角钢加强的十字形截面钢筋混凝土柱抗震性能试验研究
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摘要
2010年海地地震和智利地震的震后受灾程度截然不同,再次反映建筑结构抗震设防的标准、社会防灾减灾的应急措施以及人民的安全逃生意识都直接关系到地震带来的人员伤亡和财产损失;08年我国汶川特大地震,系新中国成立以来破坏性最强、波及范围最大的一次地震,人员伤亡惨重,经济损失巨大。
地震中建筑、道路和桥梁的破坏不仅会造成巨大的经济损失和环境破坏,绝大多数人员的伤亡也是由于建筑物的破坏或倒塌造成的。汶川特大地震的震害也给我们再次敲响了抗震设防的警钟。因此,如何实现“小震不坏,中震可修,大震不倒”的抗震设防目标,一直是从事结构抗震研究人员探索的课题。
我国仍是一个发展中国家,在经济快速发展的同时,人们对建筑结构抗震性能的要求在不断提高。异形柱框架结构是目前提倡使用的结构形式,广泛应用与高档住宅和宾馆,但异形柱自身的一些不足也限制了其适用范围,我国现行行业标准《混凝土异形柱结构技术规程》中规定的异形柱框架适用高度较普通框架要低。
基于异形柱结构在国内的应用现状,以及其发展前景的需要,如何改善异形柱框架结构的抗震性能、提高其应用范围,是一门值得深入探讨的课题。本文抛弃传统在异形柱内配置钢板、工字钢等型钢的手段,拟采用在异形柱中配置适量的角钢,以在少量增大其截面配钢率的情况下,较大幅度地提高其抗震性能,从而增加异形柱结构的适用范围,在抗震性能和经济性以及施工的方便性中寻求一个平衡点。
本文以十字形截面异形柱为研究对象,主要进行了以下三个方面的研究工作:
(1)选取异形柱框架体系中的十字形截面柱,通过5根模型柱(其中4根经过角钢加强)的低周反复荷载试验,得到了试验柱在压、弯、剪共同作用下的破坏形态。根据试验,分析了角钢加强的十字形截面异形柱的延性、滞回特性、耗能能力、承载力退化、刚度退化。在探讨了是否配置角钢、轴压比、配钢率、配钢型式等因素对十字形截面异形柱延性、承载力和变形能力影响的基础上,建立了角钢加强的十字形截面异形柱的恢复力模型。
(2)运用ANSYS10.0对模型柱的试验全过程进行非线性仿真分析。从试件各阶段的强度指标值和应力-应变曲线比较模拟值与试验值。结果表明,ANSYS的模拟计算结果与试验结果吻合度较好。
(3)建立了对角钢加强的十字形截面异形柱的偏心受压正截面承载力计算公式,提出了截面承载力调整系数的概念,并通过试验柱作算例进行计算,比对试验结果,发现公式计算误差能满足工程计算精度。
研究表明角钢加强下的试验柱具有较好的抗震性能,且提高明显;角钢能与混凝土协同工作,截面符合正截面假定;正截面承载能力的计算和非线性模拟均符合试验模型,为进一步的研究提供了铺垫。
In 2010, the big difference of the disaster extent between the earthquake in Haiti and Chile, reflects again that the building structure earthquake-proof standards, emergency measures of the social disaster prevention and mitigation, and the awareness to escape for safety of the people, are directly related to the casualties and property losses caused by earthquake. Wenchuan Earthquake in China in 2008, is the one with strongest damaging and biggest affected areas, which caused huge personnel casualties and economic losses.
The collapse of building structure, roads and bridges in earthquake will not only result in huge economic losses and environmental damage, but also the vast majority of personnel casualties. The seismic damage of Wenchuan Earthquake sounded the alarm to us once again of earthquake-proof. Therefore, how to achieve the seismic fortification goal of“small earthquake has no consequence, buildings could be repaired in medium one, and buildings couldn’t be collapsed in huge one”has always been the explore issues to researchers engaged in seismic.
