哈尔滨市几种常用花灌木耐荫性的研究
摘要
本研究在野外调查的基础上，通过自然条件下的定点、定位观测及室内实验分析，运用形态解剖学、生理学的方法对哈尔滨市常用的七种花灌木(榆叶梅Prunus trilobaLindl、毛樱桃Prunus tomentosa Thunb、珍珠梅Sorbaria sorbitolia(L)A．Br．、偃伏梾木Cornus stolonifera．、紫丁香Syringa oblata Lindl．、暴马丁香Sringa reticulata Hara varmands huriea、东北山梅花Philadelphaceae schrenkii Rupr)的叶绿素(a+b)、叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量、叶片解剖结构(栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、叶片厚度)、光响应曲线(光补偿点、光饱和点、光饱和光合速率)等进行了系统性的研究，经比较分析得出：
1、七种花灌木的叶片解剖结构中叶片厚度、栅栏组织／海绵组织比值阳生叶明显高于阴生叶。
2、毛樱桃(Prunus tomentosa Thunb)、紫丁香(Syringa oblata Lindl)、珍珠梅(Sorbariasorbitolia(L)A．Br．)、暴马丁香(Syringa reticulata Hara var mands huriea)的栅栏组织相对比较发达，而东北山梅花(Philadelphaceae schrenkii Rupr)、偃伏梾木(Comusstolonifera．)、榆叶梅(Prunus triloba Lindl)的海绵组织相对较发达。
3、不同的光照环境对植物的叶绿素含量、叶片解剖结构的影响较大，同一种树种依光照环境的差异，叶绿素含量和叶片解剖结构也发生了相关性变化。
4、七种花灌木叶绿素含量中叶绿素(a+b)和叶绿素b的相对含量阴生叶表现出低于阳生叶趋势。
5、七种花灌木中东北山梅花(Philadelphaceae schrenkii Rupr)、暴马丁香(Syringareticulata Hara var mands huriea)的叶绿素(a+b)含量较高，叶绿素a／b值较低；珍珠梅(Sorbaria sorbitolia(L)A．Br．)的叶绿素(a+b)含量不是最高的而其叶绿素a／b值较低，叶绿素b的相对含量较高；偃伏梾木(Cornus stolonifera．)、毛樱桃(Prunus tomentosaThunb)、紫丁香(Syringa oblata Lindl)、榆叶梅(Prunus triloba Lindl)都有较高的叶绿素a／b值和较低的叶绿素6／(a+b)。
6、七种花灌木的光响应曲线表明：榆叶梅(Prunus triloba Lindl)、紫丁香(Sringaoblata Lindl)的光饱和点高，光补偿点高，光饱和光合速率也高；珍珠梅(Sorbariasorbitolia(L)A．Br．)、东北山梅花(Philadelphaceae schrenkii Rupr)的光饱和点、光补偿点、光饱和光合速率均较低；暴马丁香(Syringa reticulata Hara var mands huriea)的光补偿点较低，光饱和点适中，光饱和光合速率偏高。
7．经综合比较分析七种花灌木：榆叶梅(Prunus triloba Lindl)、紫丁香(Syringa oblataLindl)对强光的利用效率较高：偃伏梾木(Cornus stolonifera．)、毛樱桃(Prunus tomentosaThunb)次之；东北山梅花(Philadelphaceae schrenkii Rupr)和珍珠梅(Sorbaria sorbitolia(L)A．Br．)对弱光的利用能力较强；而暴马丁香(Sringa reticulata Hara var mands huriea)对强光和弱光均表现出一定程度的适应。
综上所述，影响植物耐荫性的因素是多样复杂的，只有将植物的叶片解剖结构、叶
绿素含量和光合作用能力等因素综合分析，才能对七种花灌木的耐荫性进行客观的比较
研究。
Based on the natural investigation,through the allocated observing under natural condition and the analysis on the inside experiment,with the methodology of anatomy and physiology,this paper emphersized on systematic research on Harbin local 7shrubs (conducing Prunus triloba LindK Primus tomentosa Thunb Sorbaria sorbitolia(L) A.Br. Cornus stolonifera. -,Syringa oblata Lindl.,Syringa reticulata Hara var mands Hara huriea -. Philadelphus schrenkii Rupr).The content of the chlorophyll (a+b),the chlorophyll a and the chlorophyll b,the leaf structure (concluding palisade mesophyle thickness .epidermal mesophyle thickness and leaf thickness) and photosynthetic light response curves (including the light compensated,the light saturation point and the photosynthesis rate of light saturation) of 7 shrubs were studied systematically. Through analysis ,a resolution is acquired:
1. The ratio of leaf thickness of palisade mesophyll or epidermal mesophyll in 7 shrubs' leaf structure,in shinning leaf is clearly higher than that of shading leaf.
