基于近程目标探测雷达的关键技术研究
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摘要
超近程主动防御系统是反导体系的最后一道屏障,近程目标探测雷达是主动防御系统中的核心技术,研究近程目标探测雷达具有重要的军事意义。寻找近程目标探测雷达的最佳信号波形,抑制雷达目标的角闪烁,以提高雷达目标命中率,改善测角精度,是本文需要解决的主要问题。本文针对以上两个问题展开研究,详细探讨了几种信号应用在近程目标探测雷达中的性能,雷达扩展目标的角闪烁建模、角闪烁抑制技术以及角闪烁背景下的雷达目标跟踪等方面的理论和应用技术,主要内容如下:
本文首先论述了研究的背景及意义,国内外研究的历史和现状及本文所做的主要工作;接着研究了近程目标探测雷达的波形设计方案,讨论了巴克码,伪随机码和互补码在近程目标探测雷达中的应用,仿真结果表明格勒互补码的性能最佳;然后研究了角闪烁的建模技术,对雷达扩展目标的确定性模型和统计型模型分别进行了建模和仿真分析。最后研究了角闪烁的抑制方法,一方面研究了捷变频雷达中抑制角闪烁,改善测角精度的理论方法,讨论了频率捷变抑制角闪烁的原理和技术,研究了采用幅度加权的方法抑制角闪烁,仿真结果表明基于幅度平方加权的捷变频技术可以最有效的抑制角闪烁;另一方面研究了基于粒子滤波器和扩展卡尔曼滤波器对目标角闪烁噪声抑制的性能,仿真结果表明粒子滤波的性能要优于扩展卡尔曼滤波。
Active defense system is important in military. Near range target detection radar is the key technology of active defense system. To find the best waveform of the near range target detection radar and to suppress glint, improve angle measuring accuracy and improve guidance radar's tracking and guiding accuracy, is the main problem to solve in this paper. The theory and some applicational technologies about near range target detection radar, including kinds of waveform designing, glint simulation, glint suppressing, target tracking with glint, are discussed in detail. The main work is outlined as follows:
Firstly, the background, significance, history and status in short-range active defense system and the main work of this paper are introduced. As followed, the waveform design of near range target detection radar are studied in detail. Computer simulation verifies the performance of Golay code is the best. And then, the glint simulation is studied. the feasibility simulation using multiple scattering centers target model and statistical model is studied in detail. Finally, the method of glint suppressing is discussed. In one side, the theories and technologies of suppressing glint measuring accuracy for frequency agility radar are studied. Frequency agility technique can get rid of the relativity between border upon echo pulses, and angle glint is suppressed effectively. Then, a study on glint suppressing algorithm is performed based on amplitude weighting. Performance comparison under different amplitude weighting is made and the optimization of square amplitude weighting is proved. Another side, the study is performed on the application of particle filter and EKF for tracking with glint noise. The simulation result shows that the particle filter algorithm can suppress glint and solve non-Gaussian maneuver targeting tracking problem primely.
