一种可变工作模式的AC/DC电源管理芯片的设计
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摘要
随着电力电子技术的发展,电力电子设备和人们日常的工作生活关系愈发密切。在九十年代,开关电源开始进入电子设备领域,例如电子监控设备和控制设备的电源都先后采用了这项新技术。在开关电源带来的众多新技术中,最核心的就是电源控制芯片,设计出色的电源控制芯片具有高集成度、高性价比、高性能和简单构造等特点。
本文设计的电源控制芯片结构简单、成本低廉,可应用于笔记本、电视、监控设备等装置的电源以及高性能电池中。当芯片正常工作时,其工作频率为100kHz,输出电压约为12V。当反馈电压低于0.5V时,芯片进入跳周期模式。芯片的特色功能包括上电时的软启动,这可以避免芯片在启动过程中受到过冲损坏;轻载时,自动进入跳周期模式以提高芯片工作效率;工作环境异常时,芯片自动进行电路保护。为了实现电路的单片集成,本文的设计使用台积电的1.0μm SPDM 5V/40V/700V HVCMOS工艺。
本文首先对芯片所需要的模块进行划分设计仿真,然后重点分析和介绍了其中的几个重要模块,例如osc、reference、bias、fb_ctrl、digital、soft-start,最后对芯片的版图做了设计和介绍。
本文使用Calibre和Hspice对电路设计进行了仿真。所有的版图设计都经过了DRC和LVS检测。
As the development of technique of electronic, the internship between electronic equipment and people has gone deeply. In 1990s the switching power supply entered the field of electronic equipment, such as electronic supervise power supply and control equipment power supply .The primary technique of switching power supply is control IC, which is used widely because of its high integrity good cost performance simple circuit and high performance.
The circuit of this paper is highly evaluated in usage for power supply of laptop battery TV supervisor according to its simple and low cost. In this paper, a current model controlled PWM switching power supply is proposed, which designed by TSMC 1.0μm SPDM 5V/40V/700V HVCMOS technology. When the IC worked fluently, it performs excellently in off-line switching condition. The switching frequency of the IC, which swiches into skip cycle model when lower than 0.5 voltage, in ordinary working condition is 100 k hertz while the VOUT is about 12 voltage with the soft-start to avoid the over current in start process, skip-cycle to improve switching efficiency under light load condition and ovp otp and ocp.
In this paper, it introduces the working process of the common current model switching power supply and this novel power supply with the emphasis osc reference bias fb_ctrl digital soft-start ovp otp and ovp parts. Then it discusses the principle of layout design and proposes some layouts of important devices with the analysis of them.
The simulation of the whole IC is done by Calibre and Hspice.All the designs are checked through DRC and LVS.
本文设计的电源控制芯片结构简单、成本低廉,可应用于笔记本、电视、监控设备等装置的电源以及高性能电池中。当芯片正常工作时,其工作频率为100kHz,输出电压约为12V。当反馈电压低于0.5V时,芯片进入跳周期模式。芯片的特色功能包括上电时的软启动,这可以避免芯片在启动过程中受到过冲损坏;轻载时,自动进入跳周期模式以提高芯片工作效率;工作环境异常时,芯片自动进行电路保护。为了实现电路的单片集成,本文的设计使用台积电的1.0μm SPDM 5V/40V/700V HVCMOS工艺。
本文首先对芯片所需要的模块进行划分设计仿真,然后重点分析和介绍了其中的几个重要模块,例如osc、reference、bias、fb_ctrl、digital、soft-start,最后对芯片的版图做了设计和介绍。
本文使用Calibre和Hspice对电路设计进行了仿真。所有的版图设计都经过了DRC和LVS检测。
As the development of technique of electronic, the internship between electronic equipment and people has gone deeply. In 1990s the switching power supply entered the field of electronic equipment, such as electronic supervise power supply and control equipment power supply .The primary technique of switching power supply is control IC, which is used widely because of its high integrity good cost performance simple circuit and high performance.
