秦川牛及其杂种牛UCP3、IGF2、CAPN1基因多态性与胴体、肉质性状关系研究
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摘要
本试验以229头秦川牛(QQ)及其杂种牛西秦(XQ)、安秦(AQ)、德秦(DQ)牛为研究对象,采用PCR-SSCP分子标记方法对UCP3基因、IGF2基因和CAPN1基因的多态性进行了分析,并结合测序对其基因的部分外显子和内含子进行了序列分析,目的在于探索UCP3、IGF2、CAPN1基因对肉牛胴体、肉质性状的影响,为今后良种肉牛的选育提供一定的理论依据。研究结果如下:
1. UCP3基因第3外显子多态性与胴体、肉质性状的关系
UCP3基因第3外显子检测到AA、AB、AC和AD型四种基因型。测序结果显示,AB型个体在820位C→T突变,AC型个体在775位G→A突变,AD型个体在951位G→T突变。4个群体中AA型个体在宰前活重、胴体重、胴体长、眼肌面积、系水力、大理石花纹中显著高于AB、AC、AD型个体(P<0.05);AB型个体的背膘厚显著高于AA、AC、AD型个体(P<0.05)。秦川牛群体的胴体重和嫩度中达到差异极显著(P<0.01)。
2. UCP3基因第5内含子多态性与胴体、肉质性状的关系
UCP3基因第5内含子检测到KK、KM、MM型三种基因型,4个群体在2966位都发生C→A突变;AA型个体在3286位、3305位和3328位都发生G→A突变,在3374位发生C→T突变。各群体KK型个体在宰前活重、胴体重、背膘厚、系水力、大理石花纹、嫩度上显著高于KM、MM型个体(P<0.05)。
3. IGF2基因多态性与胴体、肉质性状的关系
IGF2基因第2外显子检测到AA、AB、BB三种基因型,测序发现AA基因型在120位C→T突变。在IGF2基因第2内含子检测到DD、DE、DF三种基因型,测序发现279位A→G突变。方差分析结果表明,两个位点均在胴体性状中与宰前活重、胴体重、胴体长、胴体胸深、眼肌面积显著相关(P<0.05),其中背膘厚达到差异极显著(P<0.01);在肉质性状中与大理石花纹、嫩度、pH24显著相关(P<0.05)。但是在胴体深、系水力指标中差异不显著(P>0.05)。A、D等位基因是群体中的优势等位基因,AA、DD基因型是优势基因型,而含有B、E等位基因的个体的胴体、肉质性状优于其它个体,尤其有着极强脂肪沉积能力。
4. CAPN1基因多态性与胴体和肉质性状的关系
CAPN1基因多态的产生是由第1278位C→T突变造成。CAPN1不同基因型4个群体胴体性状中的宰前活重、胴体重、胴体长、胴体胸深、胴体深上均无显著差异(P>0.05);眼肌面积上MM基因型个体显著高于MB型个体(P<0.05);肉质性状中在大理石花纹、系水力、pH24均无显著差异(P>0.05),MM基因型个体的嫩度极显著高于MB型个体(P<0.01)。
PCR–SSCP technology was applied to analyze the correlation of polymorphisms of UCP3 ,IGF2,CAPN1gene in 229 beef cattle, including Qinchuan cattle, Qinchuan×Simmental cattle, Qinchuan×Red Angus and Qinchuan×German Yellow cattle. And combined with sequencing to analysis some exons and introns of the gene,to have the research of the effect on UCP3 ,IGF2,CAPN1gene with carcass and meat quality traits.In order to provide definite theoretic foundation for excellent beef breeding.The results showed that:
(1) Polymorphism in UCP3 exon 2 gene and its relationship with carcass and meat quality traits
Four genotypes (AA, AB,AC,AD) were identified in UCP3 gene exon3. The sequencing results showed that C→T(820) mutation in AB genotype, G→A(775) mutation in AC genotype , G→T(951) mutation in AD genotype respectively. The individuals of genotype AA in slaughter weight, carcass weight, carcass length, eye muscle area, water holding capacity, marbling were higher than that of genotype AB,AC,AD (P<0.05). The individuals with genotype AB were higher than those with AA, AC,AD in back fat thickness( P<0.05) .
