一种多制式视频格式转换接口电路的设计与实现
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摘要
当前,我国的家电产业都在积极努力开拓国际市场,然而由于历史原因,各国的标准清晰度模拟电视广播系统所采用的调制方式并不相同,加上家庭影院系统采用了多种视频接口输出视频信号,这些都要求我们的电视机有能力接收多种接口输入的多种格式的模拟视频信号。随着Internet技术的高速发展,高质量的视频信号可以通过网络传到千家万户,然由于技术和价格的原因,人们要求能用宽屏幕的电视机来欣赏计算机输出的视频节目。又随着数字电视的兴起,目前我国开始从模拟电视时代向数字电视时代转变,这个过渡期估计为5～10年左右,在此期间,模拟电视节目和数字电视节目同时播送,这样就存在模拟和数字电视节目接收兼容性的需求。大量的模拟电视机除了要接收原来的模拟电视节目外,还要能够收看新开播的数字电视节目,同时新的数字电视机也要能同时接收模拟和数字电视节目。所有这些都要求进行各种视频显示格式之间的转换,这就要求开发多格式视频转换接口,根据最终显示设备的显示要求对输入视频自动进行格式转换。
首先,本文介绍了目前普遍被广泛应用的标准清晰度模拟方式视频信号、高清晰度视频信号和计算机输出视频信号,并对它们的扫描方式,调制方式,行/场参数等作了简要介绍。同时又对I2C协议和DVI1.0协议作了介绍。
其次,本文设计和实现了一种多格式视频信号的格式转换接口电路,这个接口电路的主要功能是实现对输入的多种格式的视频信号进行视频格式转换。接口电路使用MA156芯片对标准清晰度模拟方式(PAL制、NTSC制和SECAM制)视频信号进行解码处理,被解码的信号再经模数转换后被编码为CCIR 656标准8位数据信号,最后用WSC1115芯片进行视频格式转换,并以模拟或数字方式输出。接口电路还用AD9883A芯片对高清晰度视频信号和VGA接口输出的模拟RGB视频信号进行模数转换,转换为24bits RGB数字视频信号,最后执行视频格式转换。又用SII1161芯片实现对DVI接口输出的T.M.D.S.数字差分视频信号的解码处理,恢复为24bits RGB数字视频信号,然后再进行视频格式转换。
最后,对设计的视频格式转换接口电路进行了调试。
Many TV manufacturers are actively exploiting overseas markets of televisions today. There are so many specifications of standard analogue TV broadcasting for many historical reasons that modern televisions have to be capacity of being input several types of video from different interfaces. With the high development of the Internet technology, high quality video are transmitted through the interconnect net. Up to now, the transformation from analogous TV period to digital TV period is determined by government, and according to the estimation this transformation would last for 5 to 10 years. During this interval, both analogous and digital TV broadcasting will have to be transmitted. Modern TV should be prepared for this situation and can receive both analog and digit videos. It’s obviously that the format conversion is required for the TV. In this paper we propose a new interface circuit to perform this task.
First, videos with standard analogous format, high digital TV signals and videos from the computers are addressed. Many parameters of these formats, such as horizontal parameters, vertical parameters and scanning methods are given. Both I2C-bus protocol and DVI1.0 protocol are detailed, too.
Secondly, the interface circuits which can perform the video format conversion is depicted. The circuits use the MA156 chip to decoder three types of standard analog format video, such as PAL, NTSC and SECAM, and digitalize them and encode the digital signals into the CCIR 656 standard format data. The signals of CCIR 656 are converted into the signals with the format that is suitable to the display devices. The analog-to-digital conversion is completed by AD9883A chip for the signals of HDTV from Y/Pr/Pb interface and analog RGB component signals from VGA interface. These digital signals from the AD988A also are converted into the desired format signals. The circuit for the format conversion of T.M.D.S. signals also is described.
At last, the adjustment and testifying of the interface circuit is completed.
