生态城市建设与评价研究
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摘要
随着城市化进程的加快、人口快速增长、耕地以及其它不可再生资源的急剧减少,生态环境受到污染等,城市生态系统面临着巨大压力和严峻的挑战。建设生态城市是解决现代城市问题、实现城市可持续发展的有效手段,已成为人类共同的呼声,代表城市未来的发展方向。这既是世界各国为了“我们共同的未来”,改变传统经济发展模式,谋求全球、全人类可持续发展的结果,也是人类在获得改造世界巨大能力的同时,谋求人与自然和谐共生和更理想的人居环境的结果。因此,探讨与生态城市建设相关的问题就成为实现生态城市建设目标的首要任务之一。生态城市建设是把生态城市视为“社会—经济—自然”的复合系统,运用系统科学的理论方法,规划、设计、控制、实施、管理生态城市的建设。这就要求我们不断加强生态城市建设理论与方法的研究工作,这对于探索适合我国国情的生态城市建设的道路,正确把握和切实实现社会、经济、环境三大效益的统一,具有重大的理论和实践意义。
本文全面、深入地分析了国内、国外生态城市建设的时代背景和研究现状,指出了当前国内外在生态城市建设各主要研究领域的成果和存在的不足。还对生态城市系统进行了分析,对生态城市的建设模式进行了的研究。简单地说,生态城市是一个多目标、多功能、具有复杂结构的复合系统,是一个经济高效、环境宜人、社会和谐的人类住区。生态城市的本质是“和谐的、宜人的人居环境”,“和谐”是对生态城市特点的高度概括,“宜人”是生态城市的根本宗旨所在;本文深入研究了生态城市建设的管理体系,主要包括管理体制、管理机构、运行机制、管理创新、数字管理网络系统等。论文从市场机制、行政机制、法律机制、社会机制等方面入手研究了生态城市建设的实施促进机制,并提出生态城市建设的管理、控制、引导措施,为今后的建设、管理实践提供技术的支持。
论文还研究了生态城市建设的整体规划设计理论。提出从城市规划学科的角度出发,以生态学为主线,在研究生态城市空间发展的组分、机制及控制原理的基础上,融环境生态、自然生态、社会生态、经济生态、空间景观生态为一体,分别从空间形态、经济发展、社会发展等几个方面系统探讨了生态规划原理与方法。文中采用理论和实证相结合的方法,对生态城市的生态规划技术方法进行了研究,探讨了生态城市的产业生态化问题,认为这是生态城市发展的关键所在。文中不仅从三次产业的角度探讨了生态产业发展的基本思路,而且强调了生活方式的生态化对于生态城市建设的重要意义。论文还探讨了保障生态规划实施的相应政策,其中涉及到城市规划管理机制与外部环境机制创新两个层面。
论文采用定性与定量相结合的方法,提出了综合评价的内容和方法,确立了生态城市综合评价指标体系,建立了适于评价生态城市建设水平的数学模型,并对人工神经网络作为一种预测工具在生态城市建设调控中的应用进行了研究,其指标涉及了经济发展、社会状况、生态环境三方面的内容。
最后,论文进行了案例研究,提出了哈尔滨市生态城市建设的内容和对策,建构了适合哈尔滨生态城市建设的理论框架,以促进哈尔滨的生态城市建设工作,为今后的进一步深入研究奠定理论与实践的基础。
With the quickening of the process of urbanization, the increasing of urban population, the decreasing of cultivated land and other sustainable resources and polluting of ecological environment and so on, more and more stress and great challenge are put on the ecological system of the cities.
Construction of Eco-city is a valid means that resolves a modern city prob-lems and carry out cities’sustainable development, having become a common cry of mankind, and representing a future development direction of city. This is a re-sult of different countries’effort for "our common future", therefore changing the tradition economic development mode, seeking the sustainable development for the whole world, also a result, that mankind seeking the human & nature’s sym-biosis and coordination and a more ideal human’s residential environment. So, researching the problems on the construction of eco-city becomes one of the most important tasks of realizing the goal of it. Eco-city construction means taking an eco-city as a compound of‘society-economics-nature’system, planning and con-trolling and implementing and managing it by systematic and scientific theory and method. All these demand that we continually strengthen the research on the theories and methodologies of eco-city construction. So it is theoretically and practically significant to explore an effective road of Eco-city construction and to make a rational combination of the social, economic and environmental benefits.