本文首先论述了研究的背景及意义,国内外研究的历史和现状及本文所做的主要工作;接着研究了近程目标探测雷达的波形设计方案,讨论了巴克码,伪随机码和互补码在近程目标探测雷达中的应用,仿真结果表明格勒互补码的性能最佳;然后研究了角闪烁的建模技术,对雷达扩展目标的确定性模型和统计型模型分别进行了建模和仿真分析。最后研究了角闪烁的抑制方法,一方面研究了捷变频雷达中抑制角闪烁,改善测角精度的理论方法,讨论了频率捷变抑制角闪烁的原理和技术,研究了采用幅度加权的方法抑制角闪烁,仿真结果表明基于幅度平方加权的捷变频技术可以最有效的抑制角闪烁;另一方面研究了基于粒子滤波器和扩展卡尔曼滤波器对目标角闪烁噪声抑制的性能,仿真结果表明粒子滤波的性能要优于扩展卡尔曼滤波。
Active defense system is important in military. Near range target detection radar is the key technology of active defense system. To find the best waveform of the near range target detection radar and to suppress glint, improve angle measuring accuracy and improve guidance radar's tracking and guiding accuracy, is the main problem to solve in this paper. The theory and some applicational technologies about near range target detection radar, including kinds of waveform designing, glint simulation, glint suppressing, target tracking with glint, are discussed in detail. The main work is outlined as follows:
Firstly, the background, significance, history and status in short-range active defense system and the main work of this paper are introduced. As followed, the waveform design of near range target detection radar are studied in detail. Computer simulation verifies the performance of Golay code is the best. And then, the glint simulation is studied. the feasibility simulation using multiple scattering centers target model and statistical model is studied in detail. Finally, the method of glint suppressing is discussed. In one side, the theories and technologies of suppressing glint measuring accuracy for frequency agility radar are studied. Frequency agility technique can get rid of the relativity between border upon echo pulses, and angle glint is suppressed effectively. Then, a study on glint suppressing algorithm is performed based on amplitude weighting. Performance comparison under different amplitude weighting is made and the optimization of square amplitude weighting is proved. Another side, the study is performed on the application of particle filter and EKF for tracking with glint noise. The simulation result shows that the particle filter algorithm can suppress glint and solve non-Gaussian maneuver targeting tracking problem primely.
引文
[1]丁鹭飞,耿富录.雷达原理.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1997年
[2]梁泰基.统计无线电理论.长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1988年
[3]周宏仁,敬忠良,王培德.机动目标跟踪.北京:国防工业出版社,1991年
[4]刘福声,罗鹏飞.统计信号处理.长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1999年
[5]斯科尔尼克.雷达系统导论.北京:国防工业出版社,1992年
[6]David K.Barton.雷达系统分析与建模.北京:电子工业出版社,2007年
[7]孔繁清,薛军楼.主动防护系统的发展.坦克装甲车辆,2000(4):2-5
[8]赵晓凡.坦克装甲车辆主动防御系统研究.车辆与动力技术,2002(3):53-57
[9]奥格凯维茨R M.战斗车辆的主动防护.简氏防务周刊,1985(4):20
[10]黄金杰.巴克编码信号抑制旁瓣滤波器的等旁瓣设计方法.火控雷达技术,1992,(1):25-28
[11]张群逸.雷达中的相位编码信号与处理.火控雷达技术,2005.12(34):29-32
[12]杨文华,宋力平,王其扬.巴克码的旁瓣抑制.上海航天,1996,(4):41-45
[13]陈瑶琴,陈晓华.BARKER码脉压滤波器优化设计及性能分析.电子学报,1986.14(6):91-98
[14]贾志成,苗源,赵晓群,李琦.关于二元互补序列的核的讨论.河北工业大学学报,2002,31(1):1-4
[15]Gwen,Tanner.Accounting for glint in target tracking.SPIE,April 1998,Vol.3373,144-155
[16]Golay M J E.Complementary series.IRE.Trans.Inform.Theroy,1961,7(2):82-87
[17]N.J.Gordon.et,al.Novel approach to nonlinear/non-Gaussian Bayesian state estimation,April,1993,2:140-141
[18]Gordon N.et,al.A Bayesian approach to target tracking in the presence of glint,SPIE,1995,61(25)
[19]Daeipour E,Bar-Shalom Y.An interacting multiple model approach for target tracking with glint noise,Proc.IEEE national radar conference,Atlanta,1994.
