箔条干扰的特性与雷达抗箔条技术研究
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摘要
箔条是历史最为悠久的无源干扰物之一,在防空、反舰和反导等领域中均有着广泛应用。箔条干扰技术和战术的发展对雷达的作战性能提出了很大挑战,雷达要适应复杂战场电磁环境,迫切需要了解箔条干扰和待探测目标的特性,提出相应的抗箔条干扰的新机理、新方法和新技术。在此背景下,论文对箔条干扰的运动扩散特性和雷达回波特性进行了深入分析,并以地基防御雷达和反舰导弹雷达导引头为例,深入研究了雷达抗箔条干扰的新方法。
本文的研究工作分为两个层次:第一层次为箔条云的特性研究,主要包括运动扩散特性和雷达回波特性两方面。在箔条云运动扩散特性方面,对稠密大气和稀薄大气中单根箔条的受力及运动形式、箔条云的扩散模型进行了研究,重点对稀薄气体中单根箔条的动力学特性进行了分析,提出了基于DSMC(直接仿真Monte-Carlo)的箔条云飞行扩散仿真模拟方法,给出了一系列的箔条云飞行扩散的仿真结果,导出了稀薄气体中箔条云质心的运动方程和箔条位置分布的表达式;在箔条云雷达回波特性方面,建立了在简单脉冲、窄带LFM信号、宽带LFM信号三种不同波形激励下箔条云的雷达回波模型,然后对箔条云雷达回波的一阶统计特性和二阶统计特性进行了研究。一阶统计特性方面,给出了不同空间取向箔条云的平均RCS,首次得到了箔条云的极化特性近似与长度无关的结论,给出了箔条云极化协方差矩阵的表达式。二阶统计特性方面,首次导出了螺旋下降箔条云全极化相关矩阵和功率谱矩阵的表达式。本部分研究为后续的抗箔条方法研究提供了理论支撑。
第二个层次为雷达抗箔条技术方面。以地基导弹防御雷达和反舰导弹雷达导引头为例,分别研究了其抗箔条的新方法。对地基防御雷达,首先就中段整个飞行过程中箔条干扰回波的演化规律进行了分析,针对现有信号处理算法的不足,提出了适用于箔条云群目标的信号处理算法:根据结构特征将检测到的雷达目标分为杂波区和孤立强散射点,进行不同的后续处理,对杂波区,提出了杂波区的测量跟踪算法;就极化信息的利用,提出了一种基于线极化基变换最小极化比的目标识别方法,可以提高对箔条和旋转对称目标的识别性能。针对箔条云和雷达目标的距离—速度分布差异,提出了一种基于相参LFM脉冲串进行距离—多普勒分析的抗箔条干扰方法:提出了运动补偿的算法,克服了中段目标高速运动带来的距离走动;分析了两种不同抛撒方式形成的箔条云的距离—多普勒特性,对距离—多普勒域箔条和弹头可分辨和不可分辨情况下的抗箔条效果进行了仿真,仿真结果证明本方法能够提高雷达回波的信杂比,增强雷达的分辨能力。对反舰导弹雷达导引头,介绍了舰船防护中箔条干扰的作战使用方式,分析了箔条对反舰导弹的干扰效果。研究了箔条干扰和舰船目标的极化特性差异,首次推导出箔条云极化角的统计特性。在此基础上针对箔条干扰和舰船目标能够分辨开和不能分辨开的两种情况,分别提出了基于极化识别和基于极化对比增强的抗箔条干扰方法,利用仿真和外场试验数据对抗箔条干扰效果进行了验证,证明了两种方法的有效性。
Chaff is one of the most historical passive jammings, which is widely used in the fields of air-denfense, anti-ship and anti-missile. The battle performance of radar has been serously decreased by the development of chaff jamming technology and tactics. In order to adapt to complicated battle-field electromagnetic environment, radar urgently need to explore chaff jamming and radar targets’characteristics and propose new anti-chaff methods and technology. According to this, the motion and diffusion characteristics and radar scattering characteristics of chaff cloud are studied in this thesis. Based on the characteristics difference between chaff and target, new anti-chaff methods are proposed respectively for ground-based missile defense radar and radar seeker carried on anti-ship missile.