The circuit of this paper is highly evaluated in usage for power supply of laptop battery TV supervisor according to its simple and low cost. In this paper, a current model controlled PWM switching power supply is proposed, which designed by TSMC 1.0μm SPDM 5V/40V/700V HVCMOS technology. When the IC worked fluently, it performs excellently in off-line switching condition. The switching frequency of the IC, which swiches into skip cycle model when lower than 0.5 voltage, in ordinary working condition is 100 k hertz while the VOUT is about 12 voltage with the soft-start to avoid the over current in start process, skip-cycle to improve switching efficiency under light load condition and ovp otp and ocp.
In this paper, it introduces the working process of the common current model switching power supply and this novel power supply with the emphasis osc reference bias fb_ctrl digital soft-start ovp otp and ovp parts. Then it discusses the principle of layout design and proposes some layouts of important devices with the analysis of them.
The simulation of the whole IC is done by Calibre and Hspice.All the designs are checked through DRC and LVS.
引文
[1]刘军.开关电源的应用与发展.大众用电, 2002, 12:16-17
[2]蔡宣三.开关电源发展轨迹.电子产品世界,2000, 4:42-43
[3]沙占友.单片开关电源的发展趋势.电气时代, 2003, 8:49-51
[4]丁道宏.国内外开关电源发展展望.电气时代, 2000, 10:14-15
[5]刘凤君.现代高频开关电源技术及应用.北京:电子工业出版社, 2008
[6]俞阿龙.电流控制PWM开关电源.电声技术. 2002,11:33-35
[7] R. W. Erickson, D. Maksmovic. Fundamental of power electronics(Second Edition). Nowell MA: Kluwer, 2001
[8]王予,张培,胡海如.开关电源原理及发展方向.中国科技信息, 2007, 14:85-86
[9] R. Mammano. Switching power supply topology: Voltage mode vs. current mode. Unitrode Design Note DN-62. Dallas, TX: Texas Instruments Incorporated, 1994
[10]沙占友等.单片开关电源的发展及其应用.电子技术应用,2000,(1):4-6
[11]沙占友等.新型单片开关电源设计与应用技术.北京:电子工业出版社, 2004
[12]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2004,1-3
[13]毛鸿,吴兆麟.电流控制模式开关电源的分析与设计.工业仪表与自动化. 1999,6:42-44
[14]胡兴军.电源管理产品发展趋势.电源世界,2006, 8:69
[15] Modeling Analysis and Compensation of the Current-mode Converter. Unitrode Application Note, U-97
[16]A. I. Pressman.开关电源设计,王志强译.北京:电子工业出版社, 2005
[17] B. Razavi. Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits. Boston: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2001: 345-404
[18] R. J. Widlar,“New developments in IC voltage regulators,”IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, 1971,vol. SC-6(1): 2-7
[19] A. P. Brokaw. A simple three-terminal IC bandgap reference, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuit, 1974, vol. SC-9: 388-393
[20] Y. Tsividis. Accurate analyzes of temperature effects in IC–VBE characteristics with application to bandgap reference sources. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 1980,vol.15: 1076–1084
[21] G. A. Rincon-Mora. Voltage references—From Diodes to High-Precision High Order BandgapCircuits. USA, IEEE Press, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2002
[22] P. Malcovati, F. Maloberti, C. Fiocchi. Curvature-compensated BiCMOS bandgap with 1V supply voltage, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 2001, Vol.36:1076-1081
[23] G. A. Rincón-Mora, P. E. Allen. A 1.1-V current-mode and piecewise-linear curvature-corrected bandgap voltage reference. IEEE J. of Solid-State Circuit, 1998, Vol.33, No.10: 1551–1554
[24] C. Avoinne, T. Rashid, V. Chowdhury. Second-order compensated bandgap reference with convex correction. Electronics Letters, 2005, Vol.41, No.4:276– 277
[25] K. N. Leung, P. K. T. Mok and C. Y. Leung. A 2-V 23-ptA 5.3-ppm/°C curvature-compensated CMOS bandgap voltage reference, IEEE J. of Solid-State Circuit, 2003,Vol. 38, No.3:561-564
