4):1031-1038
[38]Lin Peng, Cheng-Li Ruan, and Xiao-Hua Wu. Design and Operation of Dual/Triple-Band Asymmetric M-Shaped Microstrip Patch Antennas[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propag. Lett.,2010(9):1069-1072
[39]K. Oh and K. Hirasawa. A dual band inverted-L-folded antenna with a parasitic wire[A]. IEEE AP-S Digest[C].IEEE,2004:3131-3134
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[2]胡捍英,杨峰义.第三代移动通信系统[M].人民邮电出版社,2001
[3]江宇.移动通信技术发展的回顾和展望[J].科技资讯,2007(7)：48-49
[4]彭小平.浅析移动通信技术的演进[J].通信技术,2007(3)：16-18
[5]田金凤,郑小盈,胡月宏林.中国下一代移动通信研究[J].科学通报,2012,57(5)：299-313
[6]李世鹤TD-SCDMA第三代移动通信系统标准[M].第四版,人民邮电出版社,2004：1-4
[7]谢显中,雷维嘉IMT-Advanced标准发展分析[J].信息通信技术,2010：33-39
[8]唐友喜,易新平,邵士海.新一代移动通信系统— IMT-Advanced的特征[J].电子科技大学学报,2008,37(2)：161-167
[9]王丽,郎保真,刘琪.我国宽带移动通信未来频率需求及IMT频段分析[J].现代电信科技,2012(1)：1-6
[10]凌丽莎IMT-Advanced多用户系统级仿真平台与系统性能评估[D].硕士学位论文,北京邮电大学,2011
[11]Uhlirz, M. Concept of a GSM-based communication system for high-speed trains[A].1994 IEEE 44th Vehicular Technology Conference, Stockholm(2): 1130-1134
[12]张磊.GSM公众网高速铁路覆盖方案的研究[J].铁路通信信号工程技术,2009,6(3)：20-22
[13]Kohshi Abe, Tetsunori Hattori, Atsushi Ishiwata. A study on antennas for railway millimeter-wave radio communication system[A].1997 IEEE International Conference on Personal Wireless Communications:201-205
[14]尹嵩.GSM网络高铁专网设计及覆盖优化研究[D].硕士学位论文,北京邮电大,2012
[15]杜蔚,代明.高速铁路的无线网络覆盖[J].信息技术,2008(12)：29
[16]张荣涛.浅谈高铁专网规划设计[J].科技信息,2011(21)：524-528
[17]王蓓.青藏铁路GSM-R通信系统中干扰问题的分析与研究[D].硕士学位论文,北京交通大学,2008
[18]冯玉明.用于高速列车内GSM-R频段的宽带微带天线设计与研究[D].硕士学位论文,北京交通大学,2010
[19]常媛媛.八木天线的设计仿真与测试[D].硕士学位论文,北京交通大学,2006
[20]王显文.机车顶多部天线布局带来的互藕效应研究[D].硕士学位论文,北京交通大学,2010
[21]苏国生.高铁窄波束高增益双频天线设计[D].硕士学位论文,华南理工大学,2010
[22]Sanket S. Patel, Dr. Himanshu B. Soni. E-shaped Patch Antenna Analysis for Multiple Applications[A].20113rd International Conference on Electronics Computer Technology, Kanyakumari:258-263
[23]Wei Luo, Shiwen Yang and Zaiping Nie. A Wideband and Dual Polarization Base Station Antenna for IMT-Advanced System[A]. Cross Strait Quad-Regional Radio Science and Wireless Technology Conference, Harbin.2011:483-486
[24]YueHui Cui, RongLin Li. Novel Dual-Broadband Planar Antenna and Its Array for 2G/3G/LTE Base Stations[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2012,61 (3):1132-1139
[25]余金洪.基于IMT-Advanced系统的宽带基站天线阵列技术研究[D].硕士学位论文,电子科技大学,2011
[26]YD／T 1059-2004,移动通信系统基站天线[S].北京：信息产业部,2000
[27]陈强.多频嵌套基站天线的研究与设计[D].硕士学位论文,华南理工大学，2012
[28]薛正辉,李伟明,任武.阵列天线分析与综合[M].北京：北京航天航空大学出版社
[29]B.Edward and D.Rees. A broadband printed dipole with integrated balun[J]. Microw.J.,1987,30(5):339-334
[30]R. L. Li, B. Pan, T. Wu, et al. A broadband printed dipole and a printed Array for Base station application[J].IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Int Symt,2008:1-4
[31]周占伟,杨仕文,聂在平.S波段宽带低交叉极化印刷偶极子阵列天线的设计[J].电波科学学报,2008,23(2)：280-283
[32]李勇,江晖,王孝义等.带有新型寄生单元的印刷偶极子天线[J].电波科学学报,2008,23(6)：1183-1187
[33]彭超.一种用于无线局域网的双频带印刷偶极子天线[J].电子技术,2010,23(12)：27-29
[34]杨林,栗曦,杨彦炯.双频带巴伦馈电的宽带双频印刷偶极子设计[J].微波学报,2010：99-102
[35]黄宾虹.超宽频带双极化基站天线的设计研究[D].硕士学位论文,华南理工大学,2010
[36]Chih-Chiang Chen,Chow-Yen-Desmond Sim and Fu-Syuan Chen. A Novel Compact Quad-Band Narrow Strip-Loaded Printed Monopole Antenna[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propag. Lett.,2009(8):974-976
[37]Jiang Zhu, Marco A. and George V. A Compact Tri-Band Monopole Antenna With Single-Cell Metamaterial Loading[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propag. Lett.,2010,58(4):1031-1038
[38]Lin Peng, Cheng-Li Ruan, and Xiao-Hua Wu. Design and Operation of Dual/Triple-Band Asymmetric M-Shaped Microstrip Patch Antennas[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propag. Lett.,2010(9):1069-1072
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