[20]R.H.Delano.A theory of target glint or angular scintillation in radar tracking,Proc,IRE,1953,41:351-355
[21]R.J.Sim,E.R.Graf.The reduction of redar glint by diversity techniques.IEEE Trans.A.P.,1971,7(19):462-468
[22]J.H.Dunn,D.D.Howard.Radar target amplitude,angle,and Doppler scintillation from analysis of the echo signal propagating in space.IEEE T-MTT,Sept.1968,16(9):715-728
[23]W.P.Biremier,N.D.Wallace.Radar tracking accuracy improvement by of pulse-to-pulse frequency modulation,1962,81:571-575
[24]Wen-Rong,Wu.Target tracking with glint noise,IEEE Trans.AES,Vol.29,Jan.1993:174-185
[25]J.W.Wright.On the statistical modeling of radar targets.AD-753936
[26]李保国.基于目标角闪烁特性的末制导雷达跟踪与识别技术.博士论文.国防科技大学.2005年
[27]陈国瑛.雷达目标角闪烁的建模与抑制研究.博士论文.航天部二院,1998年
[28]黄培康.雷达目标特征信号.北京:宇航出版社,1993年
[29]熊张亮.基于超近程主动防护系统的雷达关键技术研究.博士论文,南京理工大学,2006年
[30]Barton D.K.雷达系统分析.北京:国防工业出版社,1985年
[31]孙文峰.宽带毫米波雷达精确制导信息处理方法研究.博士论文,国防科技大学,1998年
[32]王国玉,汪连栋等.雷达目标角闪烁的建模与仿真.火控雷达技术,2000,6(29):1-5
[33]李中兴.雷达目标角闪烁抑制.西北工业大学学报,1994,1(12):57-61
[34]乔晓林,肖渺,金铭.基于频率捷变和RCS加权抑制雷达角闪烁的研究.2001,23(4):54-57
[35]梁志恒,李德纯.单脉冲雷达对目标回波角闪烁的抑制技术.航空兵器,1998(3):1-3
[36]R.V Ostrovityanov.Basalov.Statistical Theory of Extended Radar Targets.Artech House,1985
[37]R.Mittra,et al.Analytic target modeling,1972,AD-755854
[38]B.Bordon.Requirement for optimal glint reduction by diversity methods.IEEE Traps.A.E.S,Jan 1993(27):877-880
[39]D.J.Masreliez,R.D.Martin.Robust Bayesian estimation for the linear model and robustifying the Kalman filter,IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.1977,22:361-371
[40]B.H.Borden,M.L.Mumford.A statistical glint/radar cross section target model,IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronics Systems,1983,19:781-785
[41]G.A.Hewer,R.D.Martin,J.Zeh.Robust preprocessing for Kalman filtering of glint noise.IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronics Systems,1987,23(1):120-128
[42]D.D.Howard.Radar target glint in tracking and guidance system based on echo signal phase distortion.Proc.NEC,1959,15:840-849
[43]张宝亮,杨柳,张亮.基于粒子滤波模型目标跟踪算法研究.机器视觉,2007(7):98-101
[44]吴晓燕.雷达目标角闪烁模型的数字仿真研究.计算机仿真,1995(2):15-22
[45]康健.粒子滤波算法的关键技术应用.火力与指挥控制,2007(4):53-56
[46]杨挺.雷达制导空空导弹的卡尔曼滤波器.航空兵器,1998(3):17-25
[47]俞志富,吕久明.基于航迹跟踪的EKF应用研究.现代防御技术,2007(4):114-117