This thesis consists of six chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the background of eco-city construction, both domestic and overseas research, development the ob-jective, signification, content and methods of this research. Chapter 2 analyzes the construction of eco-city systematically, sets forth the concepts and the charac-teristics and the standard etc. The structure and functions of urban ecosystem, the mechanism of sustainable development, the connotation and principles and the development model of eco-city construction are systemically studied in this chapter. Briefly speaking, the eco-city is a multi-goal, multi-functional and inte-grated system with complicated structure, and is a sort of human living quarter with high economical efficiency, comfortable surroundings, and communal har-mony. The essence of eco-city is the harmony and pleasantness of the environ- ment, harmony being the epitome of the features of eco-city while pleasantness being the principal guideline in building eco-city. Chapter 3 attempts to establish the theoretical structure for the strategic project of setting up eco-city. On the ba-sis of the idea of eco-city and its theoretical foundation, this chapter studies the system of eco-city construction management, and mainly includes management system, management organization, operation mechanism, management innova-tion, and the digital network system etc. Analysis has been done on the construc-tion of the mechanism of execution for eco-city development in the aspects: mar-ket, administration, legislation and public participation, and the guide measures for eco-city development has been given for technology sustentation in the chap-ter. The planning theories have been studied in the chapter 4. Setting out from the angle of the city-planning course, this research regards ecology as the main line and expands eco-planning's meaning. On the base of research about the urban and rural space’s composing, the theory based on the essential functions of city plan-ning, the chapter integrates environment ecology, natural ecology, societal ecol-ogy, economic ecology and landscape ecology. It discusses eco-planning theories and methods from such three aspects as spatial formation, economic development, and social development. Combining theory and practice, it researches the corre-sponding techno-ways about eco-planning, and discusses about the problems forcing businesses into the mode of ecologicalized, which is considered as one of the key issues in the development of eco-city. This chapter not only discusses the essential idea of developing ecological businesses, but also stresses the signifi-cance of an ecological living pattern for the development of ecological business development and then for that of eco-city. Lastly, it researched some policies, which brought eco-planning into effect. Such contents are related to city planning managing mechanism and exterior environment mechanism innovation. In chap-ter 5, the method of combining qualitative with quantitative analysis has been adopted, and advances the contents and methods of comprehensive assessment, at the same time establishes an index system of eco-city comprehensive assessment, then the model that fits the assessment of eco-city construction t is developed. Last the application of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model is studied in pre-diction of eco-city development, which can lively imitate this system, and the in-dicators involve economy society and environment. At last, in chapter 6, the the- sis advances the contents and the strategies to promote the work of Harbin’s eco-city construction. The main aim of this chapter is to establish a theory framework for eco-city construction in Harbin, and therefore establish a basis for further re-search in future.
本文全面、深入地分析了国内、国外生态城市建设的时代背景和研究现状,指出了当前国内外在生态城市建设各主要研究领域的成果和存在的不足。还对生态城市系统进行了分析,对生态城市的建设模式进行了的研究。简单地说,生态城市是一个多目标、多功能、具有复杂结构的复合系统,是一个经济高效、环境宜人、社会和谐的人类住区。生态城市的本质是“和谐的、宜人的人居环境”,“和谐”是对生态城市特点的高度概括,“宜人”是生态城市的根本宗旨所在;本文深入研究了生态城市建设的管理体系,主要包括管理体制、管理机构、运行机制、管理创新、数字管理网络系统等。论文从市场机制、行政机制、法律机制、社会机制等方面入手研究了生态城市建设的实施促进机制,并提出生态城市建设的管理、控制、引导措施,为今后的建设、管理实践提供技术的支持。
论文还研究了生态城市建设的整体规划设计理论。提出从城市规划学科的角度出发,以生态学为主线,在研究生态城市空间发展的组分、机制及控制原理的基础上,融环境生态、自然生态、社会生态、经济生态、空间景观生态为一体,分别从空间形态、经济发展、社会发展等几个方面系统探讨了生态规划原理与方法。文中采用理论和实证相结合的方法,对生态城市的生态规划技术方法进行了研究,探讨了生态城市的产业生态化问题,认为这是生态城市发展的关键所在。文中不仅从三次产业的角度探讨了生态产业发展的基本思路,而且强调了生活方式的生态化对于生态城市建设的重要意义。论文还探讨了保障生态规划实施的相应政策,其中涉及到城市规划管理机制与外部环境机制创新两个层面。
论文采用定性与定量相结合的方法,提出了综合评价的内容和方法,确立了生态城市综合评价指标体系,建立了适于评价生态城市建设水平的数学模型,并对人工神经网络作为一种预测工具在生态城市建设调控中的应用进行了研究,其指标涉及了经济发展、社会状况、生态环境三方面的内容。
最后,论文进行了案例研究,提出了哈尔滨市生态城市建设的内容和对策,建构了适合哈尔滨生态城市建设的理论框架,以促进哈尔滨的生态城市建设工作,为今后的进一步深入研究奠定理论与实践的基础。
With the quickening of the process of urbanization, the increasing of urban population, the decreasing of cultivated land and other sustainable resources and polluting of ecological environment and so on, more and more stress and great challenge are put on the ecological system of the cities.
