中国生猪规模养殖的经济学分析
摘要
规模养殖已成为我国养猪业的发展方向,目前正处于加快发展的关键时期。论文围绕生猪规模养殖的有关经济学问题展开研究,试图找出深层次影响因素,具有理论和现实意义。
论文在梳理国内外文献资料的基础上,应用规模经济、区域优势、生产率等相关理论,以国家和行业公布的数据为研究资料,利用区域比较优势指数、生猪单位增重成本收益、基于DEA的Manquist指数等方法,研究了2000年以来我国生猪规模养殖的发展趋势与发展动因、区域分布与区域优势特征,不同养殖规模生猪的成本收益与生产率变化特征及全要素生产率(TFP)的增长源泉,以及美国生猪规模养殖的发展趋势与发展经验等。论文提出的政策建议具有参考价值。
论文主要在以下几方面开展了创新性研究：
1.综合分析了我国生猪规模养殖的发展动因。结果表明,人口增长、经济社会发展、技术进步、粮食增产、市场竞争、政策扶持等多种因素推动了我国生猪规模养殖的快速发展。
2.分析比较了我国不同规模养殖生猪的区域分布与不同区域生猪生产的比较优势。结果发现,我国生猪规模养殖有从东部向中西部和东北地区转移的趋势,但生猪生产的优势区域仍主要分布于东南沿海地区、长江中下游地区以及西南地区等水稻生产优势区,而华北的小麦、玉米生产优势区以及东北的玉米生产优势区并未成为生猪生产优势区域,表明有必要采取更加积极的扶持政策措施加快生猪规模养殖向华北和东北地区转移。
3.揭示了我国生猪养殖规模大小与成本效益的关系。应用生猪单位增重的总成本与净利润指标,更加准确地分析比较了我国不同养殖规模生猪的成本效益变化特征。结果显示,随猪场规模扩大,生猪养殖成本呈现“U”型变化,而养殖效益则呈现“倒U”型变化,中小规模具有一定的成本效益优势,而大规模养殖并不呈现规模经济,表明我国养猪业应坚持“适度规模”发展原则,不应过度追求规模数量的扩大,同时亟需提高规模养殖的技术管理水平。
4.探讨了不同规模养殖生猪的TFP增长率与增长源泉。运用基于DEA的Manquist指数法对我国不同养殖规模的TFP增长率及其技术进步与技术效率变化率的时空变化进行分析比较。结果显示,不同规模养殖生猪的TFP都呈正向增长(年均0.7%-1.8%),但增长源泉不同,其中散养主要源于技术进步,中小规模养殖主要源于技术效率改善,而大规模养殖主要源于技术进步和技术效率改善的共同作用,表明今后除需继续加强大规模养殖的技术研发与推广力度外,还要侧重加强生猪散养的技术推广以及中小规模养殖的技术研发。
本文在上述分析基础上,结合美国生猪规模养殖的发展历程与启示,提出了促进我国生猪规模养殖的政策建议：充分发挥不同养殖规模的优势,构建合理的生猪养殖规模结构；加大科技创新与应用力度,不断提升生猪生产水平；创新生产组织形式,加快生猪产业化进程；有序推动生猪规模养殖区域移动,促进生猪规模养殖合理布局；提高猪场粪污的治理能力,促进生猪规模养殖可持续发展。
With the transformation of China's pig industry from traditional scattered-raising to modern scale-breeding, it is becoming more and more important to improve production level and efficiency of pig scale-breeding, promote its rational distribution, effectively alleviate its pressure on resources and environment, and achieve sustained and stable development of the pig industry. Basing on the related theories on economy of scale, regional advantages, cost-benefit and productivity, this dissertation uses official statistics data from2000to2010, and methods of comparative analysis, index analysis, and econometric analysis to study present situation, regional distribution and regional advantage, cost-benefit, and productivity of pig scale-breeding in China.
The results of this study show that:(1) Rapid development of pig scale-breeding in China is attributed to population growth and economic and social development, technological progress, grain production, market competition, and policy support.(2) There is a trend that pig scale-breeding shifts from eastern region to mid-western and northeastern regions. However, the dominant areas of pig production is mainly concentrated in the southeast coastal areas, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Southwest areas, where are abound in rice, while the wheat and corn planting areas in the North China, and maize planting areas in Northeast are not dominant pig producing areas. Therefore, more policies should be taken to accelerate pig scale-breeding shift to the North and Northeast of China.(3) With the expansion of pig farm scale, the cost of pig raising shows "U" type, while its benefit presents "inverted U" type. It indicates that small-and medium-scale breeding have cost-effective, but large-scale breeding does not show the economies of scale,. During a longer period in the future, China's pig industry should insist on "moderate scale" development principles, and should not excessively increase size of pig operation. Meanwhile, it is critical to raise level of the technical management of pig scale-breeding.(4) Total factor productivity (TFP) of different scales of pig breeding shows shown positive growth (TFPch0.7%-1.8%), but there are significant differences in average annual growth rate and sources of growth. The scattered-raising is mainly due to advances in technology, small-and middle-scale breeding mainly due to improvement of technical efficiency, and large-scale breedng is mainly due to the combination of technological progress and technical efficiency improvement. Therefore, it is important to continue to strengthen technological research and application of large-scale pig breeding, and we also should enhance technological application of scattered-raising and research of small-and medium-scale pig breeding in the future.
Based on the above analysis, and learned from the development process of pig scale-breeding in the United States, policy suggestions to promote pig scale-breeding in China have been put forward as follows:(1) make full use of advantages of different raising patterns, and build a reasonable pig breeding scale structure;(2) increase scientific and technological innovation and application, and constantly incease the production level of pig industry;(3) innovate forms of production organization, and speed up process of pig industrialization;(4) orderly drive regional shifts, and promote rational distribution of pig scale-breeding;(5) enhance waste management of pig operations, and promote sustainable development of pig scale-breeding.