[48]马长征.雷达目标三维成像技术研究.博士论文,西安电子科技大学,1999年
[49]Wen-Rong Wu,Peen-pau ehen.A nonlinear IMM algorithm for maneuving target tracking,IEEE Trans.A.E.S.1994,30:875-885
[50]E.Daeipour,Y Bar-Shalom.An IMM approach for target tracking with glint noise,IEEE Trans.A.E.S.1995,31:706-715
[51]Wen-Rong Wu.Maximum likehood identification of glint noise.IEEE Trans.A.E.S.,Jan.1996,32:781-785
[52]Masreliez C.J.Approximate non-Gaussian filtering with linear state and observation relations,IEEE Trans.A.C.1975,20:107-110
[53]G.S.Sandhu,A.V.Saylor.A real-time statistical radar target model.IEEE Trans.A.E.S.July 1985(21):490-507
[54]I.W.Guest,C.K.Pauw.Rank detector preprocessor for glint reduction in atracking radar.IEEE Trans-AES,1993,29(2):527-531
[55]Blaricum ML Mittra.R A technique for extracting the poles and residues of a system directly from its transient response.IEEE Trans.on AP,1975,23(6):777-781
[56]D.D.Howard.Radar target glint in tracking and guidance system based on echo signal phase distortion.Proc.NEC,1959,15:840-849
[57]Taek-Lyul.Song,Dong Gwan Lee.Effective filter of target glint.Trans-AES,Jan.2000,36(1):234-241
[2]梁泰基.统计无线电理论.长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1988年
[3]周宏仁,敬忠良,王培德.机动目标跟踪.北京:国防工业出版社,1991年
[4]刘福声,罗鹏飞.统计信号处理.长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1999年
[5]斯科尔尼克.雷达系统导论.北京:国防工业出版社,1992年
[6]David K.Barton.雷达系统分析与建模.北京:电子工业出版社,2007年
[7]孔繁清,薛军楼.主动防护系统的发展.坦克装甲车辆,2000(4):2-5
[8]赵晓凡.坦克装甲车辆主动防御系统研究.车辆与动力技术,2002(3):53-57
[9]奥格凯维茨R M.战斗车辆的主动防护.简氏防务周刊,1985(4):20
[10]黄金杰.巴克编码信号抑制旁瓣滤波器的等旁瓣设计方法.火控雷达技术,1992,(1):25-28
[11]张群逸.雷达中的相位编码信号与处理.火控雷达技术,2005.12(34):29-32
[12]杨文华,宋力平,王其扬.巴克码的旁瓣抑制.上海航天,1996,(4):41-45
[13]陈瑶琴,陈晓华.BARKER码脉压滤波器优化设计及性能分析.电子学报,1986.14(6):91-98
[14]贾志成,苗源,赵晓群,李琦.关于二元互补序列的核的讨论.河北工业大学学报,2002,31(1):1-4
[15]Gwen,Tanner.Accounting for glint in target tracking.SPIE,April 1998,Vol.3373,144-155
[16]Golay M J E.Complementary series.IRE.Trans.Inform.Theroy,1961,7(2):82-87
[17]N.J.Gordon.et,al.Novel approach to nonlinear/non-Gaussian Bayesian state estimation,April,1993,2:140-141
[18]Gordon N.et,al.A Bayesian approach to target tracking in the presence of glint,SPIE,1995,61(25)
[19]Daeipour E,Bar-Shalom Y.An interacting multiple model approach for target tracking with glint noise,Proc.IEEE national radar conference,Atlanta,1994.
