空间光通信ATP系统关键技术研究
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摘要
空间光通信正是以其传输码率高、功耗低、抗干扰能力强等一系列优点而发展起来的一项高新技术,各国都非常重视对空间光通信的研究工作。而窄的激光发射光束导致了光束对准中许多技术上的挑战,对捕获、跟踪和瞄准(Acquisition、Tracking、Pointing-ATP)技术的研究也就显得尤其重要。
本文简要介绍了空间光通信技术的概念及相对于传统微波通信技术所具有的优点,并阐述了空间光通信所涉及的关键技术,详细介绍了ATP技术在空间光通信系统中的重要性,对ATP系统的结构、工作原理以及关键技术指标进行了重点研究。
在空间光通信ATP系统的跟踪技术研究方面,本文阐述了影响跟踪精度的误差来源,分别对框架的耦合作用和加速度干扰对ATP系统跟踪性能的影响、光电探测器探测误差以及跟踪平台振动及振动抑制方法进行了研究,重点分析了跟踪误差对系统性能的影响,在建立了相应的跟踪误差数学模型的基础上,提出了可行的误差消除方案。
在ATP系统的硬件设计方面,本文主要对ATP系统的的接口电路进行了分析和设计,对A/D转换电路、D/A转换电路及光电编码器信号反馈电路的功能和设计要点进行了分析,同时给出了相应的电路结构图,并对各电路的主要部件的结构和性能参数进行了分析。
本文中ATP的实现方案采用的是复合轴伺服系统结构,在对空间光通信ATP中跟踪技术研究的基础上,提出了提高ATP系统伺服精度的方案,对粗跟踪系统的校正采用的是串联补偿器的方法;根据数字控制的直接设计方法对精跟踪回路进行了校正补偿,在此基础上对各个方案进行Matlab仿真分析,仿真结果表明了校正方案的合理性。
Space optical communication is a new technique which has advantages such as high transfer rate, low consumption and strong anti-interference abilit.Many countries attach import attention to the research of space optical communication. But it leads to many technology problems in the beam pointing because of the narrow laser beam. So the research on acquisition, tracking and pointing (ATP) technology becomes especially important.
Firstly, this paper introduces the concept of space optical communication and it’s advantages compared to microwave communication,and discusses the key techniques of space optical communication,the significance of ATP in space optical communication is explained in detail, besides, as an emphasis,the configuration,work principle and key technical indicators of ATP are studied.
Secondly, ATP system’s tracking performance is analyzed, the error signals which impact tracking performance are discussed in detail,which include the coupling effect between the gimbals and the acceleration interference because of the gimbal’s imbalance,the characteristics and sorts of noises in the Q-APD signal detecting subsystem ,the vibration of tracking platform and vibration rejection methods are also analyzed.The impact of error signals to tracking precision is discussed with emphasis. According to the characteristics of the error signals, this paper sets up mathematical models and presents feasible methods to eliminate the errors.
In the aspect of hardware circuit design about ATP system, the emphasis are the function and the working process of A/D, D/A conversion circuit and photo- electricity encoder signal feedback circuit. At the same time, the corresponding circuit structure charts are given.The capability and structure of the main components of circuits are illuminated.
Finally, ATP implementation scenario adopts composite axis servo system structure,at the base of above research, some correction methods to enhance ATP system’s precision are given,concretely,one method is to enhance the precision of rough coarse part by a series compensation controller,the other design is the direct method of digital control to enhance the precision of fine part. Besides,these methods have been simulated with Matlab by computer, the results show the methods are feasible.