论文在梳理国内外文献资料的基础上,应用规模经济、区域优势、生产率等相关理论,以国家和行业公布的数据为研究资料,利用区域比较优势指数、生猪单位增重成本收益、基于DEA的Manquist指数等方法,研究了2000年以来我国生猪规模养殖的发展趋势与发展动因、区域分布与区域优势特征,不同养殖规模生猪的成本收益与生产率变化特征及全要素生产率(TFP)的增长源泉,以及美国生猪规模养殖的发展趋势与发展经验等。论文提出的政策建议具有参考价值。
论文主要在以下几方面开展了创新性研究：
1.综合分析了我国生猪规模养殖的发展动因。结果表明,人口增长、经济社会发展、技术进步、粮食增产、市场竞争、政策扶持等多种因素推动了我国生猪规模养殖的快速发展。
2.分析比较了我国不同规模养殖生猪的区域分布与不同区域生猪生产的比较优势。结果发现,我国生猪规模养殖有从东部向中西部和东北地区转移的趋势,但生猪生产的优势区域仍主要分布于东南沿海地区、长江中下游地区以及西南地区等水稻生产优势区,而华北的小麦、玉米生产优势区以及东北的玉米生产优势区并未成为生猪生产优势区域,表明有必要采取更加积极的扶持政策措施加快生猪规模养殖向华北和东北地区转移。
3.揭示了我国生猪养殖规模大小与成本效益的关系。应用生猪单位增重的总成本与净利润指标,更加准确地分析比较了我国不同养殖规模生猪的成本效益变化特征。结果显示,随猪场规模扩大,生猪养殖成本呈现“U”型变化,而养殖效益则呈现“倒U”型变化,中小规模具有一定的成本效益优势,而大规模养殖并不呈现规模经济,表明我国养猪业应坚持“适度规模”发展原则,不应过度追求规模数量的扩大,同时亟需提高规模养殖的技术管理水平。
4.探讨了不同规模养殖生猪的TFP增长率与增长源泉。运用基于DEA的Manquist指数法对我国不同养殖规模的TFP增长率及其技术进步与技术效率变化率的时空变化进行分析比较。结果显示,不同规模养殖生猪的TFP都呈正向增长(年均0.7%-1.8%),但增长源泉不同,其中散养主要源于技术进步,中小规模养殖主要源于技术效率改善,而大规模养殖主要源于技术进步和技术效率改善的共同作用,表明今后除需继续加强大规模养殖的技术研发与推广力度外,还要侧重加强生猪散养的技术推广以及中小规模养殖的技术研发。
本文在上述分析基础上,结合美国生猪规模养殖的发展历程与启示,提出了促进我国生猪规模养殖的政策建议：充分发挥不同养殖规模的优势,构建合理的生猪养殖规模结构；加大科技创新与应用力度,不断提升生猪生产水平；创新生产组织形式,加快生猪产业化进程；有序推动生猪规模养殖区域移动,促进生猪规模养殖合理布局；提高猪场粪污的治理能力,促进生猪规模养殖可持续发展。
With the transformation of China's pig industry from traditional scattered-raising to modern scale-breeding, it is becoming more and more important to improve production level and efficiency of pig scale-breeding, promote its rational distribution, effectively alleviate its pressure on resources and environment, and achieve sustained and stable development of the pig industry. Basing on the related theories on economy of scale, regional advantages, cost-benefit and productivity, this dissertation uses official statistics data from2000to2010, and methods of comparative analysis, index analysis, and econometric analysis to study present situation, regional distribution and regional advantage, cost-benefit, and productivity of pig scale-breeding in China.
The results of this study show that:(1) Rapid development of pig scale-breeding in China is attributed to population growth and economic and social development, technological progress, grain production, market competition, and policy support.(2) There is a trend that pig scale-breeding shifts from eastern region to mid-western and northeastern regions. However, the dominant areas of pig production is mainly concentrated in the southeast coastal areas, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Southwest areas, where are abound in rice, while the wheat and corn planting areas in the North China, and maize planting areas in Northeast are not dominant pig producing areas. Therefore, more policies should be taken to accelerate pig scale-breeding shift to the North and Northeast of China.(3) With the expansion of pig farm scale, the cost of pig raising shows "U" type, while its benefit presents "inverted U" type. It indicates that small-and medium-scale breeding have cost-effective, but large-scale breeding does not show the economies of scale,. During a longer period in the future, China's pig industry should insist on "moderate scale" development principles, and should not excessively increase size of pig operation. Meanwhile, it is critical to raise level of the technical management of pig scale-breeding.(4) Total factor productivity (TFP) of different scales of pig breeding shows shown positive growth (TFPch0.7%-1.8%), but there are significant differences in average annual growth rate and sources of growth. The scattered-raising is mainly due to advances in technology, small-and middle-scale breeding mainly due to improvement of technical efficiency, and large-scale breedng is mainly due to the combination of technological progress and technical efficiency improvement. Therefore, it is important to continue to strengthen technological research and application of large-scale pig breeding, and we also should enhance technological application of scattered-raising and research of small-and medium-scale pig breeding in the future.
Based on the above analysis, and learned from the development process of pig scale-breeding in the United States, policy suggestions to promote pig scale-breeding in China have been put forward as follows:(1) make full use of advantages of different raising patterns, and build a reasonable pig breeding scale structure;(2) increase scientific and technological innovation and application, and constantly incease the production level of pig industry;(3) innovate forms of production organization, and speed up process of pig industrialization;(4) orderly drive regional shifts, and promote rational distribution of pig scale-breeding;(5) enhance waste management of pig operations, and promote sustainable development of pig scale-breeding.