The work of this thesis includes two levels:
The first level is the study on characteristics of chaff jamming. Characteristics of chaff jamming include two aspects, which are the motion and diffusion characteristics and the radar scattering characteristics of chaff cloud. On the motion and diffusion characteristics of chaff cloud, the force and motion manner of single chaff and the diffusion of the whole chaff cloud are studied for dense atmosphere and rare atmosphere. The kinetic characteristics of single chaff in rare gas are derived with emphasis. The DSMC (direct simulation Monter-Carlo) method to simulate the flying of chaff cloud is proposed. Using this method a series of simulation results are gained and presented. The motion formulas of the chaff cloud’s mass center and the formulas of chaffs’position distribution in rare gas are derived. On the radar scattering characteristics of chaff cloud, the chaff cloud’s radar scattering models are built respectively for signals of simple pulse, narrow-band LFM signal form, wide-band LFM signal form. Then the first-order and second-order statistic characteristics of chaff cloud’s radar scattering are studied. In aspect of the first-order statistic characteristics, the accurate formula of chaff cloud’s average RCS is derived for uniform oriented chaff cloud, and the curves are presented for norm oriented chaff cloud, which describe chaff cloud’s average RCS varying with the elevation in different polarimetric channels. It is concluded for the first time that the chaff cloud’s polarimetric characteristics are independed on chaff’s length, and the formula of polarimetric coviance matrix is presented. At last the second-order statistic characteristics are investigated. The chaff cloud’s correlation matrix and power spectra matrix are derived based on the newest spiral descending model of chaff. The research results in this level provide the following level with theory basis, in which new anti-chaff methods are studied.
In the second level, new anti-chaff methods for MD (missile defense) radar and radar seeker carried on anti-ship missile are studied. For the MD radar, the shortage of current signal process algorithm is pointed out. A new signal processing algorithm is proposed which is suitable for chaff cloud group targets. According to structure characteristcs, the detected radar targets are classified into isolated strong scattering point and continuous clutter area. Different following signal process is choosed according to target type. A measure and track algorithm is proposed for continuous clutter area. A recognization method based on the minimized polar ratio in linear polarization transform is proposed. The method can improve the recognization performance of rotation sysmetrial targets and chaff cloud. Then a new anti-chaff method using range-doppler analysis with coherent LFM pulse series is proposed. A moving compensation algorithm is proposed which can overcome the range ambulate. The range-doppler characteristics of two type chaff clouds formed in different ways are investigated. At last, it is proved through simulation that this method can improve SCR and enhance the resolve ability of radar. The detection performance of strong scattering point target in chaff cloud is improved through this method. For Radar seeker, the using manners of chaff in ship self-defense battle are introduced. The interference effect of chaff on anti-ship missile is analyzed. The polarimetric characteristics difference between chaff jamming and ship target is studied, and the statistics characteristics of chaff cloud’s polar angle is derived at first time. Based on the above, an anti-chaff algorithm based on polarization reorganization is proposed for situation that chaff cloud and ship can be solved, and an anti-chaff algorithm based on polarization contrast enhancement is proposed for situation that chaff cloud and ship can’t be solved. The anti-chaff performance of those algorithms is proved to be good by simulation and real data.
本文的研究工作分为两个层次:第一层次为箔条云的特性研究,主要包括运动扩散特性和雷达回波特性两方面。在箔条云运动扩散特性方面,对稠密大气和稀薄大气中单根箔条的受力及运动形式、箔条云的扩散模型进行了研究,重点对稀薄气体中单根箔条的动力学特性进行了分析,提出了基于DSMC(直接仿真Monte-Carlo)的箔条云飞行扩散仿真模拟方法,给出了一系列的箔条云飞行扩散的仿真结果,导出了稀薄气体中箔条云质心的运动方程和箔条位置分布的表达式;在箔条云雷达回波特性方面,建立了在简单脉冲、窄带LFM信号、宽带LFM信号三种不同波形激励下箔条云的雷达回波模型,然后对箔条云雷达回波的一阶统计特性和二阶统计特性进行了研究。一阶统计特性方面,给出了不同空间取向箔条云的平均RCS,首次得到了箔条云的极化特性近似与长度无关的结论,给出了箔条云极化协方差矩阵的表达式。二阶统计特性方面,首次导出了螺旋下降箔条云全极化相关矩阵和功率谱矩阵的表达式。本部分研究为后续的抗箔条方法研究提供了理论支撑。
第二个层次为雷达抗箔条技术方面。以地基导弹防御雷达和反舰导弹雷达导引头为例,分别研究了其抗箔条的新方法。对地基防御雷达,首先就中段整个飞行过程中箔条干扰回波的演化规律进行了分析,针对现有信号处理算法的不足,提出了适用于箔条云群目标的信号处理算法:根据结构特征将检测到的雷达目标分为杂波区和孤立强散射点,进行不同的后续处理,对杂波区,提出了杂波区的测量跟踪算法;就极化信息的利用,提出了一种基于线极化基变换最小极化比的目标识别方法,可以提高对箔条和旋转对称目标的识别性能。针对箔条云和雷达目标的距离—速度分布差异,提出了一种基于相参LFM脉冲串进行距离—多普勒分析的抗箔条干扰方法:提出了运动补偿的算法,克服了中段目标高速运动带来的距离走动;分析了两种不同抛撒方式形成的箔条云的距离—多普勒特性,对距离—多普勒域箔条和弹头可分辨和不可分辨情况下的抗箔条效果进行了仿真,仿真结果证明本方法能够提高雷达回波的信杂比,增强雷达的分辨能力。对反舰导弹雷达导引头,介绍了舰船防护中箔条干扰的作战使用方式,分析了箔条对反舰导弹的干扰效果。研究了箔条干扰和舰船目标的极化特性差异,首次推导出箔条云极化角的统计特性。在此基础上针对箔条干扰和舰船目标能够分辨开和不能分辨开的两种情况,分别提出了基于极化识别和基于极化对比增强的抗箔条干扰方法,利用仿真和外场试验数据对抗箔条干扰效果进行了验证,证明了两种方法的有效性。