本文简要介绍了空间光通信技术的概念及相对于传统微波通信技术所具有的优点,并阐述了空间光通信所涉及的关键技术,详细介绍了ATP技术在空间光通信系统中的重要性,对ATP系统的结构、工作原理以及关键技术指标进行了重点研究。
在空间光通信ATP系统的跟踪技术研究方面,本文阐述了影响跟踪精度的误差来源,分别对框架的耦合作用和加速度干扰对ATP系统跟踪性能的影响、光电探测器探测误差以及跟踪平台振动及振动抑制方法进行了研究,重点分析了跟踪误差对系统性能的影响,在建立了相应的跟踪误差数学模型的基础上,提出了可行的误差消除方案。
在ATP系统的硬件设计方面,本文主要对ATP系统的的接口电路进行了分析和设计,对A/D转换电路、D/A转换电路及光电编码器信号反馈电路的功能和设计要点进行了分析,同时给出了相应的电路结构图,并对各电路的主要部件的结构和性能参数进行了分析。
本文中ATP的实现方案采用的是复合轴伺服系统结构,在对空间光通信ATP中跟踪技术研究的基础上,提出了提高ATP系统伺服精度的方案,对粗跟踪系统的校正采用的是串联补偿器的方法;根据数字控制的直接设计方法对精跟踪回路进行了校正补偿,在此基础上对各个方案进行Matlab仿真分析,仿真结果表明了校正方案的合理性。
Space optical communication is a new technique which has advantages such as high transfer rate, low consumption and strong anti-interference abilit.Many countries attach import attention to the research of space optical communication. But it leads to many technology problems in the beam pointing because of the narrow laser beam. So the research on acquisition, tracking and pointing (ATP) technology becomes especially important.
Firstly, this paper introduces the concept of space optical communication and it’s advantages compared to microwave communication,and discusses the key techniques of space optical communication,the significance of ATP in space optical communication is explained in detail, besides, as an emphasis,the configuration,work principle and key technical indicators of ATP are studied.
Secondly, ATP system’s tracking performance is analyzed, the error signals which impact tracking performance are discussed in detail,which include the coupling effect between the gimbals and the acceleration interference because of the gimbal’s imbalance,the characteristics and sorts of noises in the Q-APD signal detecting subsystem ,the vibration of tracking platform and vibration rejection methods are also analyzed.The impact of error signals to tracking precision is discussed with emphasis. According to the characteristics of the error signals, this paper sets up mathematical models and presents feasible methods to eliminate the errors.
In the aspect of hardware circuit design about ATP system, the emphasis are the function and the working process of A/D, D/A conversion circuit and photo- electricity encoder signal feedback circuit. At the same time, the corresponding circuit structure charts are given.The capability and structure of the main components of circuits are illuminated.
Finally, ATP implementation scenario adopts composite axis servo system structure,at the base of above research, some correction methods to enhance ATP system’s precision are given,concretely,one method is to enhance the precision of rough coarse part by a series compensation controller,the other design is the direct method of digital control to enhance the precision of fine part. Besides,these methods have been simulated with Matlab by computer, the results show the methods are feasible.
引文
1陈娅冰,赵尚弘,庄哉录.自由空间光通信技术与展望.光机电信息,2003,(4):15-19
2张文涛.自由空间光通信及国内外发展状.电子科技大学学报,1999,25(5):13-17
3 Coffey V C.First Optical Link Between Satellites Uses Lasers.Laser Focus World,2002, 3(1): 15-16
4张乃通,李晖,张钦宇.深空探测通信技术发展趋势及思考.宇航学报,2007,28 (4):786-793
5黄培康.试论空间目标信息获取.航天电子对抗,2005,21(2):17-20
6 Hemmati H.Status of free-space optical communications program at JPL.Proceedings of SPIE,2002,(4635):185-191
7王强.无线激光通信技术及应用.通信世界,2002,(2):36-39
8 Lopez J M,Yong K.Acquisition tracking and fine pointing control of space-based laser communication systems.SPIE,1981,295:100-114
9 Laurent B,Planchc G.SILEX overview after flight terminals campaign.SPIE, 1997, 2900:10-22
10李大社,华臻,管绍鹏.无线激光通信APT系统的研究.烟台大学学报(自然科学与工程版) ,2007(03) :191-195.