引文
1.宾军宜.四川推进规模养殖的前瞻性思考.四川畜牧兽医,2007,34(11)：9—10
2.柴斌锋.中国玉米成本及经济效益研究.北京：中国农业出版社,2009
3.蔡宝祥.我国畜禽传染病防制研究的主要成就和发展动向.畜牧与兽医,2000,32(3)：1—3
4.陈斌,易本驰,程丰.二十世纪中国养猪业发展史.信阳农业高等专科学校学报,2007,17(1)：115—118
5.陈建新.规模化养殖与环境污染的治理.中国畜牧兽医报,2007-07-15
6.陈焕生,聂风英.国外养猪业发展的趋势与经验.饲料研究,2005,(1)：40—43；(2)31—34
7.陈诗波,王亚静,李崇光.中国生猪生产效率及影响因素分析.农业机械化研究,2008,29(1)：40—44
8.邓蓉,张存根.关于我国生猪生产发展问题研究.见：张存根等主编.畜牧业经济与发展(2006—2007).北京：中国农业出版社,2008..35—54
9.邓蓉,张存根,王伟.中国畜牧业发展研究..北京：中国农业出版社,2005.93—97
10.丁正洪.农村适度规模养猪是我国养猪业的发展方向.云南农业,2009,(10)：20
11.刁运华.加快生产方式转变推动养猪水平升级.见：沈广主编.2008年中国猪业进展.北京：中国农业出版社,2008
12.杜丹清.关于生猪规模化生产与稳定市场价格的研究.价格理论与实践,2009,(7)：19—20
13.冯永辉.我国生猪规模化养殖及区域布局变化趋势.中国畜牧杂志,2006,42(4)：22—26
14.冯永辉.2007年我国生猪市场走势分析预测.畜牧市场,2007,(2)：1315
15.傅浩然,刘云富.以规模养殖破解生猪发展难题——对传统养猪生产模式转型的思考.四川畜牧兽医,2008,35(4)：24—25
16.弗朗斯瓦·魁奈著；吴斐丹,张草纫译.魁奈经济著作选集.北京：商务印书馆,1997
17.高鸿业等.西方经济学：微观部分.第三版.中国人民大学出版社,2004.174175
18.葛翔,石有龙,刘诺等.20年来我国养猪业的区域化与商品化生产预测.饲料广角,2003,(2)：3—6；(3)：6—10
19.国家发改委价格司.全国农产品成本收益资料汇编(20012011).北京：中国统计出版社,20012011
20.国家统计局.中国统计年鉴(19802010).北京：中国统计出版社,19802010
21.国家统计局农村社会经济调查司.中国农村统计年鉴(19852010).北京：中国统计出版社,19852010
22.郭剑.发展适度规模养猪推进生猪产业化进程.养猪,2003,(2)：34—35
23.国土资源部、农业部.关于促进规模化畜禽养殖有关用地政策的通知http://www.gov.cn/gzdt/2007-09/24/content_759819.htm,2007-09-21
24.郭伟奇.畜牧业适度规模经营及影响因素分析.现代农业,2010,(1)：47—48
25.国务院办公厅.国务院关于促进畜牧业持续健康发展的意见http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2007-02/06/content519464.htm,2007-02-06
26.国务院办公厅.国务院关于促进生猪生产发展稳定市场供应的意见.]http://www.mofcom. gov.cn/aarticle/b/g/200709/20070905095638.html,2007-07-30
27.海关总署.中国海关统计年鉴(19802009).北京：中国海关出版社,19802009
28.韩峰.中国农产品成本收益核算指标体系演变及改进研究：[硕士学位论文].北京：中国农业大学,2005
29.韩洪云,舒朗山.中国生猪产业演进趋势及诱因分析.中国畜牧杂志,2010,46(12)：7—12
30.何亮.临河养猪业效益分析及规模化经营问题研究：[硕士学位论文].内蒙古农业大学,2009
31.何晓红,马月辉.由美国澳大利亚荷兰养殖业发展看我国畜牧业规模化养殖.中国畜牧兽医,2007,(4)：149152
32.胡浩,张锋,黄延珺等.中国猪肉生产的区域性布局及发展趋势分析.中国畜牧杂志,2009,45(20)：43—47
33.环保部科技标准司.畜禽养殖业污染防治技术政策http://www.zhb.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bwj/201101/t20110107199664.htm,2010-12-30
34.黄德林.中国畜牧业区域化、规模化及动物疫病损失特征和补贴的实证研究：[博士后论文].北京：中国农业科学院,2004
35.黄英伟.新中国生猪生产五十年发展研究：[硕士学位论文].北京：中国农业大学,2007
36.金剑.生产率增长测算方法的系统研究：[博士学位论文].长春：东北财经大学,2007
37.李谷成.基于转型视角的中国农业生产率研究：[博士学位论文].武汉：华中农业大学,2008
38.李桦,郑少锋,王艳花.我国生猪规模养殖生产成本变动因素分析.农业技术经济,2006,(1)：49—52
39.李桦,郑少锋,郭亚军.我国生猪不同饲养方式生产成本变动分析.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2007,35(1)：63—67
40.李桦.生猪饲养规模及成本效益分析：[博士学位论文].陕西：西北农林科技大学,2007
41.李继仁等.加强校企合作化解养猪行业人才缺乏困境.黑龙江畜牧兽医,2011,(20)：3637
42.李静,张昕欣,费本飞.我国不同模式下生猪养殖的成本与收益对比——基于1988—2006年统计数据分析.中国畜牧杂志,2008,44(24)：26—30
43.李瑾,秦向阳.基于比较优势理论的我国畜牧业区域结构调控研究.农业现代化研究,2009,30(1)：6—10
44.李齐贤.规模养猪的生产流程与防病管理的新理念.养猪,2009,(3)：28—29
45.江宜航.生猪养殖格局变迁融资问题不容忽视.中国经济时报,2009-07-15
46.刘芳,李瑞芬,沈卓.北京市养猪业经济效益评价.北京农学院学报,2005,20(2)：28—33
47.刘礼.加快规模化养殖进程的思考.中国畜牧杂志,2005,41(7)：5657
48.刘少伯.规模养殖业形势看好,散养户步入“拐点”——2007年4月份以后肥猪价格市场预测与相关政策研究.中国畜牧兽医报,2007-05-27
49.刘玉满.发达国家畜牧业经济发展趋势及对我国的启示.饲料广角,2007,(13)：8—10, 39
50.马惠兰.区域农产品比较优势理论分析.农业现代化研究,2004,25(4)：246—250
51.马恒运,唐华仓,任晓静.中国畜产品全要素生产力研究.见：促进农民增收的技术经济问题研究——中国农业技术经济研究会2004年学术研讨会论文集,2004.353357
52.聂凤英.2003年我国猪肉市场形势分析.中国食物与营养,2004,(2)：3739
53.宁攸凉,乔娟,王征兵.中国大中城市生猪大规模养殖模式的成本效率分析.技术经济,2010,29(2)：81—83,97
54.农业部.2002年猪肉市场形势分析.中国畜牧兽医文摘,2003,(3)：1620
55.农业部畜牧业司.中国畜牧业年鉴(19982009).北京：中国农业出版社,19982009