[26] I. Lee, G. Kin, W. Kim. Exponential curvature-compensated BiCMOS bandgap references, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuit, 1994, Vol.29, No.11:1396-1403
[27] P. E. Allen, D. R. Holberg. CMOS Analog Circuit Design (Second Edition), England: Oxford University Press, 2002
[28] P. R. Gray, R.G.Meyer, P. J. Hurst, S. H. Lewis. Analysis and design of analog integrated circuits (fourth edition), New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2001
[29] G. Giustolisi, G. Palumbo. A Detailed Analysis of Power-Supply Noise Attenuation in Bandgap Voltage references, IEEE Trans. On circuits and systems, 2003, vol.50, No.3:185-197
[30] W. M. C. Sansen. Analog Design Essentials. Netherlands: Springer, 2006
[31] B. K. Ahuja. An improved frequency compensation technique for CMOS operational amplifiers, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 1983, Vol.18, No.6: 629-633
[32]张卫平.开关变换器的建模与控制.北京:中国电力出版社, 2006
[33] P. J. Hurst, S. H. Lewis. Miller compensation using current buffers in fully differential CMOS two-stage operational amplifiers, IEEE Trans. on circuits and systems, 2004, Vol.51, No.2:275-284
[34] Alan B. Grebene. Bipolar and MOS analog integrated circuit design, New York: John Wiley, 1984
[35] B. L. Barranco, T. S. Gotarredona. On the design and characterization of femtoampere current-mode circuits, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, 2003, vol.38, no.8: 1353–1353.
[36] N. Rouger, J. Crebier, S. Catellani. High-efficiency and Full Integrated Self-powering Technique for Intelligent Switch-based Flyback Convertors, IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications, 2008, vol. 44, No.3: 826-835
[37] M. S. J. Steyaert, W. M. Sansen.Power supply rejection ratio in operational transconductanceamplifiers, IEEE Trans. on circuits and systems, 1990, vol,37, No.9: 1077-1084
[38] F. Ma, W. Chen, J. Wu. A Monolithic Current-Mode Buck Converter With Advanced control and Protection Circuits, IEEE TRANS. on Power Electronics, 2007, Vol.22, No.5: 1836-1846
[39] G. J. Smith. soft-start Voltage Regulator Circuit, 2005,U.S. Patent 6969977
[40]R. MAYELL, E.H.Quek. A New Integrated Switcher IC Family——A Feature Rich Solution for Demanding Power Conversion Applications, http://www. powerint. Com
[2]蔡宣三.开关电源发展轨迹.电子产品世界,2000, 4:42-43
[3]沙占友.单片开关电源的发展趋势.电气时代, 2003, 8:49-51
[4]丁道宏.国内外开关电源发展展望.电气时代, 2000, 10:14-15
[5]刘凤君.现代高频开关电源技术及应用.北京:电子工业出版社, 2008
[6]俞阿龙.电流控制PWM开关电源.电声技术. 2002,11:33-35
[7] R. W. Erickson, D. Maksmovic. Fundamental of power electronics(Second Edition). Nowell MA: Kluwer, 2001
[8]王予,张培,胡海如.开关电源原理及发展方向.中国科技信息, 2007, 14:85-86
[9] R. Mammano. Switching power supply topology: Voltage mode vs. current mode. Unitrode Design Note DN-62. Dallas, TX: Texas Instruments Incorporated, 1994
[10]沙占友等.单片开关电源的发展及其应用.电子技术应用,2000,(1):4-6
[11]沙占友等.新型单片开关电源设计与应用技术.北京:电子工业出版社, 2004
[12]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2004,1-3
[13]毛鸿,吴兆麟.电流控制模式开关电源的分析与设计.工业仪表与自动化. 1999,6:42-44
[14]胡兴军.电源管理产品发展趋势.电源世界,2006, 8:69
[15] Modeling Analysis and Compensation of the Current-mode Converter. Unitrode Application Note, U-97
[16]A. I. Pressman.开关电源设计,王志强译.北京:电子工业出版社, 2005
[17] B. Razavi. Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits. Boston: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2001: 345-404
[18] R. J. Widlar,“New developments in IC voltage regulators,”IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, 1971,vol. SC-6(1): 2-7