Chaff is one of the most historical passive jammings, which is widely used in the fields of air-denfense, anti-ship and anti-missile. The battle performance of radar has been serously decreased by the development of chaff jamming technology and tactics. In order to adapt to complicated battle-field electromagnetic environment, radar urgently need to explore chaff jamming and radar targets’characteristics and propose new anti-chaff methods and technology. According to this, the motion and diffusion characteristics and radar scattering characteristics of chaff cloud are studied in this thesis. Based on the characteristics difference between chaff and target, new anti-chaff methods are proposed respectively for ground-based missile defense radar and radar seeker carried on anti-ship missile.
The work of this thesis includes two levels:
The first level is the study on characteristics of chaff jamming. Characteristics of chaff jamming include two aspects, which are the motion and diffusion characteristics and the radar scattering characteristics of chaff cloud. On the motion and diffusion characteristics of chaff cloud, the force and motion manner of single chaff and the diffusion of the whole chaff cloud are studied for dense atmosphere and rare atmosphere. The kinetic characteristics of single chaff in rare gas are derived with emphasis. The DSMC (direct simulation Monter-Carlo) method to simulate the flying of chaff cloud is proposed. Using this method a series of simulation results are gained and presented. The motion formulas of the chaff cloud’s mass center and the formulas of chaffs’position distribution in rare gas are derived. On the radar scattering characteristics of chaff cloud, the chaff cloud’s radar scattering models are built respectively for signals of simple pulse, narrow-band LFM signal form, wide-band LFM signal form. Then the first-order and second-order statistic characteristics of chaff cloud’s radar scattering are studied. In aspect of the first-order statistic characteristics, the accurate formula of chaff cloud’s average RCS is derived for uniform oriented chaff cloud, and the curves are presented for norm oriented chaff cloud, which describe chaff cloud’s average RCS varying with the elevation in different polarimetric channels. It is concluded for the first time that the chaff cloud’s polarimetric characteristics are independed on chaff’s length, and the formula of polarimetric coviance matrix is presented. At last the second-order statistic characteristics are investigated. The chaff cloud’s correlation matrix and power spectra matrix are derived based on the newest spiral descending model of chaff. The research results in this level provide the following level with theory basis, in which new anti-chaff methods are studied.
In the second level, new anti-chaff methods for MD (missile defense) radar and radar seeker carried on anti-ship missile are studied. For the MD radar, the shortage of current signal process algorithm is pointed out. A new signal processing algorithm is proposed which is suitable for chaff cloud group targets. According to structure characteristcs, the detected radar targets are classified into isolated strong scattering point and continuous clutter area. Different following signal process is choosed according to target type. A measure and track algorithm is proposed for continuous clutter area. A recognization method based on the minimized polar ratio in linear polarization transform is proposed. The method can improve the recognization performance of rotation sysmetrial targets and chaff cloud. Then a new anti-chaff method using range-doppler analysis with coherent LFM pulse series is proposed. A moving compensation algorithm is proposed which can overcome the range ambulate. The range-doppler characteristics of two type chaff clouds formed in different ways are investigated. At last, it is proved through simulation that this method can improve SCR and enhance the resolve ability of radar. The detection performance of strong scattering point target in chaff cloud is improved through this method. For Radar seeker, the using manners of chaff in ship self-defense battle are introduced. The interference effect of chaff on anti-ship missile is analyzed. The polarimetric characteristics difference between chaff jamming and ship target is studied, and the statistics characteristics of chaff cloud’s polar angle is derived at first time. Based on the above, an anti-chaff algorithm based on polarization reorganization is proposed for situation that chaff cloud and ship can be solved, and an anti-chaff algorithm based on polarization contrast enhancement is proposed for situation that chaff cloud and ship can’t be solved. The anti-chaff performance of those algorithms is proved to be good by simulation and real data.
引文
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