56.农业部畜牧业司.农业部关于加快推进畜禽标准化规模养殖的意见http://www.moa.gov.cn/zwllm/zcfg/nybgz/201003/t20100329_1456972.htm,2010-03-29
57.潘耀国.中国畜牧业新特点和饲料行业发展走向.中国饲料,2009,(14)：1—4
58.沈琼,张银定,潘向东.不同饲养方式下生猪的成本收益差异分析.中国动物保健,2004,(5)：34—37
59.俟名.2004年我国生猪市场分析及2005年行情预测.饲料博览,2005,(4)：49
60.俟名.美国用生物工程技术培育出“环保猪”.中国家禽,2010,32(21)：30
61.苏振环.规模养猪促进养猪业的发展.饲料与畜牧(规模养猪),2009,(3)：卷首语
62.田露,张越杰.吉林省农户养猪生产效率分析.吉林农业大学学报,2008,30(5)：764—768
63.谭莹.我国生猪生产效率及补贴政策评价.华南农业大学学报(社科版),2010,9(3)84—90
64.谭莹,李大胜.生猪的规模化养殖与环境保护：困境及选择——基于美国生猪产业养殖经验.中国农学通报,2010,26(13)：2022
65.汪三贵等.我国畜牧业增长的因素分析.农村经济与社会,1993,(1)：49—54
66.王济民,周礼,梁书民等.生猪生产的饲料报酬和成本构成.中国牧业通讯,1999,(5)：6—7
67.王林云.中国养猪业的可持续发展与适度、有序生产.见：中国畜牧兽医学会养猪学分会编.2003北京国际养猪研讨会暨展览会论文集,2003.15—19
68.王明利.转型中的中国畜牧业发展研究.北京：中国农业出版社,2008
69.吴春明,陈君,蒋保健.农区畜牧规模化生产初探.中国禽业,2004,21(13)：14
70.熊远著.中国养猪业发展道路.中国猪业,2006,(4)：4—7
71.薛继春,王承华,胡源等.畜禽规模养殖调查.畜牧市场,2006,(8)：39—43
72.薛毫祥,陈章言,曹天妹.不同饲养方式下养猪成本效益浅析与思考.江西农业学报,2006,18(5)：212—213
73.亚当·斯密.国民财富的性质和原因的研究.北京：商务印书馆,1972
74.闫春轩.畜牧业生产方式转变的形式、内容和途径.中国草食动物,2008,28(5)：55—56
75.杨汉春.盘点养猪2009之：我国主要猪病流行概况.猪业科学,2010,(1)：42
76.杨汉春.2010年猪病流行情况与2011年猪病流行趋势及防控对策.猪业科学,2011,(1)：4748
77.杨朝英,徐学荣.中国生猪生产支持政策对价格调控的有效性分析.见：第六届博士生学术年会论文集,2008..485—491
78.杨宏军,赵宏坤.规模化养猪场的环境污染和应对措施.见：第一届中国养猪生产和疾病控制技术大会——2005中国畜牧兽医学会学术年会论文集,2005.396400
79.杨顺元.全要素生产率理论及实证研究：[硕士学位论文].天津：天津大学,2006
80.杨湘华.中国生猪业生产的效率及其影响因素分析：[硕士学位论文].南京：南京农业大学,2008
81.殷耀,李泽兵.粮食安全压力来自饲料用粮.农民日报,2004-09-07
82.尹正纯等.生猪规模养殖场存在的问题与建议.畜牧兽医杂志,2009,28(3)：7375
83.于爱芝.中国生猪饲养业比较优势分析.农业技术经济,2005,(1)：40—44
84.于潇萌,刘爱民.促使畜牧业养殖方式变化的因素分析.中国畜牧杂志,2007,43(10)5155
85.詹和平.山东省畜牧业生产的效率分析：[硕士学位论文].合肥：安徽农业大学,2004
86.张存根等.转变中的中国畜牧业：趋势与政策调整.北京：中国农业出版社,2006
87.张存根.转变中的中国畜牧业.中国禽业导刊,2009,26(21)：20—21
88.张广胜等.微观经济学.北京：中国农业大学出版社,2003
89.张军.生猪养殖业环境污染问题日益突出须加强治理.
90.张军,施少华,陈诗一.中国的工业改革与效率变化.经济学(季刊),2003,3(1)：1-38
91.张军民,李秋菊.我国生猪适宜养殖模式的探讨.中国农业科技导报,2008,10(6)：23—28
92.张美珍,薛继亮,罗创国.基于分工演进视角下的规模不经济和中国猪肉价格波动.中国畜牧杂志,2010,46(6)：23—27
93.张琪.试论规模化养殖的利与弊.中国牛业科学,2006,32(2)：38—39
94.张喜才,张利痒.中国生猪产业链整合的困境与突围.中国畜牧杂志,2010,46(8)：22—26
95.张晓辉,卢迈.我国农户生猪饲养规模及饲料转化率变化趋势探讨.中国农村经济,1997,(5)：53—55
96.张晓辉,Agapi Somwam, Fnncis Tuan中国生猪生产结构、成本和效益比较研究.中国畜牧杂志,2006,42(4)：27—31
97.张绪涛.对农村养猪业发展的思考——在农村发展适度规模化养殖.四川畜牧兽医,2007,34(4)：10
98.张毅.猪价持续低迷引关注生猪产业发展方式亟待转变.人民网,2010-06-27
99.张子川.生猪市场回顾与展望.中国猪业,2009,(3)：3739
100.张子仪.中国养猪业的今昔与展望.见：猪营养国际学术研讨会/农业部饲料工业中心第十届科技年会论文集,2006
101.郑少锋.农产品成本核算体系及控制机理研究：[博士学位论文].杨凌：西北农林科技大学,2002
102.周道雷,李陆钦.规模化养猪工程技术的发展现状和趋势.养殖与饲料,2005,(7)：45—49
103.周俊玲.发达国家养殖业污染的防治对策与启示.世界农业,2006,(8)：12—14
104.周胜利.我国生猪产业发展问题研究：[硕士学位论文].武汉：华中农业大学,2005
105.周咏.散养户和专业户饲养生猪的生产效率比较.农业技术经济,1999,(3)：36—39
106.颛锡良.标准化规模养殖,离我们还有多远?北方牧业,2010,(1)：14
107. Abdalla C W, Lanyon L E, Hallberg M C. What we know about historical trends in firm location decisions and regional shifts:policy issues for an industralizing animal sector. Amer. J. Agric. Econ.,1995,77(5):1229-1236
108. Aigner J, Lovell K, SehmidtP. Formulation and estimation of stochastic frontier production function models. Journal of Econometric,1977,6:21-37
109. Aigner D, Chu S. On Estimating the Industry production Function. American Economic Revtew,1968,58:826-835
110.Banker R D, Chames A, Cooper W W. Some Models for Estimating Technical and Scale Inefficiencies in Data Envelopment Analysis. Manage. Sci.,1984,30(September):1078-1092.
