L波段宽带高速跳频频率源的研究
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摘要
跳频通信是扩频通信的一种,具有抗干扰、抗截获的能力,并且能做到频谱资源共享。所以,跳频通信已经成为现代军事无线通信抗干扰的主要手段,对于在恶劣的电磁环境中保障我军通畅的通信指挥,具有重大的军事意义。跳频通信系统的核心部分是:跳频序列发生器、频率合成器。
宽带跳频电台要求设计的跳频频率合成器输出频率转换时间快、跳频带宽宽、输出的杂散和相位噪声低以及体积小、重量轻等特点。对此,在分析总结了频率合成技术及其各种实现方案利弊的基础上,针对实际应用,本文选择了直接数字频率合成方案,着眼于提高DDS的输出频率,增加输出带宽,提高DDS输出的杂散抑制能力,同时又不影响其输出的相位噪声和频率切换时间的指标。
直接数字频率合成器具有频率分辨率高、换频速度快等特点。但是DDS同样存在频率上限不够、高功耗以及杂散不好等技术难题。这也是本文需要解决的几大难题。DDS部分选用的是ADI公司的产品AD9910。
该方案采用DDS输出端直接接倍频器倍频,以提高输出频率、增加带宽。用此方案设计的频率源最终达到了以下技术指标:输出频率范围为1350MHz～1850MHz,频率间隔为1MHz,换频时间要求小于10μs,跳速为100000Hops/s,相位噪声优于-70dBc/1KHz,完全满足宽带快速跳频电台频段覆盖宽、换频时间短、相位噪声低等要求。
Frequency hopping communication is one of the spread spectrum communications, which has the ability of the anti-interference and anti-interception, and the superiority of spectrum efficiency. Therefore, the frequency hopping communication becomes the main method for combating the interference in the modern military wireless communications. It is significant for guarantying the performance of the communication command in the harsh electromagnetic environment. The core parts of the frequency hopping communication systems are frequency hopping sequence generator and the frequency Synthesizer.
Wideband frequency hopping radio station requires that the output of the frequency synthesizer has the fast frequency conversion, wide bandwidth, lower spurious, lower phase noise, reduced volume and weight. Based on the discussion of the frequency synthesis techniques and the analysis of the various realization methods, and aiming at the engineering application, this dissertation chooses the direct digital frequency synthesis scheme. The design consideration is to increase the working frequency of the DDS, increase the output bandwidth, and to improve the ability of suppressing the spurious. Meanwhile, the others parameters are not effected.
DDS has the characteristics of high frequency resolution and fast frequency conversion. However, the difficulties of DDS are also considerable, such as the limited upper frequency, high power consuming and bad spurious performance. And this dissertation is trying to address the solution of these problems.
The proposed scheme adopts the direct connection between the DDS and frequency multiplier. The output frequency and bandwidth could be improved. The following targets are achieved for the proposed scheme in this dissertation. The frequency range is from 1350MHz to 1850MHz. the frequency interval is 1MHz. The frequency conversion time is shorter that 1μs and the hopping rate is 100000Hops/s. the phase noise is below -70dBc/1KHz. In summary, the system satisfies the requirements of the fast frequency hopping radio station on wideband coverage, short conversion time and low phase noise.
宽带跳频电台要求设计的跳频频率合成器输出频率转换时间快、跳频带宽宽、输出的杂散和相位噪声低以及体积小、重量轻等特点。对此,在分析总结了频率合成技术及其各种实现方案利弊的基础上,针对实际应用,本文选择了直接数字频率合成方案,着眼于提高DDS的输出频率,增加输出带宽,提高DDS输出的杂散抑制能力,同时又不影响其输出的相位噪声和频率切换时间的指标。
直接数字频率合成器具有频率分辨率高、换频速度快等特点。但是DDS同样存在频率上限不够、高功耗以及杂散不好等技术难题。这也是本文需要解决的几大难题。DDS部分选用的是ADI公司的产品AD9910。
该方案采用DDS输出端直接接倍频器倍频,以提高输出频率、增加带宽。用此方案设计的频率源最终达到了以下技术指标:输出频率范围为1350MHz～1850MHz,频率间隔为1MHz,换频时间要求小于10μs,跳速为100000Hops/s,相位噪声优于-70dBc/1KHz,完全满足宽带快速跳频电台频段覆盖宽、换频时间短、相位噪声低等要求。
Frequency hopping communication is one of the spread spectrum communications, which has the ability of the anti-interference and anti-interception, and the superiority of spectrum efficiency. Therefore, the frequency hopping communication becomes the main method for combating the interference in the modern military wireless communications. It is significant for guarantying the performance of the communication command in the harsh electromagnetic environment. The core parts of the frequency hopping communication systems are frequency hopping sequence generator and the frequency Synthesizer.