Construction of Eco-city is a valid means that resolves a modern city prob-lems and carry out cities’sustainable development, having become a common cry of mankind, and representing a future development direction of city. This is a re-sult of different countries’effort for "our common future", therefore changing the tradition economic development mode, seeking the sustainable development for the whole world, also a result, that mankind seeking the human & nature’s sym-biosis and coordination and a more ideal human’s residential environment. So, researching the problems on the construction of eco-city becomes one of the most important tasks of realizing the goal of it. Eco-city construction means taking an eco-city as a compound of‘society-economics-nature’system, planning and con-trolling and implementing and managing it by systematic and scientific theory and method. All these demand that we continually strengthen the research on the theories and methodologies of eco-city construction. So it is theoretically and practically significant to explore an effective road of Eco-city construction and to make a rational combination of the social, economic and environmental benefits.
This thesis consists of six chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the background of eco-city construction, both domestic and overseas research, development the ob-jective, signification, content and methods of this research. Chapter 2 analyzes the construction of eco-city systematically, sets forth the concepts and the charac-teristics and the standard etc. The structure and functions of urban ecosystem, the mechanism of sustainable development, the connotation and principles and the development model of eco-city construction are systemically studied in this chapter. Briefly speaking, the eco-city is a multi-goal, multi-functional and inte-grated system with complicated structure, and is a sort of human living quarter with high economical efficiency, comfortable surroundings, and communal har-mony. The essence of eco-city is the harmony and pleasantness of the environ- ment, harmony being the epitome of the features of eco-city while pleasantness being the principal guideline in building eco-city. Chapter 3 attempts to establish the theoretical structure for the strategic project of setting up eco-city. On the ba-sis of the idea of eco-city and its theoretical foundation, this chapter studies the system of eco-city construction management, and mainly includes management system, management organization, operation mechanism, management innova-tion, and the digital network system etc. Analysis has been done on the construc-tion of the mechanism of execution for eco-city development in the aspects: mar-ket, administration, legislation and public participation, and the guide measures for eco-city development has been given for technology sustentation in the chap-ter. The planning theories have been studied in the chapter 4. Setting out from the angle of the city-planning course, this research regards ecology as the main line and expands eco-planning's meaning. On the base of research about the urban and rural space’s composing, the theory based on the essential functions of city plan-ning, the chapter integrates environment ecology, natural ecology, societal ecol-ogy, economic ecology and landscape ecology. It discusses eco-planning theories and methods from such three aspects as spatial formation, economic development, and social development. Combining theory and practice, it researches the corre-sponding techno-ways about eco-planning, and discusses about the problems forcing businesses into the mode of ecologicalized, which is considered as one of the key issues in the development of eco-city. This chapter not only discusses the essential idea of developing ecological businesses, but also stresses the signifi-cance of an ecological living pattern for the development of ecological business development and then for that of eco-city. Lastly, it researched some policies, which brought eco-planning into effect. Such contents are related to city planning managing mechanism and exterior environment mechanism innovation. In chap-ter 5, the method of combining qualitative with quantitative analysis has been adopted, and advances the contents and methods of comprehensive assessment, at the same time establishes an index system of eco-city comprehensive assessment, then the model that fits the assessment of eco-city construction t is developed. Last the application of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model is studied in pre-diction of eco-city development, which can lively imitate this system, and the in-dicators involve economy society and environment. At last, in chapter 6, the the- sis advances the contents and the strategies to promote the work of Harbin’s eco-city construction. The main aim of this chapter is to establish a theory framework for eco-city construction in Harbin, and therefore establish a basis for further re-search in future.
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