111. Ben-Belhassen B, Womack A W. Measurement and Explanation of Technical Efficiency in Missouri Hog Production. American Agricultural Economics Association(AAEA) Annual Meeting, Tampa, Florida, July30-August2,2000
112. Bishwa B A, Harsh S B, Cheney L M. Factors affecting regional shifts of U.S pork production. American Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting, Montreal, Canada, July27-30,2003
113. Brewer C, Kliebenstein J, Hayenga M. Pork Production Costs:A Comparison Of Major Pork Exporting Countries. Staff Paper No.302, Department of Economics,Iowa State University,1998
114. Brum M C, Harmon J D, Honeyman M S, et al. Hoop Barns for Grow-Finish Swine. Agricultural Engineers Digest,2004,41
115. Charnes A, Cooper W W, Rhodes E. Measuring the Efficiency of Decision Making Units. Eur. J. Operational Res.,1978.,(2):429-444
116. Caves D, Christensen L, Diewert E. The Economic Theory of Index Numbers and the Measurement of Input, Output, and Productivity. Econometrica,1982,50(6):1393-1414
117. Coelli T, Rao D S, Battese G. An Introduction to Efficiency and Productivity Analysis. Kluwer, London,1998
118. Davis H S. Productivity accounting. Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania Press,1955
119. Denison E F. The Sources of Economic Growth in the United States and the Alternatives Before Us. Supplementary Paper No.13. New York:Committee for Economic Development,1962
120. Fare R, Grosskopf.S.Malmquist Productivity Indexes and Fisher Ideal Indexes.. Economic Journal,1992,102(410):158-160
121. Hallam A. Economies of Size and Scale in Agriculture:An Interpretative Review of Empirical Measurement. Review of Agricultural Economics,1991,(13):155-172
122. Hurt C. Industrialization in the Pork Industry. Food, Farm&Resource Issues,1994,(9):9-13
123. Jorgenson D W, Zvi Griliches. The Explanation of Productivity Change. Review of Economic Studies,1967,34((3):249-283
124. Key N, McBride W. The Changing Economics of U.S. Hog Production, ERR-52, USDA-ERS, Dec.2007
125. Key N, McBride W D, Ribaudo M. Changes in Manure Management in the Hog Sector:1998-2004. Economic Information Bulletin Number50, USDA-ERS, March2009
126. Key N, McBride W, Mosheim R. Decomposition of Total Factor Productivity Change in the U.S. Hog Industry. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics,2008,40(1):137-149
127. Kliebenstein J B, Lawrence J D, Duffy M. Economics of the Production Industry, In:Iowa's Pork Industry—Dollars and Scents. Iowa State University. Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station. University Extension. January,1998
128. Ma Hengyun, Rae A, Jikun Huang.2004. China's Livestock Production:Decomposing Total Factor Productivity. In:9Convention Of The East Asian Economic Association13-14November2004, Hong Kong
129. MacDonald J M, McBride W D. The Transformation of U.S. Livestock Agriculture:Scale, Efficiency, and Risks. Electronic Information Bulletin,2009, Number43, USDA-ERS
130. Malmquist S. Index NumbersandIndifference Surfaces. Trabajos de Estadistica,1953,(4):209-242.
131. McBride W D, Key N. Economic and Structural Relationships in US Hog Production. Resource Economics Division, Economic Research Service, US Department of Agriculture. http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/aer818/,2003
132. McBride W D, Key N. Characteristics and Production Costs of U.S. Hog Farms,2004. Economic Information Bulletin,2007, Number32, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service
133. Meeusen W, van den Broeck J. Efficiency estimation from Cob-Douglas production functions with composed error. International Economic Review,1977,18:435-444
134. Mikesell R E, Kephart K B, Abdulla C W. Overview of Social Issues Related to the Swine Industry. University of Illinois Extension:Illiniois sowm (Swine Odor and Waste Management) papers. http://www. livestocktrail.uiuc. edu/sowm/paperDisplay. cfm? Content ID=6504,2004
135. Onal H, Unnevehr L, Bekric A. Regional Shifts in Pork Production:Implication for Competition and Food Safety. American Journal of Agricultural Economics,2000,82:968-978.
136. Pan Chenjun, Kinsey J. The Supply Chain of Pork:U.S. and China. Working Paper02-01,The Food Industry Center University of Minnesota,2002
137. Rhodes V J. The Industrialization of Hog Production. Review of Agricultural Economics,1995,17:107-118.
138. Roe B, Irwin E G, Sharp J S. Pigs in space modelling the spatial structure of hog production regions. American J. Of Agri. Economics,2002,84(2):259-278
139. Rowland W, Langemeier M, Schurle B, Featherstone A. A Nonparametric Efficiency Analysis of a Sample of Kansas Swine Operations. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics,1998,30(1):189-199.
140. Schaffer H D, Koonnathamdee P, Ray D E. An economic analysis of the social costs of the industrialized production of pork in the United States. Institute of Agriculture, Agricultural Policy Analysis Center, Department of Agricultural Economics. Knoxville:University of Tennessee,2008
141. Sharma K R, Leung P, Zaleski H M. Economic analysis of size and feed type of swine production in Hawaii. Swine Health and Production,1997a,5(3):103-110
142. Sharma K, Leung P, Zaleski H M. Productive Efficiency of the Swine Industry in Hawaii: Stochastic Frontier vs. Data Envelopment Analysis. Journal of Productivity Analysis,1997b,(8):447-459
143. Solow Robert. Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function. Review of Economics and Statistics,1957,39:312-320.