首先,本文介绍了目前普遍被广泛应用的标准清晰度模拟方式视频信号、高清晰度视频信号和计算机输出视频信号,并对它们的扫描方式,调制方式,行/场参数等作了简要介绍。同时又对I2C协议和DVI1.0协议作了介绍。
其次,本文设计和实现了一种多格式视频信号的格式转换接口电路,这个接口电路的主要功能是实现对输入的多种格式的视频信号进行视频格式转换。接口电路使用MA156芯片对标准清晰度模拟方式(PAL制、NTSC制和SECAM制)视频信号进行解码处理,被解码的信号再经模数转换后被编码为CCIR 656标准8位数据信号,最后用WSC1115芯片进行视频格式转换,并以模拟或数字方式输出。接口电路还用AD9883A芯片对高清晰度视频信号和VGA接口输出的模拟RGB视频信号进行模数转换,转换为24bits RGB数字视频信号,最后执行视频格式转换。又用SII1161芯片实现对DVI接口输出的T.M.D.S.数字差分视频信号的解码处理,恢复为24bits RGB数字视频信号,然后再进行视频格式转换。
最后,对设计的视频格式转换接口电路进行了调试。
Many TV manufacturers are actively exploiting overseas markets of televisions today. There are so many specifications of standard analogue TV broadcasting for many historical reasons that modern televisions have to be capacity of being input several types of video from different interfaces. With the high development of the Internet technology, high quality video are transmitted through the interconnect net. Up to now, the transformation from analogous TV period to digital TV period is determined by government, and according to the estimation this transformation would last for 5 to 10 years. During this interval, both analogous and digital TV broadcasting will have to be transmitted. Modern TV should be prepared for this situation and can receive both analog and digit videos. It’s obviously that the format conversion is required for the TV. In this paper we propose a new interface circuit to perform this task.
First, videos with standard analogous format, high digital TV signals and videos from the computers are addressed. Many parameters of these formats, such as horizontal parameters, vertical parameters and scanning methods are given. Both I2C-bus protocol and DVI1.0 protocol are detailed, too.
Secondly, the interface circuits which can perform the video format conversion is depicted. The circuits use the MA156 chip to decoder three types of standard analog format video, such as PAL, NTSC and SECAM, and digitalize them and encode the digital signals into the CCIR 656 standard format data. The signals of CCIR 656 are converted into the signals with the format that is suitable to the display devices. The analog-to-digital conversion is completed by AD9883A chip for the signals of HDTV from Y/Pr/Pb interface and analog RGB component signals from VGA interface. These digital signals from the AD988A also are converted into the desired format signals. The circuit for the format conversion of T.M.D.S. signals also is described.
At last, the adjustment and testifying of the interface circuit is completed.
引文
[1.] 裴昌幸,刘乃安,杜武林, 电视原理与现代电视系统,西安电子科技大学出版社, 1997-3
[2.] 卢官明,宗昉,数字电视原理,机械工业出版社,2004-1
[3.] 俞斯乐,侯正信 冯启明 李文元,电视原理,国防工业出版社,2001-4
[4.] MICHAEL ROBIN MICHEL POULIN 著 北京超品技术有限公司译 数字电视基础—视频和音频系统的设计与安装, 人民邮电出版社,2003- 9
[5.] ITU-R BT.601-5—Studio Encoding Parameters of Digital Television for Standard 4:3 and Wide-Screen 16:9 Aspect Ratio.
[6.] ITU-R BT.656—Interfaces for Digital Component Video Signals in 525-line and 625-line Television Systems Operating at the 4:2:2 Level of Recommendation 601.
[7.] ITU-R BT.709-3-Parameter Values for the HDTV Standards for Production and international Exchange.
[8.] ITU-R BT.1120-1 Digital Interfaces for 1125/60/2:1 and 1250/50/2:1 HDTV Studio Signals.
[9.] ETS 300 744 DVB Framing structure, Channel Coding and Modulation for Digital Terrestrial Television (DVB-T).