2. The palisade mesophyll thickness in Prunus tomentosa Thunb,Syringa oblata Lindl. Sorbaria sorbitolia(L) A.Br. and Syringa reticulata Hara var mands Hara huriea is much thicker. While the Epidermal mesophyll thickness in Philadelphus schrenkii Rupr Cornus stolonifera. is rather flourishing.
3. Different photosynthetic light conditions have much influence on the content of chlorophyll in 7 shrubs and leaf structure,and according to the difference of the ability of photosynthesis,the content of Chlorophyll and leaf structure changed markedly.
4. There is a trend,the content of chlorophyll (a+b ) ,and chlorophyll(b) in shading leaf are lower than in shinning leaf of 7 shrubs.
5. In 7 shrubs,the chlorophyll (a+b) of Philadelphus schrenkii Rupr and Syringa reticulata Hara var mands Hara huriea. is high,but the chlorophyll a/b of them is lower;the chlorophyll (a+b) in Sorbaria sorbitolia(L) A.Br. is not the highest and Chlorophyll content is lower,while,the chlorophyll b is relatively higher;the chlorophyll a/b of Cornus stolonifera. Prunus tomentosa Thunb,Syringa oblata Lindl. and Prunus triloba Lindl is all higher and Chlorophyll b/(a+b) is lower.
6. Photosynthetic light response curves in 7 shrubs shows:to Prunus triloba Lindl and Syringa oblata Lindl. the light saturation point,the light compensated point and the photosynthesis rate of light saturation are all high;while to Philadelphus schrenkii Rupr and Sorbaria sorbitolia(L) A.Br.,they are lower;to Syringa reticulata Hara var mands Hara huriea,the light compensated point is lower,but the light saturation point is moderate and the photosynthesis rate of light saturation is higher.
7. Comparing 7 shrubs roundly :Prunws triloba Lindl and Syringa oblata Lindl. have
higher synthetic efficiency to strong light followed by Cornus stolonifera. and Prunus tomentosa Thunb. ,however,Philadelphus schrenkii Rupr and Sorbaria sorbitolia(L) A.Br. have higher synthetic efficiency to weak light;Syringa reticulata Hara var mands Hara huriea has certainly adaptability to strong light and weak light.
To sum up,the factors that influence shade-tolerance of plants are complex.Only with a multiple analysis on the data of the content of the chlorophyll,the leaf structure and photosynthetic light response curves ,an objective and comparative research on the shade-tolerance of 7 shrubs was conveyed.
1、七种花灌木的叶片解剖结构中叶片厚度、栅栏组织／海绵组织比值阳生叶明显高于阴生叶。
2、毛樱桃(Prunus tomentosa Thunb)、紫丁香(Syringa oblata Lindl)、珍珠梅(Sorbariasorbitolia(L)A．Br．)、暴马丁香(Syringa reticulata Hara var mands huriea)的栅栏组织相对比较发达，而东北山梅花(Philadelphaceae schrenkii Rupr)、偃伏梾木(Comusstolonifera．)、榆叶梅(Prunus triloba Lindl)的海绵组织相对较发达。
3、不同的光照环境对植物的叶绿素含量、叶片解剖结构的影响较大，同一种树种依光照环境的差异，叶绿素含量和叶片解剖结构也发生了相关性变化。
4、七种花灌木叶绿素含量中叶绿素(a+b)和叶绿素b的相对含量阴生叶表现出低于阳生叶趋势。
5、七种花灌木中东北山梅花(Philadelphaceae schrenkii Rupr)、暴马丁香(Syringareticulata Hara var mands huriea)的叶绿素(a+b)含量较高，叶绿素a／b值较低；珍珠梅(Sorbaria sorbitolia(L)A．Br．)的叶绿素(a+b)含量不是最高的而其叶绿素a／b值较低，叶绿素b的相对含量较高；偃伏梾木(Cornus stolonifera．)、毛樱桃(Prunus tomentosaThunb)、紫丁香(Syringa oblata Lindl)、榆叶梅(Prunus triloba Lindl)都有较高的叶绿素a／b值和较低的叶绿素6／(a+b)。
6、七种花灌木的光响应曲线表明：榆叶梅(Prunus triloba Lindl)、紫丁香(Sringaoblata Lindl)的光饱和点高，光补偿点高，光饱和光合速率也高；珍珠梅(Sorbariasorbitolia(L)A．Br．)、东北山梅花(Philadelphaceae schrenkii Rupr)的光饱和点、光补偿点、光饱和光合速率均较低；暴马丁香(Syringa reticulata Hara var mands huriea)的光补偿点较低，光饱和点适中，光饱和光合速率偏高。
7．经综合比较分析七种花灌木：榆叶梅(Prunus triloba Lindl)、紫丁香(Syringa oblataLindl)对强光的利用效率较高：偃伏梾木(Cornus stolonifera．)、毛樱桃(Prunus tomentosaThunb)次之；东北山梅花(Philadelphaceae schrenkii Rupr)和珍珠梅(Sorbaria sorbitolia(L)A．Br．)对弱光的利用能力较强；而暴马丁香(Sringa reticulata Hara var mands huriea)对强光和弱光均表现出一定程度的适应。