144. Stigler G R. Trends in Output and Employment. New York:National Bureau of Economic Research,1947
145. Stofferahn C W.Industrialized Farming and Its Relationship to Community Weil-Being:An Update of a2000Report by Linda Lobao. Report Prepared for the State of South Dakota, Office of the Attorney General. Department of Sociology, The University of North Dakota:Grand Forks, North Dakota,2006
146. Sullivan J, Vasavada U, Smith M. Environmental Regulation and Location of Hog Production. Agricultural Outlook,2000, September:19-23
147. Tinbergen Jan. Zur Theorie der langfristigenw Wirtschaftsentwieklung. Weltwirtscha-ftliches Archiv,1942,55(1):511-549
148. Tonsor G, Featherstone A M. Heterogeneous Production Efficiency of Specialized Swine Producers. Southern Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meetings, Orlando, FL, February5-8,2006
149. USDA-APHIS-VS-CEAH. Swine2006,2008
150. USDA-NASS. Farms, Land in Farms, and Livestock Operations2009Summary,2010
151. USDA-NASS. Agricultural Statistics (2003—2010). Washington:U.S. Government Printing Office,2003—2010
2.柴斌锋.中国玉米成本及经济效益研究.北京：中国农业出版社,2009
3.蔡宝祥.我国畜禽传染病防制研究的主要成就和发展动向.畜牧与兽医,2000,32(3)：1—3
4.陈斌,易本驰,程丰.二十世纪中国养猪业发展史.信阳农业高等专科学校学报,2007,17(1)：115—118
5.陈建新.规模化养殖与环境污染的治理.中国畜牧兽医报,2007-07-15
6.陈焕生,聂风英.国外养猪业发展的趋势与经验.饲料研究,2005,(1)：40—43；(2)31—34
7.陈诗波,王亚静,李崇光.中国生猪生产效率及影响因素分析.农业机械化研究,2008,29(1)：40—44
8.邓蓉,张存根.关于我国生猪生产发展问题研究.见：张存根等主编.畜牧业经济与发展(2006—2007).北京：中国农业出版社,2008..35—54
9.邓蓉,张存根,王伟.中国畜牧业发展研究..北京：中国农业出版社,2005.93—97
10.丁正洪.农村适度规模养猪是我国养猪业的发展方向.云南农业,2009,(10)：20
11.刁运华.加快生产方式转变推动养猪水平升级.见：沈广主编.2008年中国猪业进展.北京：中国农业出版社,2008
12.杜丹清.关于生猪规模化生产与稳定市场价格的研究.价格理论与实践,2009,(7)：19—20
13.冯永辉.我国生猪规模化养殖及区域布局变化趋势.中国畜牧杂志,2006,42(4)：22—26
14.冯永辉.2007年我国生猪市场走势分析预测.畜牧市场,2007,(2)：1315
15.傅浩然,刘云富.以规模养殖破解生猪发展难题——对传统养猪生产模式转型的思考.四川畜牧兽医,2008,35(4)：24—25
16.弗朗斯瓦·魁奈著；吴斐丹,张草纫译.魁奈经济著作选集.北京：商务印书馆,1997
17.高鸿业等.西方经济学：微观部分.第三版.中国人民大学出版社,2004.174175
18.葛翔,石有龙,刘诺等.20年来我国养猪业的区域化与商品化生产预测.饲料广角,2003,(2)：3—6；(3)：6—10
19.国家发改委价格司.全国农产品成本收益资料汇编(20012011).北京：中国统计出版社,20012011
20.国家统计局.中国统计年鉴(19802010).北京：中国统计出版社,19802010
21.国家统计局农村社会经济调查司.中国农村统计年鉴(19852010).北京：中国统计出版社,19852010
22.郭剑.发展适度规模养猪推进生猪产业化进程.养猪,2003,(2)：34—35
23.国土资源部、农业部.关于促进规模化畜禽养殖有关用地政策的通知http://www.gov.cn/gzdt/2007-09/24/content_759819.htm,2007-09-21
24.郭伟奇.畜牧业适度规模经营及影响因素分析.现代农业,2010,(1)：47—48
25.国务院办公厅.国务院关于促进畜牧业持续健康发展的意见http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2007-02/06/content519464.htm,2007-02-06
26.国务院办公厅.国务院关于促进生猪生产发展稳定市场供应的意见.]http://www.mofcom. gov.cn/aarticle/b/g/200709/20070905095638.html,2007-07-30
27.海关总署.中国海关统计年鉴(19802009).北京：中国海关出版社,19802009
28.韩峰.中国农产品成本收益核算指标体系演变及改进研究：[硕士学位论文].北京：中国农业大学,2005
29.韩洪云,舒朗山.中国生猪产业演进趋势及诱因分析.中国畜牧杂志,2010,46(12)：7—12
30.何亮.临河养猪业效益分析及规模化经营问题研究：[硕士学位论文].内蒙古农业大学,2009
31.何晓红,马月辉.由美国澳大利亚荷兰养殖业发展看我国畜牧业规模化养殖.中国畜牧兽医,2007,(4)：149152
32.胡浩,张锋,黄延珺等.中国猪肉生产的区域性布局及发展趋势分析.中国畜牧杂志,2009,45(20)：43—47
33.环保部科技标准司.畜禽养殖业污染防治技术政策http://www.zhb.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bwj/201101/t20110107199664.htm,2010-12-30
34.黄德林.中国畜牧业区域化、规模化及动物疫病损失特征和补贴的实证研究：[博士后论文].北京：中国农业科学院,2004
35.黄英伟.新中国生猪生产五十年发展研究：[硕士学位论文].北京：中国农业大学,2007
36.金剑.生产率增长测算方法的系统研究：[博士学位论文].长春：东北财经大学,2007
37.李谷成.基于转型视角的中国农业生产率研究：[博士学位论文].武汉：华中农业大学,2008
38.李桦,郑少锋,王艳花.我国生猪规模养殖生产成本变动因素分析.农业技术经济,2006,(1)：49—52
39.李桦,郑少锋,郭亚军.我国生猪不同饲养方式生产成本变动分析.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2007,35(1)：63—67
40.李桦.生猪饲养规模及成本效益分析：[博士学位论文].陕西：西北农林科技大学,2007
41.李继仁等.加强校企合作化解养猪行业人才缺乏困境.黑龙江畜牧兽医,2011,(20)：3637
42.李静,张昕欣,费本飞.我国不同模式下生猪养殖的成本与收益对比——基于1988—2006年统计数据分析.中国畜牧杂志,2008,44(24)：26—30
43.李瑾,秦向阳.基于比较优势理论的我国畜牧业区域结构调控研究.农业现代化研究,2009,30(1)：6—10
44.李齐贤.规模养猪的生产流程与防病管理的新理念.养猪,2009,(3)：28—29
45.江宜航.生猪养殖格局变迁融资问题不容忽视.中国经济时报,2009-07-15
46.刘芳,李瑞芬,沈卓.北京市养猪业经济效益评价.北京农学院学报,2005,20(2)：28—33