[10.] DVB-A010 Interfaces for CATV/SMATV Headends and Similar Professional Equipment.
[11.] SMPTE 125M-1995 Television—Component Video Signal 4:2:2—Bit-parallel Digital Interface.
[12.] Digital Display Work Group,Digital Visual Interface(DVI) Revision1.0,4/1999
[13.] Philips Semiconductor Inc., The I2C-BUS Specification (version2.1), 2000-1
[14.] H.S.C., An NTSC to HDTV video conversion system by using the block processing concept. IEEE Trans Consumer Electronics, 2001(47/3), P.579-585.
[15.] Masato S.; An advanced scan format converter with flexible and high quality signal processing; Proceeding of 1997 IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Electronics, 1997.
[16.] 山田 宰,数字广播技术手册, 徐国鼐 薛培鼎 崔东印译,科学出版社,2005- 5
[17.] 曹晨,杨作梅等译. 高清晰度数字视频原理与应用. 北京:电子工业出版社,2001
[18.] Booth, S.A., Digital TV in the United States,Spectrum, IEEE ,1999(3/36) , P39 – 41
[19.] Winters, J.H.; Ayanoglu, E.; Bar-David, I.; Gitlin, R.D.; Chih-Lin I, Ghost cancellation of analog TV signals: with applications to IDTV, EDTV, and HDTV, IEEE Trans. On VT., 1991(1/1), P. 136 - 146
[20.] Blanchard, D.; Sorak, N.; High definition television (HDTV): a link to communications of the future, Frontiers in Education Conference, 1994.Twenty-fourth Annual Conference. Proceedings, P.271 - 273
[21.] Geiger, E.A., Worldwide multistandard TV-sets in lieu of a world TV-standard, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Aug 1988(3/34), P.XV - XVIII
[22.] Newton, A.D., Maeder, H. A TV analogue to digital conversion system IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 1991(4/37), P.829 - 839
[23.] Yli-Kaakinen, J. Ming Hu; Uusikartano, R. Kupiainen, T. Renfors, M., Multirate digital filter design for a PAL TV modulator, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 1999(3/45) P.970 - 974
[24.] Best, G.; Conversion of analog TV translators for DTV operation, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 2005(2/51) , P.161 - 170
[25.] 徐高文,中国彩电市场现状及发展趋势分析,电视技术,2003-7
[26.] 那怡超等. 并行端口大全. 北京:中国电力出版社,2001
[27.] Newton, A.D.; Maeder, H.; A TV analogue to digital conversion system, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 1991(37/4) P.829 - 839
[28.] Devereux, V.G.; Standards conversion between 1250/50 and 625/50 TV systems, Broadcasting Convention, 1992. IBC., International, 1992, P.51 – 55
[29.] Poetsch, D.; Conversion from film to TV, IEE Colloquium on Film for Television - Alive or Dead 1991, P.4/1 - 4/2
[30.] Yugami, M.; Ohara, K.; Takeda, A.; EDTV with scan-line video processor, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 1992(38/3) , P.553 - 562
[31.] Pernull, H.; Draxelmayr, D.; Scheffler, G.; A digital display processor with integrated 9 bit triple DAC for enhanced TV applications, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 1993(39/3) P.247 - 254