China is still a developing country, as the rapid economic development, the request of building structural seismic performance continues to increase. The use of specially shaped column frame structure is currently promoting, which widely be uesed in high-end residential and hotels, but some of thire own lack in specially shaped columns are also limited the scope of application. In the provisions of the current industry standard,“Technical specification for concrete structures with specially shaped columns”, the specially shaped column frame is applicable for a lower height than the general framework.
based on the application status of specially shaped columns the in the country, as well as the needs of its development prospects, how to improve the seismic performance of specially shaped column frame and to enhance its scope of application, is a subject which worth exploring in depth. This study moved away from the traditional means which deploy in specially shaped columns with steel plate, steel I-beam and so on, and deployed in the columns with the right amount of angle steel, in order to increase its anti-seismic performance large, with the circumstances of relatively increase a small amount of steel ratio, thereby increased the scope of application of specially shaped column structure. And this study came up with a balance in the seismic performance, economy, as well as the convenience of construction.
As the cross-section shaped columns for the object of study, this study mainly for the following three areas of work:
(1).This study selected the cross-section columns from the specially shaped column frame. According to the low cyclic reversed lateral loading experiment for 5 model columns (four of them are reinforced by angle steel), it get the failure mode at the combined effect of pressure, bending and shear. Based on the experiment, it analyzed the ductility, hysteretic characteristics, degradation of bearing capacity and stiffness, energy dissipation capacity of the cross-section columns reinforced by angle steel. In terms of the analysis on the influence of the ductility, bearing capacity and deformation capacity of the cross-section shaped columns, by the factors of whether configuration angle, axial compression ratio, with the rate of steel, with steel type and so on. It established the restoring force model of the cross-section shaped columns reinforced by angle steel.
(2).It carried out the non-linear simulation analysis of the model columns in the whole test process by ANSYS10.0. Compared to the test results of strength index values at various stages and the stress - strain curves, ANSYS simulation results shown that it matched with the test results well.
(3). Finally it came up with many formulas for the cross-section shaped columns reinforced by angle steel about the ultimate bearing capacity of normal sections at eccentric compression, and put forward the concept of adjustment factor for section bearing capacity. By the calculation of one of the test columns using those formulas, and the comparition against the tese results, it shown that the error of the formulas can meet the need of engineering calculation accuracy.
The studies have shown that the test columns reinforced by angle steel has a good seismic performance, with a obviously increase. The angle steel worked well with concrete, and in line with the cross-section assumption. The calculation of the ultimate bearing capacity of normal sections and the non-linear simulation analysis are in line with the test models, and provide the groundwork for further study.
地震中建筑、道路和桥梁的破坏不仅会造成巨大的经济损失和环境破坏,绝大多数人员的伤亡也是由于建筑物的破坏或倒塌造成的。汶川特大地震的震害也给我们再次敲响了抗震设防的警钟。因此,如何实现“小震不坏,中震可修,大震不倒”的抗震设防目标,一直是从事结构抗震研究人员探索的课题。
我国仍是一个发展中国家,在经济快速发展的同时,人们对建筑结构抗震性能的要求在不断提高。异形柱框架结构是目前提倡使用的结构形式,广泛应用与高档住宅和宾馆,但异形柱自身的一些不足也限制了其适用范围,我国现行行业标准《混凝土异形柱结构技术规程》中规定的异形柱框架适用高度较普通框架要低。
基于异形柱结构在国内的应用现状,以及其发展前景的需要,如何改善异形柱框架结构的抗震性能、提高其应用范围,是一门值得深入探讨的课题。本文抛弃传统在异形柱内配置钢板、工字钢等型钢的手段,拟采用在异形柱中配置适量的角钢,以在少量增大其截面配钢率的情况下,较大幅度地提高其抗震性能,从而增加异形柱结构的适用范围,在抗震性能和经济性以及施工的方便性中寻求一个平衡点。
本文以十字形截面异形柱为研究对象,主要进行了以下三个方面的研究工作:
(1)选取异形柱框架体系中的十字形截面柱,通过5根模型柱(其中4根经过角钢加强)的低周反复荷载试验,得到了试验柱在压、弯、剪共同作用下的破坏形态。根据试验,分析了角钢加强的十字形截面异形柱的延性、滞回特性、耗能能力、承载力退化、刚度退化。在探讨了是否配置角钢、轴压比、配钢率、配钢型式等因素对十字形截面异形柱延性、承载力和变形能力影响的基础上,建立了角钢加强的十字形截面异形柱的恢复力模型。
(2)运用ANSYS10.0对模型柱的试验全过程进行非线性仿真分析。从试件各阶段的强度指标值和应力-应变曲线比较模拟值与试验值。结果表明,ANSYS的模拟计算结果与试验结果吻合度较好。
(3)建立了对角钢加强的十字形截面异形柱的偏心受压正截面承载力计算公式,提出了截面承载力调整系数的概念,并通过试验柱作算例进行计算,比对试验结果,发现公式计算误差能满足工程计算精度。
研究表明角钢加强下的试验柱具有较好的抗震性能,且提高明显;角钢能与混凝土协同工作,截面符合正截面假定;正截面承载能力的计算和非线性模拟均符合试验模型,为进一步的研究提供了铺垫。
In 2010, the big difference of the disaster extent between the earthquake in Haiti and Chile, reflects again that the building structure earthquake-proof standards, emergency measures of the social disaster prevention and mitigation, and the awareness to escape for safety of the people, are directly related to the casualties and property losses caused by earthquake. Wenchuan Earthquake in China in 2008, is the one with strongest damaging and biggest affected areas, which caused huge personnel casualties and economic losses.