47.刘礼.加快规模化养殖进程的思考.中国畜牧杂志,2005,41(7)：5657
48.刘少伯.规模养殖业形势看好,散养户步入“拐点”——2007年4月份以后肥猪价格市场预测与相关政策研究.中国畜牧兽医报,2007-05-27
49.刘玉满.发达国家畜牧业经济发展趋势及对我国的启示.饲料广角,2007,(13)：8—10, 39
50.马惠兰.区域农产品比较优势理论分析.农业现代化研究,2004,25(4)：246—250
51.马恒运,唐华仓,任晓静.中国畜产品全要素生产力研究.见：促进农民增收的技术经济问题研究——中国农业技术经济研究会2004年学术研讨会论文集,2004.353357
52.聂凤英.2003年我国猪肉市场形势分析.中国食物与营养,2004,(2)：3739
53.宁攸凉,乔娟,王征兵.中国大中城市生猪大规模养殖模式的成本效率分析.技术经济,2010,29(2)：81—83,97
54.农业部.2002年猪肉市场形势分析.中国畜牧兽医文摘,2003,(3)：1620
55.农业部畜牧业司.中国畜牧业年鉴(19982009).北京：中国农业出版社,19982009
56.农业部畜牧业司.农业部关于加快推进畜禽标准化规模养殖的意见http://www.moa.gov.cn/zwllm/zcfg/nybgz/201003/t20100329_1456972.htm,2010-03-29
57.潘耀国.中国畜牧业新特点和饲料行业发展走向.中国饲料,2009,(14)：1—4
58.沈琼,张银定,潘向东.不同饲养方式下生猪的成本收益差异分析.中国动物保健,2004,(5)：34—37
59.俟名.2004年我国生猪市场分析及2005年行情预测.饲料博览,2005,(4)：49
60.俟名.美国用生物工程技术培育出“环保猪”.中国家禽,2010,32(21)：30
61.苏振环.规模养猪促进养猪业的发展.饲料与畜牧(规模养猪),2009,(3)：卷首语
62.田露,张越杰.吉林省农户养猪生产效率分析.吉林农业大学学报,2008,30(5)：764—768
63.谭莹.我国生猪生产效率及补贴政策评价.华南农业大学学报(社科版),2010,9(3)84—90
64.谭莹,李大胜.生猪的规模化养殖与环境保护：困境及选择——基于美国生猪产业养殖经验.中国农学通报,2010,26(13)：2022
65.汪三贵等.我国畜牧业增长的因素分析.农村经济与社会,1993,(1)：49—54
66.王济民,周礼,梁书民等.生猪生产的饲料报酬和成本构成.中国牧业通讯,1999,(5)：6—7
67.王林云.中国养猪业的可持续发展与适度、有序生产.见：中国畜牧兽医学会养猪学分会编.2003北京国际养猪研讨会暨展览会论文集,2003.15—19
68.王明利.转型中的中国畜牧业发展研究.北京：中国农业出版社,2008
69.吴春明,陈君,蒋保健.农区畜牧规模化生产初探.中国禽业,2004,21(13)：14
70.熊远著.中国养猪业发展道路.中国猪业,2006,(4)：4—7
71.薛继春,王承华,胡源等.畜禽规模养殖调查.畜牧市场,2006,(8)：39—43
72.薛毫祥,陈章言,曹天妹.不同饲养方式下养猪成本效益浅析与思考.江西农业学报,2006,18(5)：212—213
73.亚当·斯密.国民财富的性质和原因的研究.北京：商务印书馆,1972
74.闫春轩.畜牧业生产方式转变的形式、内容和途径.中国草食动物,2008,28(5)：55—56
75.杨汉春.盘点养猪2009之：我国主要猪病流行概况.猪业科学,2010,(1)：42
76.杨汉春.2010年猪病流行情况与2011年猪病流行趋势及防控对策.猪业科学,2011,(1)：4748
77.杨朝英,徐学荣.中国生猪生产支持政策对价格调控的有效性分析.见：第六届博士生学术年会论文集,2008..485—491
78.杨宏军,赵宏坤.规模化养猪场的环境污染和应对措施.见：第一届中国养猪生产和疾病控制技术大会——2005中国畜牧兽医学会学术年会论文集,2005.396400
79.杨顺元.全要素生产率理论及实证研究：[硕士学位论文].天津：天津大学,2006
80.杨湘华.中国生猪业生产的效率及其影响因素分析：[硕士学位论文].南京：南京农业大学,2008
81.殷耀,李泽兵.粮食安全压力来自饲料用粮.农民日报,2004-09-07
82.尹正纯等.生猪规模养殖场存在的问题与建议.畜牧兽医杂志,2009,28(3)：7375
83.于爱芝.中国生猪饲养业比较优势分析.农业技术经济,2005,(1)：40—44
84.于潇萌,刘爱民.促使畜牧业养殖方式变化的因素分析.中国畜牧杂志,2007,43(10)5155
85.詹和平.山东省畜牧业生产的效率分析：[硕士学位论文].合肥：安徽农业大学,2004
86.张存根等.转变中的中国畜牧业：趋势与政策调整.北京：中国农业出版社,2006
87.张存根.转变中的中国畜牧业.中国禽业导刊,2009,26(21)：20—21
88.张广胜等.微观经济学.北京：中国农业大学出版社,2003
89.张军.生猪养殖业环境污染问题日益突出须加强治理.
90.张军,施少华,陈诗一.中国的工业改革与效率变化.经济学(季刊),2003,3(1)：1-38
91.张军民,李秋菊.我国生猪适宜养殖模式的探讨.中国农业科技导报,2008,10(6)：23—28
92.张美珍,薛继亮,罗创国.基于分工演进视角下的规模不经济和中国猪肉价格波动.中国畜牧杂志,2010,46(6)：23—27
93.张琪.试论规模化养殖的利与弊.中国牛业科学,2006,32(2)：38—39
94.张喜才,张利痒.中国生猪产业链整合的困境与突围.中国畜牧杂志,2010,46(8)：22—26
95.张晓辉,卢迈.我国农户生猪饲养规模及饲料转化率变化趋势探讨.中国农村经济,1997,(5)：53—55
96.张晓辉,Agapi Somwam, Fnncis Tuan中国生猪生产结构、成本和效益比较研究.中国畜牧杂志,2006,42(4)：27—31
97.张绪涛.对农村养猪业发展的思考——在农村发展适度规模化养殖.四川畜牧兽医,2007,34(4)：10
98.张毅.猪价持续低迷引关注生猪产业发展方式亟待转变.人民网,2010-06-27
99.张子川.生猪市场回顾与展望.中国猪业,2009,(3)：3739
100.张子仪.中国养猪业的今昔与展望.见：猪营养国际学术研讨会/农业部饲料工业中心第十届科技年会论文集,2006
101.郑少锋.农产品成本核算体系及控制机理研究：[博士学位论文].杨凌：西北农林科技大学,2002
102.周道雷,李陆钦.规模化养猪工程技术的发展现状和趋势.养殖与饲料,2005,(7)：45—49
103.周俊玲.发达国家养殖业污染的防治对策与启示.世界农业,2006,(8)：12—14
104.周胜利.我国生猪产业发展问题研究：[硕士学位论文].武汉：华中农业大学,2005
105.周咏.散养户和专业户饲养生猪的生产效率比较.农业技术经济,1999,(3)：36—39
106.颛锡良.标准化规模养殖,离我们还有多远?北方牧业,2010,(1)：14
107. Abdalla C W, Lanyon L E, Hallberg M C. What we know about historical trends in firm location decisions and regional shifts:policy issues for an industralizing animal sector. Amer. J. Agric. Econ.,1995,77(5):1229-1236
108. Aigner J, Lovell K, SehmidtP. Formulation and estimation of stochastic frontier production function models. Journal of Econometric,1977,6:21-37
109. Aigner D, Chu S. On Estimating the Industry production Function. American Economic Revtew,1968,58:826-835
110.Banker R D, Chames A, Cooper W W. Some Models for Estimating Technical and Scale Inefficiencies in Data Envelopment Analysis. Manage. Sci.,1984,30(September):1078-1092.