Wideband frequency hopping radio station requires that the output of the frequency synthesizer has the fast frequency conversion, wide bandwidth, lower spurious, lower phase noise, reduced volume and weight. Based on the discussion of the frequency synthesis techniques and the analysis of the various realization methods, and aiming at the engineering application, this dissertation chooses the direct digital frequency synthesis scheme. The design consideration is to increase the working frequency of the DDS, increase the output bandwidth, and to improve the ability of suppressing the spurious. Meanwhile, the others parameters are not effected.
DDS has the characteristics of high frequency resolution and fast frequency conversion. However, the difficulties of DDS are also considerable, such as the limited upper frequency, high power consuming and bad spurious performance. And this dissertation is trying to address the solution of these problems.
The proposed scheme adopts the direct connection between the DDS and frequency multiplier. The output frequency and bandwidth could be improved. The following targets are achieved for the proposed scheme in this dissertation. The frequency range is from 1350MHz to 1850MHz. the frequency interval is 1MHz. The frequency conversion time is shorter that 1μs and the hopping rate is 100000Hops/s. the phase noise is below -70dBc/1KHz. In summary, the system satisfies the requirements of the fast frequency hopping radio station on wideband coverage, short conversion time and low phase noise.
引文
[1]吕捷.S波段低杂散高速跳频频综的设计:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2007
[2]梅文华,王淑波,邱永红,杜兴民.跳频通信.北京:国防工业出版社.2005
[3]蒋宁.基于DDS的频率合成器设计:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2006
[4]郑百衡.L波段频率合成器的研究和应用:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2003
[5]费元春,苏广川,米红,等.宽带雷达信号产生技术.北京:国防工业出版社,2002,34-40
[6]穆晓华. L波段小步进低相噪频率合成器的研制:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2006
[7] Tierney J, Rader C M, Gold B. A digital frequency synthesizer [J].IEEE Trans Audio Electroacoust ,1971,AU-19:48~57
[8] A.Bonfanti , F.Amorosa, C.Samori. A DDS-Based PLL for 2.4-GHz Frequency Synthesis [J].IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems,1971,2003, 50(12):1007-1010
[9]杨永. DDS-PLL低相噪低杂散频综研究: [硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2007
[10]王晋杰.基于YIG振荡器的微波超宽带频率综合器的研究: [硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2009
[11] Rick Cushing. A Technical Tutorial on Digital Signal Synthesis. Analog Devices, Inc. 1999
[12]白居宪.低噪声频率合成.西安:西安交通大学出版社. 1995
[13] Nicholas H T, Samueli H, Kim B. An Analysis of the Output Spectrum of Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizer in the Presence of Phase Accumulator Trunction . Proceedings of 41st Annual Frequency Control Symposium,1987, 495~502