11俞宽新,江铁良,赵启大.激光原理与激光技术.北京:北京工业大学出版社, 2001:210-227
12 Shimizu M,Shiratama K,Ohgushi Y.Point-ahead mechanism for ETS-VI optical ISL experiment.SPIE,1990, 1218: 646-657
13 Bailly M, Perez E. Pointing, acquisition, and tracking system of the European SILEX program major technological step for intersatellite optical communication.SPIE, 1991, 1417:142-157
14郭谊,王江.海上双运动载体光通信APT瞄准系统的研究.激光与红外,2007,37(8):715-716
15于思源,高惠德,王立松.卫星光通信复合轴跟瞄控制方法研究.激光技术,2002,26(2) : 1142-1161
16黄永梅,马佳光,付承毓.目标速度预测在光电跟踪控制系统中的应用.红外与激光工程,2004,33(5):477-481
17曾华林,左日方,谢福增.空间光通信ATP系统的研究.光学技术, 2005 , 31 (1) : 93-95
18 Shlomi Arnon.Optimization of Urban Optical Wireless Communication Systems.IEEE Transcations on Wireless Communication, 2003, 4(2): 626-629
19 Sun X, Davidson FM, Boutsikais L. Receiver characteristics of laser altimeters with avalanche photodiode.IEEE Aerospace and Electronics Systems, 1992, 28(1):268-274.
20罗彤,胡渝.自由空间光通信地面演示系统光束ATP设计与实现.应用光学,2002,23(2):14-21
21黄培康.试论空间目标信息获取.航天电子对抗,2005,21(2):17-20.
22陈维义,王树宗,李树山.舰载光电跟踪系统的虚拟仿真系统研究.系统仿真学报, 2002 ,14 (12) :1647
23周德文,高存臣,李自强.一种离散变结构控制趋近律.控制与决策,2008,23 (3):306-309
24王家琪,金光,严昌翔.机载光电跟踪测量设备的目标定位误差分析.光学精密工程,2005,13(2):106-116
25魏刚,江传富,杨坤涛.方位角准确预测法在光电跟踪中的应用研究.光电工程,2006,33(5) :6-11
26齐永岳,赵美蓉,林玉池.提高激光干涉测量系统精度的方法与途径.天津大学学报,2006,39(8):989-993
27刘宏展,刘立人.星间激光通信发射终端耦合单元的研究.激光技术,2007,31 (4):416-418
28李岷,马军,周兴义.机载光电稳定平台检测技术的研究.光学精密工程,2006,14(5): 847-852.
29王伟国.空间目标白天光电探测技术研究.长春:长春光学精密机械与物理研究所, 2005
30 Xu J X.A new periodic adaptive control approach for time-varying parameters with known periodicity.IEEE Trans on Automatic Control,2004,49(4):579-583
31赵楠翔,胡以华.激光遥感成像信号与目标细特征关系研究.红外与激光工程,2006,35(2):226-229
32 Mallat S.A theory for multi-resolution signal decomposition: the wavelet representation. IEEE Transaction on PAMI,1998,11(7):674-693
33 Donoho DL. De-noising by soft-tresholding. IEEE Trans Information Theory, 1999, 41 (3):257-260
34吕辉,高瞻.自由空间光通信系统中的激光器和探测器.电信快报, 2003, 68(3):36- 37
35 Davidson F M.Gaussian approximation versus nearly exact performance analysis of optical communications systems with PPM signaling and APD receivers.IEEE Trans.Communication.1988,36 (11) :1185-1192
36 Sweldens W.The Lifting Scheme A Construction of Second Generation Wavelets. SIAM J Math Anal,1997,29(2):511-546
37王仲生,何红,陈钱.小波分析在发动机早期故障识别中的应用研究.西北工业大学学报, 2006,24(1):68-72
38 Jiang Hongkai,He Zhengjia,Duan Chendong.Fault Diagnosis Using Adaptive Redund- ant Lifting Scheme.Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2006,20(8): 1992-2006
39姜洪开,何正嘉,段晨东.基于提升方法的小波构造及早期故障特征提取[J].西安交通大学学报,2005,39(5):494-498
40陈益,李书.改进的小波阈值消噪法应用于超声信号处理.北京航空航天大学学报, 2006, 32(4):466-471
41 Shlomi Arnon,Kopeika N S.Laster satellite communication network-vibration effect and possible solutions.IEEE,1997,85(10):1646-1661
42马晶,谭立英,金恩培等.振动对空间光通信系统误码率影响的分析.宇航学报,1999,20(3):76-81
43尹道素,熊金涛,皮德忠.卫星光通信中平台抖动补偿技术研究.电子科技大学学报, 1998,27(5):532-536