[32.] Shih-Chang Hsia; Bin-Da Liu; Jar-Ferr Yang; Chien-Hsiu Huang; A parallel video converter for displaying 4:3 images on 16:9 HDTV receivers, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology , 1996(6/6) P.695 - 699
[33.] Miyahara, K.; Inoue, S.; Onishi, H.; Itow, T.; Ohara, E.; Kobayashi, K.; Development of a new television set with personal computer capability, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 1997(43/3), Page(s):945 - 952
[34.] Suzuki, Y.; Minami, K.; Okumura, A.; Signal processing for a rear-projection TV using a digital micro-mirror array, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 2001(3/47), P.579 - 584
[35.] Henderson, J.G.N.; Bretl, W.E.; Deiss, M.S.; Goldberg, A.; Markwalter, B.; Muterspaugh, ATSC DTV Receiver Implementation, Proceedings of the IEEE, 2006(1/94), P.119 - 147
[36.] Toshiyuki Okino, Haruhiko Murata, Kenji Taima, Toshiya Iinuma, and Kazunobu Oketani, New television with 2D/3D image conversion technologies, Proc. SPIE 2653, 1996, P96-105
[37.] Gilles Gagnon, Hong Liu, and Wei Li , Development of an ATSC multimedia datacasting receiver , Proc. SPIE 5241, 2003, P.192-201
[38.] Devereux, V.G., Standards conversion between 1250/50 and 625/50 TV systems, IEE Conference Publication,1992, P.51-55
[39.] Stuart J. Golin, DVI image compression: second generation, Proc. SPIE 1657, 1992, P.106-113
[40.] 潘亚涛,周宏,陈健,多制式 VGA-TV 视频转换器的实现,电声技术,1999 年第 12 期,P.39-43
[41.] 殷惠清,彭慧英等,“炎黄一号”WSC1115 芯片在 CRT 数字电视机设计中的应用,电视技术,2003 年第 11 期,P.73-75
[42.] 胡军杰,林东贵,胡冰,模拟视频转换接口器件及应用设计,单片机与嵌入式系统应用, 2003 年第 7 期,P.43-45
[43.] 柴屹华,葛晨阳,冯华,一种视频格式转换电路的设计与实现,电视技术,2004 年第 1期,P.67-69
[44.] 刘玮,张浩,等离子显示器数字视频接口电路的研究,现代显示, 2003 年第 4 期,P.37-39
[45.] 梁林,“炎黄一号” WSC1115 多视频格式转换芯片的设计与实现,电视技术 2003 年第11 期,P.69—72
[46.] 陈畅,孙智林,孙伟锋, 吴建辉,PDP 显示驱动芯片的高速高低压接口电路的设计,液晶与显示,2004 年第 3 期,P.207—211
[47.] 张歆奕,一种基于 I2C 总线的计算机接口板的设计,电子技术,2001 年第 2 期,P. 46-48
[48.] 程永强,梁宝生,数码相机与高清晰度电视的硬件接口设计,太原理工大学学报,2004年第 3 期,P.260—262
[49.] 余华,蒋春晖,王治平,赵力,邹采荣,多制式数字视频信号转换电路的开发实践,电气电子教学学报,2004 年第 4 期,P.33—36
[50.] Hynix. HY57V28820HC(L)T. 4Banks×4M×8bit Synchronous DRAM. 2001-08
[51.] MAS microelectronic(Shanghai) Ltd., MA156, PAL/NTSC/SECAM/Component Video Decoder with 3D comb/NR, CC and PIP, 2004
[52.] Analog Devices, AD9883A, 110MSPS/140/MSPS Analog Interface for Flat Panel Displays, 2002
[53.] Silicon Image, Inc., SII 1161, Paneilink Receiver Preliminary Datasheet, 2003
[54.] WestStarChips, Inc., WSC1115, WSC1115 应用手册 1.00,2003-3
[55.] Analog Device, ADG774, Wide Bandwidth Quad 2:1 Mux, 1998
[56.] Elite Semiconductor Memory Technology Inc., M12L16161A, 512K×16BIT×2BANKS Synchronous DRAM, 2000-1
[2.] 卢官明,宗昉,数字电视原理,机械工业出版社,2004-1
[3.] 俞斯乐,侯正信 冯启明 李文元,电视原理,国防工业出版社,2001-4
[4.] MICHAEL ROBIN MICHEL POULIN 著 北京超品技术有限公司译 数字电视基础—视频和音频系统的设计与安装, 人民邮电出版社,2003- 9
[5.] ITU-R BT.601-5—Studio Encoding Parameters of Digital Television for Standard 4:3 and Wide-Screen 16:9 Aspect Ratio.