[14]王育红,张厥盛.直接数字式频率合成器DDS的谱质研究.西安电子科技大学学报, 1996,23(1):19-26
[15]郭德淳,费元春.DDS的杂散分析及频率扩展研究.现代雷达,2002,24(1):63-66
[16]张骏凌,张玉兴.直接数字频率合成器中的相位噪声分析.电子科技大学学报,1999, 28(1):24-27
[17]费元春,金松.直接数字频率合成技术综论[A].中国电子学会DDS技术与应用研讨会[C],合肥:1997,1-5
[18] Wheatley III, Charles E. Digital frequency synthesizer with random jittering for reducing discrete spectral spurs [P].U.S.Patent:4410954,1983
[19] Kerr R G ,Weaver L A.Pseudorandom dither for frequency synthesis noise [P].U.S. Patent : 4901265,1990
[20]郭德淳.直接数字频率合成技术研究与设计[D].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2001
[21]高玉良,李延辉,俞志强,等.现代频率合成技术与控制技术[M].北京:航空工业出版社,2002
[22]金数波,邓贤进.S波段DDS/PLL频率合成技术研究[J].电讯技术,2002,42,(1):13-16
[23]高泽溪,王诞燕.DDS+PLL技术与应用[J].航空电子技术,1997,(2):22-28
[24]刘晓晖,范勋,李少谦.超高速跳频频率合成器的设计.电子科技大学学报.2003,32(5):15-19
[25]郑秀云. x波段频综源的研究: [硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2005
[26]李志轶,赵晶,靳煜. DDS原理及在高速跳频系统中的应用[J].舰船电子工程,2005,25(1):105-111
[27]邱晓华,沈连丰,宋铁成,沈克勤.一种多路并行传输高速跳频通信系统[J].应用科学学报,2005,23(5):461-466
[28]张华磊.一种基于AD9854的高速跳频源设计[J].无线电工程,2008,38(1):49-50
[29]朱礼亚,杜兴民,张曦.一种新的高速跳频同步方法[J].电光与控制,2007,14(5):94-97
[30]李健开.并行DDS激励PLL的微波捷变频综技术的研究: [硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2006
[31]周科吉. DDS扩频技术研究: [硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2007
[32]陈世伟,李玉伟,冯杰.基于DDS/PLL组合跳频频率合成器.指挥技术学院学报, 2000, 11(3):34-38
[33] ULRICH L.Rohde and David P.Newkirk. RF/Microwave Circuit Design for Wireless Applications. John Wiley & Sons, 2000, 1(8):851-863
[34] Ching-Feng Lee,Song Tsuen Peng. Systematic analysis of the offset-PLL output spur spectrum.IEEE-MTT, 2005, 23(3):3024-3034
[35]梁志霄,刘茁,赵海清,等.X波段谐波混频频率合成器的设计.电讯技术,2003,1(3):34-37
[36]孟令琴,费元春,韩荣桂. L/S波段宽频带、低相噪混频锁相频率合成器.北京理工大学学报,2002,22(5):643-645
[37]方立军,马骏.C波段低相噪数字锁相频率合成器.系统工程与电子术,2001,23(2):22-24
[38] Esdras Juarez-Hernandezt, Alejandro Diaz-Sanchez, Esteban Tlelo-Cuaulle. A 1.35 GHz CMOS Wideband frequency synthersizer for mobile communications. IEEE-Circuits and Systems, 2003, 2(17):292-295
[39] Fen Yan Min. Low phase noise broadband microwave frequency synthesizer. IEEE-ICMMT, 1998, 1(4):142-145
[2]梅文华,王淑波,邱永红,杜兴民.跳频通信.北京:国防工业出版社.2005
[3]蒋宁.基于DDS的频率合成器设计:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2006
[4]郑百衡.L波段频率合成器的研究和应用:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2003
[5]费元春,苏广川,米红,等.宽带雷达信号产生技术.北京:国防工业出版社,2002,34-40
[6]穆晓华. L波段小步进低相噪频率合成器的研制:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2006
[7] Tierney J, Rader C M, Gold B. A digital frequency synthesizer [J].IEEE Trans Audio Electroacoust ,1971,AU-19:48~57
[8] A.Bonfanti , F.Amorosa, C.Samori. A DDS-Based PLL for 2.4-GHz Frequency Synthesis [J].IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems,1971,2003, 50(12):1007-1010
