摘要
通过测定不同生育时期、不同施肥条件下扬油4号各器官含N率、可溶性蛋白质含量、干物质积累等,研究了油菜后期根、茎枝、叶片等营养器官中N素的输出和其角果中N素的积累。其主要结果如下:
1、根、茎枝、叶片的含N率、可溶性蛋白质含量以苗期最高,并随着植株的生长而逐渐降低;全株角果中含N率、可溶性蛋白质含量从终花期到成熟期呈下降趋势。增施N肥可明显提高各器官的含N率和可溶性蛋白质含量;增施K肥的效果不如N肥明显。
2、根、茎枝、叶片中N素总量、可溶性蛋白质总量呈先增后减的趋势,一般在开花期前后达最大值。全株角果中N素总量随角果的生长逐渐增加,而可溶性蛋白质总量随角果的生长呈先增后减的趋势,以结实中期最多。增施N肥明显增加各器官的N素总量和可溶性蛋白质总量,推迟最大值出现的时间。
3、果壳中N素总量的变化呈先增后减的趋势,符合二次函数关系。施用N肥可明显增加果壳中的N素积累量,推迟最大值出现的时间。籽粒中N素总量一直呈增加趋势,其增长速率呈慢、快、慢的变化,可用Richards方程拟合,籽粒中的N素有60%以上是在快增期内积累的。增施N、K肥,籽粒中N素积累速率加快,积累时间延长。
4、根系、茎枝、叶片中的N素向外输出量随施N量的增加而增加,但输出比例随施N量的增加而下降,分别占其最大值的20%~30%、30%~60%、70%~80%。
5、N素在各器官中的分配比例随油菜生长而变化,苗期主要分布在叶片中;
扬州大学硕士学位论文
初花期叶片和茎枝并重;终花期以茎枝最多,角果中明显增加;成熟期主要分布在
籽粒中。
6、角果中的N素有30%以上来自叶片,并随施肥量的变化影响较小;来自茎
枝的N素随施N量的增加而减少,约为300/0一100/0;来自根系的N素不足5%;
来自开花后从土壤中吸收的N素随施N量的增加而增加,约为30%~50%。
Through testing the content of N and soluble protein and the amount of dry matter in different organs of Yangyou No.4 under different growing stages and different fertilizer application to study the translocation of N in roots, stem and branches and leaves and the accumulation of N in pods in rapeseed, the main results were as follows:
1. The content of N and soluble protein in roots, stem and branches and leaves reached the maximum value at seeding stage, and declined gradually with the growth of plant; the content of N and soluble protein in pods of the whole plant declined from the ending of flower to the maturing. Increasing N fertilizer application could increase the content of N and soluble protein in different organs remarkably and the effect of K fertilizer application was less than that of N fertilizer application.
2. The total amount of N and soluble protein in roots, stem and branches and leaves increased firstly and then decreased, usually reached the maximum value around the flowering stage generally. The total amount of N in pods of the whole plant increased gradually with the growth of pods, but the total amount of soluble protein increased firstly and then decreased, and reached the maximum value at the middle stage of seed filling. Increasing N fertilizer application could increase the total amount of N and soluble protein in different organs remarkably and delay the stage that the maximum value appeared.
3. The total amount of N in pod shells increased firstly and then decreased, according with quadratic equation. Increasing N fertilizer application could increase the
amount of N in pod shells remarkably and delay the stage that the maximum value appeared. The total amount of N in seeds always increased and the accumulation rate presented the slow-fast-slow, and could be expressed by Richards equation. More than 60% of N in seeds accumulated in fast increasing period. The accumulation rate of N in seeds accelerated and the accumulation period postponed with the increasing of N and K fertilizers application.
4. The translocation amount of N in the roots, stem and branches and leaves increased with the increasing of N fertilizer application. But the ratio of translocation amount in their maximum values decreased with the increasing of N fertilizer application, and accounting for about 20%-30%, 30%-60% and 70%-80% respectively.
5. The distribution of N in different organs changed as the growth of plant. The amount of N mainly distributed in leaves in seeding stage, in stem and branches as much as in leaves in the beginning of flower, in stem and branches in the ending of flower and in seeds in maturing.
6. The N in pods coming from leaves was more than 30%, affected slightly by N fertilizer application, from stem and branches was about 30%-10%, decreased as the increasing of N fertilizer application, from roots was less than 5%, and from soil after the beginning of flower was 30%-50%, increased as the increasing of N fertilizer application.
引文
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