44 Isen Nie. Acquisition and tracking system for the free space laser communication systems. SPIE, 1996, 2381(56): 194-205
45 Begley D L.Globe trends and the future of laser communication. SPIE, 1997, 2990:134-140
46邹东明,刘栖山.舰载光电跟踪设备视轴稳定分析.兵工自动化,2003,22(1):15-19
47王金定,刘宏林,王云才.新型的半导体激光器保护电路.应用激光, 2006, 26 (2):119- 121
48黄俊,皮德忠.ATP系统接口电路设计分析.压电与声光.1999,21(4), 256-259
49范小军,刘锋,张军.空基多平台对空中机动目标的被动跟踪定位算法.红外与激光工程,2006,35(6):728- 731
50 David L, Panak, Mark A Doucet. Fiber coupled transceivers in point to point and point to multipoint optical wireless systems. Optical Wireless Communications,2001, 25(6): 316-325
51李德辉.自由空间激光通信系统ATP粗跟踪单元研究.[长春理工大学硕士学位论文],2007
52 Bram V G, Bart M H.Computer-aided diagnosis in chest radiography.IEEE Transaction on Medical Imaging,2001,20(12): 1228-1241.
53 Gerardo G Ortiz,Angle Portillo,Shinhak Lee.Functional demonstration of accelerometer assisted beacon tracking.SPIE,2001(4274):117-122
54宋立忠,陈少昌,姚琼荟.单输入不确定系统离散变结构控制.海军工程大学学报, 2003,15(2):35-40
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57柯熙正,席晓丽.无线激光通信概论.北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2004:118-138
58 Toni Tolker Nielsen.Pointing Acquisition and Tracking Performance Measurements for A High Speed Area Array Detector System.SPIE,1991,1417:131-141
2张文涛.自由空间光通信及国内外发展状.电子科技大学学报,1999,25(5):13-17
3 Coffey V C.First Optical Link Between Satellites Uses Lasers.Laser Focus World,2002, 3(1): 15-16
4张乃通,李晖,张钦宇.深空探测通信技术发展趋势及思考.宇航学报,2007,28 (4):786-793
5黄培康.试论空间目标信息获取.航天电子对抗,2005,21(2):17-20
6 Hemmati H.Status of free-space optical communications program at JPL.Proceedings of SPIE,2002,(4635):185-191
7王强.无线激光通信技术及应用.通信世界,2002,(2):36-39
8 Lopez J M,Yong K.Acquisition tracking and fine pointing control of space-based laser communication systems.SPIE,1981,295:100-114
9 Laurent B,Planchc G.SILEX overview after flight terminals campaign.SPIE, 1997, 2900:10-22
10李大社,华臻,管绍鹏.无线激光通信APT系统的研究.烟台大学学报(自然科学与工程版) ,2007(03) :191-195.
11俞宽新,江铁良,赵启大.激光原理与激光技术.北京:北京工业大学出版社, 2001:210-227
12 Shimizu M,Shiratama K,Ohgushi Y.Point-ahead mechanism for ETS-VI optical ISL experiment.SPIE,1990, 1218: 646-657
13 Bailly M, Perez E. Pointing, acquisition, and tracking system of the European SILEX program major technological step for intersatellite optical communication.SPIE, 1991, 1417:142-157
14郭谊,王江.海上双运动载体光通信APT瞄准系统的研究.激光与红外,2007,37(8):715-716
15于思源,高惠德,王立松.卫星光通信复合轴跟瞄控制方法研究.激光技术,2002,26(2) : 1142-1161
16黄永梅,马佳光,付承毓.目标速度预测在光电跟踪控制系统中的应用.红外与激光工程,2004,33(5):477-481
17曾华林,左日方,谢福增.空间光通信ATP系统的研究.光学技术, 2005 , 31 (1) : 93-95
18 Shlomi Arnon.Optimization of Urban Optical Wireless Communication Systems.IEEE Transcations on Wireless Communication, 2003, 4(2): 626-629
19 Sun X, Davidson FM, Boutsikais L. Receiver characteristics of laser altimeters with avalanche photodiode.IEEE Aerospace and Electronics Systems, 1992, 28(1):268-274.