[9]杨永. DDS-PLL低相噪低杂散频综研究: [硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2007
[10]王晋杰.基于YIG振荡器的微波超宽带频率综合器的研究: [硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2009
[11] Rick Cushing. A Technical Tutorial on Digital Signal Synthesis. Analog Devices, Inc. 1999
[12]白居宪.低噪声频率合成.西安:西安交通大学出版社. 1995
[13] Nicholas H T, Samueli H, Kim B. An Analysis of the Output Spectrum of Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizer in the Presence of Phase Accumulator Trunction . Proceedings of 41st Annual Frequency Control Symposium,1987, 495~502
[14]王育红,张厥盛.直接数字式频率合成器DDS的谱质研究.西安电子科技大学学报, 1996,23(1):19-26
[15]郭德淳,费元春.DDS的杂散分析及频率扩展研究.现代雷达,2002,24(1):63-66
[16]张骏凌,张玉兴.直接数字频率合成器中的相位噪声分析.电子科技大学学报,1999, 28(1):24-27
[17]费元春,金松.直接数字频率合成技术综论[A].中国电子学会DDS技术与应用研讨会[C],合肥:1997,1-5
[18] Wheatley III, Charles E. Digital frequency synthesizer with random jittering for reducing discrete spectral spurs [P].U.S.Patent:4410954,1983
[19] Kerr R G ,Weaver L A.Pseudorandom dither for frequency synthesis noise [P].U.S. Patent : 4901265,1990
[20]郭德淳.直接数字频率合成技术研究与设计[D].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2001
[21]高玉良,李延辉,俞志强,等.现代频率合成技术与控制技术[M].北京:航空工业出版社,2002
[22]金数波,邓贤进.S波段DDS/PLL频率合成技术研究[J].电讯技术,2002,42,(1):13-16
[23]高泽溪,王诞燕.DDS+PLL技术与应用[J].航空电子技术,1997,(2):22-28
[24]刘晓晖,范勋,李少谦.超高速跳频频率合成器的设计.电子科技大学学报.2003,32(5):15-19
[25]郑秀云. x波段频综源的研究: [硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2005
[26]李志轶,赵晶,靳煜. DDS原理及在高速跳频系统中的应用[J].舰船电子工程,2005,25(1):105-111
[27]邱晓华,沈连丰,宋铁成,沈克勤.一种多路并行传输高速跳频通信系统[J].应用科学学报,2005,23(5):461-466
[28]张华磊.一种基于AD9854的高速跳频源设计[J].无线电工程,2008,38(1):49-50
[29]朱礼亚,杜兴民,张曦.一种新的高速跳频同步方法[J].电光与控制,2007,14(5):94-97
[30]李健开.并行DDS激励PLL的微波捷变频综技术的研究: [硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2006
[31]周科吉. DDS扩频技术研究: [硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2007
[32]陈世伟,李玉伟,冯杰.基于DDS/PLL组合跳频频率合成器.指挥技术学院学报, 2000, 11(3):34-38
[33] ULRICH L.Rohde and David P.Newkirk. RF/Microwave Circuit Design for Wireless Applications. John Wiley & Sons, 2000, 1(8):851-863
[34] Ching-Feng Lee,Song Tsuen Peng. Systematic analysis of the offset-PLL output spur spectrum.IEEE-MTT, 2005, 23(3):3024-3034
[35]梁志霄,刘茁,赵海清,等.X波段谐波混频频率合成器的设计.电讯技术,2003,1(3):34-37
[36]孟令琴,费元春,韩荣桂. L/S波段宽频带、低相噪混频锁相频率合成器.北京理工大学学报,2002,22(5):643-645
[37]方立军,马骏.C波段低相噪数字锁相频率合成器.系统工程与电子术,2001,23(2):22-24
[38] Esdras Juarez-Hernandezt, Alejandro Diaz-Sanchez, Esteban Tlelo-Cuaulle. A 1.35 GHz CMOS Wideband frequency synthersizer for mobile communications. IEEE-Circuits and Systems, 2003, 2(17):292-295
[39] Fen Yan Min. Low phase noise broadband microwave frequency synthesizer. IEEE-ICMMT, 1998, 1(4):142-145