[6.] ITU-R BT.656—Interfaces for Digital Component Video Signals in 525-line and 625-line Television Systems Operating at the 4:2:2 Level of Recommendation 601.
[7.] ITU-R BT.709-3-Parameter Values for the HDTV Standards for Production and international Exchange.
[8.] ITU-R BT.1120-1 Digital Interfaces for 1125/60/2:1 and 1250/50/2:1 HDTV Studio Signals.
[9.] ETS 300 744 DVB Framing structure, Channel Coding and Modulation for Digital Terrestrial Television (DVB-T).
[10.] DVB-A010 Interfaces for CATV/SMATV Headends and Similar Professional Equipment.
[11.] SMPTE 125M-1995 Television—Component Video Signal 4:2:2—Bit-parallel Digital Interface.
[12.] Digital Display Work Group,Digital Visual Interface(DVI) Revision1.0,4/1999
[13.] Philips Semiconductor Inc., The I2C-BUS Specification (version2.1), 2000-1
[14.] H.S.C., An NTSC to HDTV video conversion system by using the block processing concept. IEEE Trans Consumer Electronics, 2001(47/3), P.579-585.
[15.] Masato S.; An advanced scan format converter with flexible and high quality signal processing; Proceeding of 1997 IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Electronics, 1997.
[16.] 山田 宰,数字广播技术手册, 徐国鼐 薛培鼎 崔东印译,科学出版社,2005- 5
[17.] 曹晨,杨作梅等译. 高清晰度数字视频原理与应用. 北京:电子工业出版社,2001
[18.] Booth, S.A., Digital TV in the United States,Spectrum, IEEE ,1999(3/36) , P39 – 41
[19.] Winters, J.H.; Ayanoglu, E.; Bar-David, I.; Gitlin, R.D.; Chih-Lin I, Ghost cancellation of analog TV signals: with applications to IDTV, EDTV, and HDTV, IEEE Trans. On VT., 1991(1/1), P. 136 - 146
[20.] Blanchard, D.; Sorak, N.; High definition television (HDTV): a link to communications of the future, Frontiers in Education Conference, 1994.Twenty-fourth Annual Conference. Proceedings, P.271 - 273
[21.] Geiger, E.A., Worldwide multistandard TV-sets in lieu of a world TV-standard, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Aug 1988(3/34), P.XV - XVIII
[22.] Newton, A.D., Maeder, H. A TV analogue to digital conversion system IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 1991(4/37), P.829 - 839
[23.] Yli-Kaakinen, J. Ming Hu; Uusikartano, R. Kupiainen, T. Renfors, M., Multirate digital filter design for a PAL TV modulator, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 1999(3/45) P.970 - 974
[24.] Best, G.; Conversion of analog TV translators for DTV operation, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 2005(2/51) , P.161 - 170
[25.] 徐高文,中国彩电市场现状及发展趋势分析,电视技术,2003-7
[26.] 那怡超等. 并行端口大全. 北京:中国电力出版社,2001
[27.] Newton, A.D.; Maeder, H.; A TV analogue to digital conversion system, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 1991(37/4) P.829 - 839
[28.] Devereux, V.G.; Standards conversion between 1250/50 and 625/50 TV systems, Broadcasting Convention, 1992. IBC., International, 1992, P.51 – 55
[29.] Poetsch, D.; Conversion from film to TV, IEE Colloquium on Film for Television - Alive or Dead 1991, P.4/1 - 4/2