111. Ben-Belhassen B, Womack A W. Measurement and Explanation of Technical Efficiency in Missouri Hog Production. American Agricultural Economics Association(AAEA) Annual Meeting, Tampa, Florida, July30-August2,2000
112. Bishwa B A, Harsh S B, Cheney L M. Factors affecting regional shifts of U.S pork production. American Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting, Montreal, Canada, July27-30,2003
113. Brewer C, Kliebenstein J, Hayenga M. Pork Production Costs:A Comparison Of Major Pork Exporting Countries. Staff Paper No.302, Department of Economics,Iowa State University,1998
114. Brum M C, Harmon J D, Honeyman M S, et al. Hoop Barns for Grow-Finish Swine. Agricultural Engineers Digest,2004,41
115. Charnes A, Cooper W W, Rhodes E. Measuring the Efficiency of Decision Making Units. Eur. J. Operational Res.,1978.,(2):429-444
116. Caves D, Christensen L, Diewert E. The Economic Theory of Index Numbers and the Measurement of Input, Output, and Productivity. Econometrica,1982,50(6):1393-1414
117. Coelli T, Rao D S, Battese G. An Introduction to Efficiency and Productivity Analysis. Kluwer, London,1998
118. Davis H S. Productivity accounting. Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania Press,1955
119. Denison E F. The Sources of Economic Growth in the United States and the Alternatives Before Us. Supplementary Paper No.13. New York:Committee for Economic Development,1962
120. Fare R, Grosskopf.S.Malmquist Productivity Indexes and Fisher Ideal Indexes.. Economic Journal,1992,102(410):158-160
121. Hallam A. Economies of Size and Scale in Agriculture:An Interpretative Review of Empirical Measurement. Review of Agricultural Economics,1991,(13):155-172
122. Hurt C. Industrialization in the Pork Industry. Food, Farm&Resource Issues,1994,(9):9-13
123. Jorgenson D W, Zvi Griliches. The Explanation of Productivity Change. Review of Economic Studies,1967,34((3):249-283
124. Key N, McBride W. The Changing Economics of U.S. Hog Production, ERR-52, USDA-ERS, Dec.2007
125. Key N, McBride W D, Ribaudo M. Changes in Manure Management in the Hog Sector:1998-2004. Economic Information Bulletin Number50, USDA-ERS, March2009
126. Key N, McBride W, Mosheim R. Decomposition of Total Factor Productivity Change in the U.S. Hog Industry. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics,2008,40(1):137-149
127. Kliebenstein J B, Lawrence J D, Duffy M. Economics of the Production Industry, In:Iowa's Pork Industry—Dollars and Scents. Iowa State University. Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station. University Extension. January,1998
128. Ma Hengyun, Rae A, Jikun Huang.2004. China's Livestock Production:Decomposing Total Factor Productivity. In:9Convention Of The East Asian Economic Association13-14November2004, Hong Kong
129. MacDonald J M, McBride W D. The Transformation of U.S. Livestock Agriculture:Scale, Efficiency, and Risks. Electronic Information Bulletin,2009, Number43, USDA-ERS
130. Malmquist S. Index NumbersandIndifference Surfaces. Trabajos de Estadistica,1953,(4):209-242.
131. McBride W D, Key N. Economic and Structural Relationships in US Hog Production. Resource Economics Division, Economic Research Service, US Department of Agriculture. http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/aer818/,2003
132. McBride W D, Key N. Characteristics and Production Costs of U.S. Hog Farms,2004. Economic Information Bulletin,2007, Number32, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service
133. Meeusen W, van den Broeck J. Efficiency estimation from Cob-Douglas production functions with composed error. International Economic Review,1977,18:435-444
134. Mikesell R E, Kephart K B, Abdulla C W. Overview of Social Issues Related to the Swine Industry. University of Illinois Extension:Illiniois sowm (Swine Odor and Waste Management) papers. http://www. livestocktrail.uiuc. edu/sowm/paperDisplay. cfm? Content ID=6504,2004
135. Onal H, Unnevehr L, Bekric A. Regional Shifts in Pork Production:Implication for Competition and Food Safety. American Journal of Agricultural Economics,2000,82:968-978.
136. Pan Chenjun, Kinsey J. The Supply Chain of Pork:U.S. and China. Working Paper02-01,The Food Industry Center University of Minnesota,2002
137. Rhodes V J. The Industrialization of Hog Production. Review of Agricultural Economics,1995,17:107-118.
138. Roe B, Irwin E G, Sharp J S. Pigs in space modelling the spatial structure of hog production regions. American J. Of Agri. Economics,2002,84(2):259-278
139. Rowland W, Langemeier M, Schurle B, Featherstone A. A Nonparametric Efficiency Analysis of a Sample of Kansas Swine Operations. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics,1998,30(1):189-199.
140. Schaffer H D, Koonnathamdee P, Ray D E. An economic analysis of the social costs of the industrialized production of pork in the United States. Institute of Agriculture, Agricultural Policy Analysis Center, Department of Agricultural Economics. Knoxville:University of Tennessee,2008
141. Sharma K R, Leung P, Zaleski H M. Economic analysis of size and feed type of swine production in Hawaii. Swine Health and Production,1997a,5(3):103-110
142. Sharma K, Leung P, Zaleski H M. Productive Efficiency of the Swine Industry in Hawaii: Stochastic Frontier vs. Data Envelopment Analysis. Journal of Productivity Analysis,1997b,(8):447-459
143. Solow Robert. Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function. Review of Economics and Statistics,1957,39:312-320.
144. Stigler G R. Trends in Output and Employment. New York:National Bureau of Economic Research,1947
145. Stofferahn C W.Industrialized Farming and Its Relationship to Community Weil-Being:An Update of a2000Report by Linda Lobao. Report Prepared for the State of South Dakota, Office of the Attorney General. Department of Sociology, The University of North Dakota:Grand Forks, North Dakota,2006
146. Sullivan J, Vasavada U, Smith M. Environmental Regulation and Location of Hog Production. Agricultural Outlook,2000, September:19-23
147. Tinbergen Jan. Zur Theorie der langfristigenw Wirtschaftsentwieklung. Weltwirtscha-ftliches Archiv,1942,55(1):511-549
148. Tonsor G, Featherstone A M. Heterogeneous Production Efficiency of Specialized Swine Producers. Southern Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meetings, Orlando, FL, February5-8,2006
149. USDA-APHIS-VS-CEAH. Swine2006,2008
150. USDA-NASS. Farms, Land in Farms, and Livestock Operations2009Summary,2010
151. USDA-NASS. Agricultural Statistics (2003—2010). Washington:U.S. Government Printing Office,2003—2010