综上所述，影响植物耐荫性的因素是多样复杂的，只有将植物的叶片解剖结构、叶
绿素含量和光合作用能力等因素综合分析，才能对七种花灌木的耐荫性进行客观的比较
研究。
Based on the natural investigation,through the allocated observing under natural condition and the analysis on the inside experiment,with the methodology of anatomy and physiology,this paper emphersized on systematic research on Harbin local 7shrubs (conducing Prunus triloba LindK Primus tomentosa Thunb Sorbaria sorbitolia(L) A.Br. Cornus stolonifera. -,Syringa oblata Lindl.,Syringa reticulata Hara var mands Hara huriea -. Philadelphus schrenkii Rupr).The content of the chlorophyll (a+b),the chlorophyll a and the chlorophyll b,the leaf structure (concluding palisade mesophyle thickness .epidermal mesophyle thickness and leaf thickness) and photosynthetic light response curves (including the light compensated,the light saturation point and the photosynthesis rate of light saturation) of 7 shrubs were studied systematically. Through analysis ,a resolution is acquired:
1. The ratio of leaf thickness of palisade mesophyll or epidermal mesophyll in 7 shrubs' leaf structure,in shinning leaf is clearly higher than that of shading leaf.
2. The palisade mesophyll thickness in Prunus tomentosa Thunb,Syringa oblata Lindl. Sorbaria sorbitolia(L) A.Br. and Syringa reticulata Hara var mands Hara huriea is much thicker. While the Epidermal mesophyll thickness in Philadelphus schrenkii Rupr Cornus stolonifera. is rather flourishing.
3. Different photosynthetic light conditions have much influence on the content of chlorophyll in 7 shrubs and leaf structure,and according to the difference of the ability of photosynthesis,the content of Chlorophyll and leaf structure changed markedly.
4. There is a trend,the content of chlorophyll (a+b ) ,and chlorophyll(b) in shading leaf are lower than in shinning leaf of 7 shrubs.
5. In 7 shrubs,the chlorophyll (a+b) of Philadelphus schrenkii Rupr and Syringa reticulata Hara var mands Hara huriea. is high,but the chlorophyll a/b of them is lower;the chlorophyll (a+b) in Sorbaria sorbitolia(L) A.Br. is not the highest and Chlorophyll content is lower,while,the chlorophyll b is relatively higher;the chlorophyll a/b of Cornus stolonifera. Prunus tomentosa Thunb,Syringa oblata Lindl. and Prunus triloba Lindl is all higher and Chlorophyll b/(a+b) is lower.
6. Photosynthetic light response curves in 7 shrubs shows:to Prunus triloba Lindl and Syringa oblata Lindl. the light saturation point,the light compensated point and the photosynthesis rate of light saturation are all high;while to Philadelphus schrenkii Rupr and Sorbaria sorbitolia(L) A.Br.,they are lower;to Syringa reticulata Hara var mands Hara huriea,the light compensated point is lower,but the light saturation point is moderate and the photosynthesis rate of light saturation is higher.
7. Comparing 7 shrubs roundly :Prunws triloba Lindl and Syringa oblata Lindl. have
higher synthetic efficiency to strong light followed by Cornus stolonifera. and Prunus tomentosa Thunb. ,however,Philadelphus schrenkii Rupr and Sorbaria sorbitolia(L) A.Br. have higher synthetic efficiency to weak light;Syringa reticulata Hara var mands Hara huriea has certainly adaptability to strong light and weak light.
To sum up,the factors that influence shade-tolerance of plants are complex.Only with a multiple analysis on the data of the content of the chlorophyll,the leaf structure and photosynthetic light response curves ,an objective and comparative research on the shade-tolerance of 7 shrubs was conveyed.