[20]R.H.Delano.A theory of target glint or angular scintillation in radar tracking,Proc,IRE,1953,41:351-355
[21]R.J.Sim,E.R.Graf.The reduction of redar glint by diversity techniques.IEEE Trans.A.P.,1971,7(19):462-468
[22]J.H.Dunn,D.D.Howard.Radar target amplitude,angle,and Doppler scintillation from analysis of the echo signal propagating in space.IEEE T-MTT,Sept.1968,16(9):715-728
[23]W.P.Biremier,N.D.Wallace.Radar tracking accuracy improvement by of pulse-to-pulse frequency modulation,1962,81:571-575
[24]Wen-Rong,Wu.Target tracking with glint noise,IEEE Trans.AES,Vol.29,Jan.1993:174-185
[25]J.W.Wright.On the statistical modeling of radar targets.AD-753936
[26]李保国.基于目标角闪烁特性的末制导雷达跟踪与识别技术.博士论文.国防科技大学.2005年
[27]陈国瑛.雷达目标角闪烁的建模与抑制研究.博士论文.航天部二院,1998年
[28]黄培康.雷达目标特征信号.北京:宇航出版社,1993年
[29]熊张亮.基于超近程主动防护系统的雷达关键技术研究.博士论文,南京理工大学,2006年
[30]Barton D.K.雷达系统分析.北京:国防工业出版社,1985年
[31]孙文峰.宽带毫米波雷达精确制导信息处理方法研究.博士论文,国防科技大学,1998年
[32]王国玉,汪连栋等.雷达目标角闪烁的建模与仿真.火控雷达技术,2000,6(29):1-5
[33]李中兴.雷达目标角闪烁抑制.西北工业大学学报,1994,1(12):57-61
[34]乔晓林,肖渺,金铭.基于频率捷变和RCS加权抑制雷达角闪烁的研究.2001,23(4):54-57
[35]梁志恒,李德纯.单脉冲雷达对目标回波角闪烁的抑制技术.航空兵器,1998(3):1-3
[36]R.V Ostrovityanov.Basalov.Statistical Theory of Extended Radar Targets.Artech House,1985
[37]R.Mittra,et al.Analytic target modeling,1972,AD-755854
[38]B.Bordon.Requirement for optimal glint reduction by diversity methods.IEEE Traps.A.E.S,Jan 1993(27):877-880
[39]D.J.Masreliez,R.D.Martin.Robust Bayesian estimation for the linear model and robustifying the Kalman filter,IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.1977,22:361-371
[40]B.H.Borden,M.L.Mumford.A statistical glint/radar cross section target model,IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronics Systems,1983,19:781-785
[41]G.A.Hewer,R.D.Martin,J.Zeh.Robust preprocessing for Kalman filtering of glint noise.IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronics Systems,1987,23(1):120-128
[42]D.D.Howard.Radar target glint in tracking and guidance system based on echo signal phase distortion.Proc.NEC,1959,15:840-849
[43]张宝亮,杨柳,张亮.基于粒子滤波模型目标跟踪算法研究.机器视觉,2007(7):98-101
[44]吴晓燕.雷达目标角闪烁模型的数字仿真研究.计算机仿真,1995(2):15-22
[45]康健.粒子滤波算法的关键技术应用.火力与指挥控制,2007(4):53-56
[46]杨挺.雷达制导空空导弹的卡尔曼滤波器.航空兵器,1998(3):17-25
[47]俞志富,吕久明.基于航迹跟踪的EKF应用研究.现代防御技术,2007(4):114-117
[48]马长征.雷达目标三维成像技术研究.博士论文,西安电子科技大学,1999年
[49]Wen-Rong Wu,Peen-pau ehen.A nonlinear IMM algorithm for maneuving target tracking,IEEE Trans.A.E.S.1994,30:875-885
[50]E.Daeipour,Y Bar-Shalom.An IMM approach for target tracking with glint noise,IEEE Trans.A.E.S.1995,31:706-715
[51]Wen-Rong Wu.Maximum likehood identification of glint noise.IEEE Trans.A.E.S.,Jan.1996,32:781-785
[52]Masreliez C.J.Approximate non-Gaussian filtering with linear state and observation relations,IEEE Trans.A.C.1975,20:107-110
[53]G.S.Sandhu,A.V.Saylor.A real-time statistical radar target model.IEEE Trans.A.E.S.July 1985(21):490-507
[54]I.W.Guest,C.K.Pauw.Rank detector preprocessor for glint reduction in atracking radar.IEEE Trans-AES,1993,29(2):527-531
[55]Blaricum ML Mittra.R A technique for extracting the poles and residues of a system directly from its transient response.IEEE Trans.on AP,1975,23(6):777-781
[56]D.D.Howard.Radar target glint in tracking and guidance system based on echo signal phase distortion.Proc.NEC,1959,15:840-849
[57]Taek-Lyul.Song,Dong Gwan Lee.Effective filter of target glint.Trans-AES,Jan.2000,36(1):234-241