[19] A. P. Brokaw. A simple three-terminal IC bandgap reference, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuit, 1974, vol. SC-9: 388-393
[20] Y. Tsividis. Accurate analyzes of temperature effects in IC–VBE characteristics with application to bandgap reference sources. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 1980,vol.15: 1076–1084
[21] G. A. Rincon-Mora. Voltage references—From Diodes to High-Precision High Order BandgapCircuits. USA, IEEE Press, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2002
[22] P. Malcovati, F. Maloberti, C. Fiocchi. Curvature-compensated BiCMOS bandgap with 1V supply voltage, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 2001, Vol.36:1076-1081
[23] G. A. Rincón-Mora, P. E. Allen. A 1.1-V current-mode and piecewise-linear curvature-corrected bandgap voltage reference. IEEE J. of Solid-State Circuit, 1998, Vol.33, No.10: 1551–1554
[24] C. Avoinne, T. Rashid, V. Chowdhury. Second-order compensated bandgap reference with convex correction. Electronics Letters, 2005, Vol.41, No.4:276– 277
[25] K. N. Leung, P. K. T. Mok and C. Y. Leung. A 2-V 23-ptA 5.3-ppm/°C curvature-compensated CMOS bandgap voltage reference, IEEE J. of Solid-State Circuit, 2003,Vol. 38, No.3:561-564
[26] I. Lee, G. Kin, W. Kim. Exponential curvature-compensated BiCMOS bandgap references, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuit, 1994, Vol.29, No.11:1396-1403
[27] P. E. Allen, D. R. Holberg. CMOS Analog Circuit Design (Second Edition), England: Oxford University Press, 2002
[28] P. R. Gray, R.G.Meyer, P. J. Hurst, S. H. Lewis. Analysis and design of analog integrated circuits (fourth edition), New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2001
[29] G. Giustolisi, G. Palumbo. A Detailed Analysis of Power-Supply Noise Attenuation in Bandgap Voltage references, IEEE Trans. On circuits and systems, 2003, vol.50, No.3:185-197
[30] W. M. C. Sansen. Analog Design Essentials. Netherlands: Springer, 2006
[31] B. K. Ahuja. An improved frequency compensation technique for CMOS operational amplifiers, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 1983, Vol.18, No.6: 629-633
[32]张卫平.开关变换器的建模与控制.北京:中国电力出版社, 2006
[33] P. J. Hurst, S. H. Lewis. Miller compensation using current buffers in fully differential CMOS two-stage operational amplifiers, IEEE Trans. on circuits and systems, 2004, Vol.51, No.2:275-284
[34] Alan B. Grebene. Bipolar and MOS analog integrated circuit design, New York: John Wiley, 1984
[35] B. L. Barranco, T. S. Gotarredona. On the design and characterization of femtoampere current-mode circuits, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, 2003, vol.38, no.8: 1353–1353.
[36] N. Rouger, J. Crebier, S. Catellani. High-efficiency and Full Integrated Self-powering Technique for Intelligent Switch-based Flyback Convertors, IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications, 2008, vol. 44, No.3: 826-835
[37] M. S. J. Steyaert, W. M. Sansen.Power supply rejection ratio in operational transconductanceamplifiers, IEEE Trans. on circuits and systems, 1990, vol,37, No.9: 1077-1084
[38] F. Ma, W. Chen, J. Wu. A Monolithic Current-Mode Buck Converter With Advanced control and Protection Circuits, IEEE TRANS. on Power Electronics, 2007, Vol.22, No.5: 1836-1846
[39] G. J. Smith. soft-start Voltage Regulator Circuit, 2005,U.S. Patent 6969977
[40]R. MAYELL, E.H.Quek. A New Integrated Switcher IC Family——A Feature Rich Solution for Demanding Power Conversion Applications, http://www. powerint. Com