20罗彤,胡渝.自由空间光通信地面演示系统光束ATP设计与实现.应用光学,2002,23(2):14-21
21黄培康.试论空间目标信息获取.航天电子对抗,2005,21(2):17-20.
22陈维义,王树宗,李树山.舰载光电跟踪系统的虚拟仿真系统研究.系统仿真学报, 2002 ,14 (12) :1647
23周德文,高存臣,李自强.一种离散变结构控制趋近律.控制与决策,2008,23 (3):306-309
24王家琪,金光,严昌翔.机载光电跟踪测量设备的目标定位误差分析.光学精密工程,2005,13(2):106-116
25魏刚,江传富,杨坤涛.方位角准确预测法在光电跟踪中的应用研究.光电工程,2006,33(5) :6-11
26齐永岳,赵美蓉,林玉池.提高激光干涉测量系统精度的方法与途径.天津大学学报,2006,39(8):989-993
27刘宏展,刘立人.星间激光通信发射终端耦合单元的研究.激光技术,2007,31 (4):416-418
28李岷,马军,周兴义.机载光电稳定平台检测技术的研究.光学精密工程,2006,14(5): 847-852.
29王伟国.空间目标白天光电探测技术研究.长春:长春光学精密机械与物理研究所, 2005
30 Xu J X.A new periodic adaptive control approach for time-varying parameters with known periodicity.IEEE Trans on Automatic Control,2004,49(4):579-583
31赵楠翔,胡以华.激光遥感成像信号与目标细特征关系研究.红外与激光工程,2006,35(2):226-229
32 Mallat S.A theory for multi-resolution signal decomposition: the wavelet representation. IEEE Transaction on PAMI,1998,11(7):674-693
33 Donoho DL. De-noising by soft-tresholding. IEEE Trans Information Theory, 1999, 41 (3):257-260
34吕辉,高瞻.自由空间光通信系统中的激光器和探测器.电信快报, 2003, 68(3):36- 37
35 Davidson F M.Gaussian approximation versus nearly exact performance analysis of optical communications systems with PPM signaling and APD receivers.IEEE Trans.Communication.1988,36 (11) :1185-1192
36 Sweldens W.The Lifting Scheme A Construction of Second Generation Wavelets. SIAM J Math Anal,1997,29(2):511-546
37王仲生,何红,陈钱.小波分析在发动机早期故障识别中的应用研究.西北工业大学学报, 2006,24(1):68-72
38 Jiang Hongkai,He Zhengjia,Duan Chendong.Fault Diagnosis Using Adaptive Redund- ant Lifting Scheme.Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2006,20(8): 1992-2006
39姜洪开,何正嘉,段晨东.基于提升方法的小波构造及早期故障特征提取[J].西安交通大学学报,2005,39(5):494-498
40陈益,李书.改进的小波阈值消噪法应用于超声信号处理.北京航空航天大学学报, 2006, 32(4):466-471
41 Shlomi Arnon,Kopeika N S.Laster satellite communication network-vibration effect and possible solutions.IEEE,1997,85(10):1646-1661
42马晶,谭立英,金恩培等.振动对空间光通信系统误码率影响的分析.宇航学报,1999,20(3):76-81
43尹道素,熊金涛,皮德忠.卫星光通信中平台抖动补偿技术研究.电子科技大学学报, 1998,27(5):532-536
44 Isen Nie. Acquisition and tracking system for the free space laser communication systems. SPIE, 1996, 2381(56): 194-205
45 Begley D L.Globe trends and the future of laser communication. SPIE, 1997, 2990:134-140
46邹东明,刘栖山.舰载光电跟踪设备视轴稳定分析.兵工自动化,2003,22(1):15-19
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