The collapse of building structure, roads and bridges in earthquake will not only result in huge economic losses and environmental damage, but also the vast majority of personnel casualties. The seismic damage of Wenchuan Earthquake sounded the alarm to us once again of earthquake-proof. Therefore, how to achieve the seismic fortification goal of“small earthquake has no consequence, buildings could be repaired in medium one, and buildings couldn’t be collapsed in huge one”has always been the explore issues to researchers engaged in seismic.
China is still a developing country, as the rapid economic development, the request of building structural seismic performance continues to increase. The use of specially shaped column frame structure is currently promoting, which widely be uesed in high-end residential and hotels, but some of thire own lack in specially shaped columns are also limited the scope of application. In the provisions of the current industry standard,“Technical specification for concrete structures with specially shaped columns”, the specially shaped column frame is applicable for a lower height than the general framework.
based on the application status of specially shaped columns the in the country, as well as the needs of its development prospects, how to improve the seismic performance of specially shaped column frame and to enhance its scope of application, is a subject which worth exploring in depth. This study moved away from the traditional means which deploy in specially shaped columns with steel plate, steel I-beam and so on, and deployed in the columns with the right amount of angle steel, in order to increase its anti-seismic performance large, with the circumstances of relatively increase a small amount of steel ratio, thereby increased the scope of application of specially shaped column structure. And this study came up with a balance in the seismic performance, economy, as well as the convenience of construction.
As the cross-section shaped columns for the object of study, this study mainly for the following three areas of work:
(1).This study selected the cross-section columns from the specially shaped column frame. According to the low cyclic reversed lateral loading experiment for 5 model columns (four of them are reinforced by angle steel), it get the failure mode at the combined effect of pressure, bending and shear. Based on the experiment, it analyzed the ductility, hysteretic characteristics, degradation of bearing capacity and stiffness, energy dissipation capacity of the cross-section columns reinforced by angle steel. In terms of the analysis on the influence of the ductility, bearing capacity and deformation capacity of the cross-section shaped columns, by the factors of whether configuration angle, axial compression ratio, with the rate of steel, with steel type and so on. It established the restoring force model of the cross-section shaped columns reinforced by angle steel.
(2).It carried out the non-linear simulation analysis of the model columns in the whole test process by ANSYS10.0. Compared to the test results of strength index values at various stages and the stress - strain curves, ANSYS simulation results shown that it matched with the test results well.
(3). Finally it came up with many formulas for the cross-section shaped columns reinforced by angle steel about the ultimate bearing capacity of normal sections at eccentric compression, and put forward the concept of adjustment factor for section bearing capacity. By the calculation of one of the test columns using those formulas, and the comparition against the tese results, it shown that the error of the formulas can meet the need of engineering calculation accuracy.
The studies have shown that the test columns reinforced by angle steel has a good seismic performance, with a obviously increase. The angle steel worked well with concrete, and in line with the cross-section assumption. The calculation of the ultimate bearing capacity of normal sections and the non-linear simulation analysis are in line with the test models, and provide the groundwork for further study.
引文
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