[30.] Yugami, M.; Ohara, K.; Takeda, A.; EDTV with scan-line video processor, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 1992(38/3) , P.553 - 562
[31.] Pernull, H.; Draxelmayr, D.; Scheffler, G.; A digital display processor with integrated 9 bit triple DAC for enhanced TV applications, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 1993(39/3) P.247 - 254
[32.] Shih-Chang Hsia; Bin-Da Liu; Jar-Ferr Yang; Chien-Hsiu Huang; A parallel video converter for displaying 4:3 images on 16:9 HDTV receivers, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology , 1996(6/6) P.695 - 699
[33.] Miyahara, K.; Inoue, S.; Onishi, H.; Itow, T.; Ohara, E.; Kobayashi, K.; Development of a new television set with personal computer capability, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 1997(43/3), Page(s):945 - 952
[34.] Suzuki, Y.; Minami, K.; Okumura, A.; Signal processing for a rear-projection TV using a digital micro-mirror array, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 2001(3/47), P.579 - 584
[35.] Henderson, J.G.N.; Bretl, W.E.; Deiss, M.S.; Goldberg, A.; Markwalter, B.; Muterspaugh, ATSC DTV Receiver Implementation, Proceedings of the IEEE, 2006(1/94), P.119 - 147
[36.] Toshiyuki Okino, Haruhiko Murata, Kenji Taima, Toshiya Iinuma, and Kazunobu Oketani, New television with 2D/3D image conversion technologies, Proc. SPIE 2653, 1996, P96-105
[37.] Gilles Gagnon, Hong Liu, and Wei Li , Development of an ATSC multimedia datacasting receiver , Proc. SPIE 5241, 2003, P.192-201
[38.] Devereux, V.G., Standards conversion between 1250/50 and 625/50 TV systems, IEE Conference Publication,1992, P.51-55
[39.] Stuart J. Golin, DVI image compression: second generation, Proc. SPIE 1657, 1992, P.106-113
[40.] 潘亚涛,周宏,陈健,多制式 VGA-TV 视频转换器的实现,电声技术,1999 年第 12 期,P.39-43
[41.] 殷惠清,彭慧英等,“炎黄一号”WSC1115 芯片在 CRT 数字电视机设计中的应用,电视技术,2003 年第 11 期,P.73-75
[42.] 胡军杰,林东贵,胡冰,模拟视频转换接口器件及应用设计,单片机与嵌入式系统应用, 2003 年第 7 期,P.43-45
[43.] 柴屹华,葛晨阳,冯华,一种视频格式转换电路的设计与实现,电视技术,2004 年第 1期,P.67-69
[44.] 刘玮,张浩,等离子显示器数字视频接口电路的研究,现代显示, 2003 年第 4 期,P.37-39
[45.] 梁林,“炎黄一号” WSC1115 多视频格式转换芯片的设计与实现,电视技术 2003 年第11 期,P.69—72
[46.] 陈畅,孙智林,孙伟锋, 吴建辉,PDP 显示驱动芯片的高速高低压接口电路的设计,液晶与显示,2004 年第 3 期,P.207—211
[47.] 张歆奕,一种基于 I2C 总线的计算机接口板的设计,电子技术,2001 年第 2 期,P. 46-48
[48.] 程永强,梁宝生,数码相机与高清晰度电视的硬件接口设计,太原理工大学学报,2004年第 3 期,P.260—262
[49.] 余华,蒋春晖,王治平,赵力,邹采荣,多制式数字视频信号转换电路的开发实践,电气电子教学学报,2004 年第 4 期,P.33—36
[50.] Hynix. HY57V28820HC(L)T. 4Banks×4M×8bit Synchronous DRAM. 2001-08
[51.] MAS microelectronic(Shanghai) Ltd., MA156, PAL/NTSC/SECAM/Component Video Decoder with 3D comb/NR, CC and PIP, 2004
[52.] Analog Devices, AD9883A, 110MSPS/140/MSPS Analog Interface for Flat Panel Displays, 2002
[53.] Silicon Image, Inc., SII 1161, Paneilink Receiver Preliminary Datasheet, 2003
[54.] WestStarChips, Inc., WSC1115, WSC1115 应用手册 1.00,2003-3
[55.] Analog Device, ADG774, Wide Bandwidth Quad 2:1 Mux, 1998
[56.] Elite Semiconductor Memory Technology Inc., M12L16161A, 512K×16BIT×2BANKS Synchronous DRAM, 2000-1