引文
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61．W.拉夏埃尔、李博等译．植物生理生态学．科学出版社．1980
62. Abrams M.D Leat stuctvial aud photosyu the tu pigment charactcrristies of teeueiytorestnaidmoodspeliesinnorteastKansas. For. Ecol.maclaye. 1987.22.261-226
63. Albert E C,Wilson H. A comparison of methods for estimating total leaf: area of baley plants[J].Crop science, 1965,5(6):602—603.
64. Abrams,M.D. et al., leaf structural characteristics of 31 hard wood and conifer tree species in central Wisconsin: influence of light regime and shade tolerance rank. Forest ecology and management,1990,31:245—253
65. Jones,R..H.,Growth and photosynthetic responses to a range of light environments in Chinese tallowtree and Carolina ash seedlings. Forest Science, 1990,36(4):851—862.
66． Ali S. A. Gross M. G.& kishpaugh J.R.L.,Cluster analysis of Marine sediments and waste depos its in Newyork Bight ,175,Environmental Geology,(1) 143-148
67． Brown R D.Estimating radiation by a person under different species of shade trees . Journal of Arboriculture ,1990,16(6) : 158-161
68． Schroeder H W. Estetic perceptions of the urban forest :a utility perspective .Journal of Arboriculture ,1989,15(12) : 292-294
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70． Togelmann T.C.etal.the fanction sighificance of palisacle tissue I penetration of cl:rectionnal rersus d:Huse Light.Plaut.cell and envion ment.1993． 16(1) :65-72
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74． Zer Naveh.Ass LiebermanLandscape Ecology Theong and appl:cation Spring-Verlag New yYork 1984
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57．A.Galstom.P.Davies,R.scotter.戴尧仁等译．新编植物生理学．北京大学出版社．1989
58．IV.Larcher(李博等译)．植物生理生态学．科学出版社．1985
59．J.R.埃塞林顿．曲仲湘等译，环境和植物生态学．科学出版社．1999
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61．W.拉夏埃尔、李博等译．植物生理生态学．科学出版社．1980
62. Abrams M.D Leat stuctvial aud photosyu the tu pigment charactcrristies of teeueiytorestnaidmoodspeliesinnorteastKansas. For. Ecol.maclaye. 1987.22.261-226
63. Albert E C,Wilson H. A comparison of methods for estimating total leaf: area of baley plants[J].Crop science, 1965,5(6):602—603.
64. Abrams,M.D. et al., leaf structural characteristics of 31 hard wood and conifer tree species in central Wisconsin: influence of light regime and shade tolerance rank. Forest ecology and management,1990,31:245—253
65. Jones,R..H.,Growth and photosynthetic responses to a range of light environments in Chinese tallowtree and Carolina ash seedlings. Forest Science, 1990,36(4):851—862.
66． Ali S. A. Gross M. G.& kishpaugh J.R.L.,Cluster analysis of Marine sediments and waste depos its in Newyork Bight ,175,Environmental Geology,(1) 143-148
67． Brown R D.Estimating radiation by a person under different species of shade trees . Journal of Arboriculture ,1990,16(6) : 158-161
68． Schroeder H W. Estetic perceptions of the urban forest :a utility perspective .Journal of Arboriculture ,1989,15(12) : 292-294
69． Carpenter S.B etal.A compaatre study of leaf thicknessamny Southern Appalachian hardwoods.can.T.Qot. 1985． 59(8) : 1393-1396
70． Togelmann T.C.etal.the fanction sighificance of palisacle tissue I penetration of cl:rectionnal rersus d:Huse Light.Plaut.cell and envion ment.1993． 16(1) :65-72
71． Cowlet.F.etal.Leaf morpn o Logy plasticity in res ponse to light environment in decid uous tree species and its implication onforest succession.can.T.For.Res. 1986． 1616:1192-1195
72． Dubas.Eetal.Eflect of shade on giowth.leaf morpholoyy and photosynthetic capatity of an Amencan sycamone clone.Canstanea,1980． 45:219-227
73． Lee.D.W.The selectire advantages of amtho cy uains in derelopiny ieaves in manyo and cacao. 13 :otiapia. 1987． 19:40-49
74． Zer Naveh.Ass LiebermanLandscape Ecology Theong and appl:cation Spring-Verlag New yYork 1984
75． Gausman H.W.etal.Optical Paiameters of leares of soplant speies.Plant phy Si ol.1973． 51:57-62
76． WdschmereyN.A.etal.ChlorophyN-soecitic photosynthesis and quantum eHiciency at subsaturatny cight intensities.Toarnal of Phycology. 1981． 17:283-293