(2) Polymorphism in UCP3 intron 5 gene and its relationship with carcass and meat quality traits
Three genotypes (KK,KM,MM) were identified in UCP3 intron 5 gene,genotype AA had mutations C→A(2966, 3305,3328), C→T(3374). The individuals with genotype KK were higher than those with KM、MM in slaughter weight, carcass weight, back fat thickness, water holding capacity,marbling,tenderness(P<0.05).
(3) Polymorphism in IGF2 gene and its relationship with carcass and meat quality traits
Three genotypes (AA, AB,BB) were identified of IGF2 gene,T→C (120) , A→G(279)mutations were found,statistical results indicated that significant differences in slaughter weight, carcass weight, carcass length, carcass chest depth ,eye muscle area (P<0.05). Most significant difference in thickness of back fat(P<0.01). Significant differences in marbling, tenderness , pH24 (P<0.05) ,The differences in carcass depth and water holding capacity were not significant.Genotype AA,DD were predominant genotype and A,D were predominant alleles. But the population who contain B,E allele had more excellent carcass and meat quality than others, especially in fat accumulate capacity.
(4)Polymorphism in CAPN1 gene and its relationship with carcass and meat quality traits.
Two genotypes (MM,MB) were identified of CAPN1 gene, T→C (1278) was found,the differences in slaughter weight, carcass weight, carcass length, carcass chest depth were not significant(P>0.05),but significant differences in eye muscle area,carcass depth and water holding capacity(P<0.05). but the differences in marbling,water holding capacity , pH24 were not significant (P>0.05). But the individuals of genotype MM had higher tenderness than individuals of genotype MM(P<0.01).
1. UCP3基因第3外显子多态性与胴体、肉质性状的关系
UCP3基因第3外显子检测到AA、AB、AC和AD型四种基因型。测序结果显示,AB型个体在820位C→T突变,AC型个体在775位G→A突变,AD型个体在951位G→T突变。4个群体中AA型个体在宰前活重、胴体重、胴体长、眼肌面积、系水力、大理石花纹中显著高于AB、AC、AD型个体(P<0.05);AB型个体的背膘厚显著高于AA、AC、AD型个体(P<0.05)。秦川牛群体的胴体重和嫩度中达到差异极显著(P<0.01)。
2. UCP3基因第5内含子多态性与胴体、肉质性状的关系
UCP3基因第5内含子检测到KK、KM、MM型三种基因型,4个群体在2966位都发生C→A突变;AA型个体在3286位、3305位和3328位都发生G→A突变,在3374位发生C→T突变。各群体KK型个体在宰前活重、胴体重、背膘厚、系水力、大理石花纹、嫩度上显著高于KM、MM型个体(P<0.05)。
3. IGF2基因多态性与胴体、肉质性状的关系
IGF2基因第2外显子检测到AA、AB、BB三种基因型,测序发现AA基因型在120位C→T突变。在IGF2基因第2内含子检测到DD、DE、DF三种基因型,测序发现279位A→G突变。方差分析结果表明,两个位点均在胴体性状中与宰前活重、胴体重、胴体长、胴体胸深、眼肌面积显著相关(P<0.05),其中背膘厚达到差异极显著(P<0.01);在肉质性状中与大理石花纹、嫩度、pH24显著相关(P<0.05)。但是在胴体深、系水力指标中差异不显著(P>0.05)。A、D等位基因是群体中的优势等位基因,AA、DD基因型是优势基因型,而含有B、E等位基因的个体的胴体、肉质性状优于其它个体,尤其有着极强脂肪沉积能力。
4. CAPN1基因多态性与胴体和肉质性状的关系
CAPN1基因多态的产生是由第1278位C→T突变造成。CAPN1不同基因型4个群体胴体性状中的宰前活重、胴体重、胴体长、胴体胸深、胴体深上均无显著差异(P>0.05);眼肌面积上MM基因型个体显著高于MB型个体(P<0.05);肉质性状中在大理石花纹、系水力、pH24均无显著差异(P>0.05),MM基因型个体的嫩度极显著高于MB型个体(P<0.01)。
PCR–SSCP technology was applied to analyze the correlation of polymorphisms of UCP3 ,IGF2,CAPN1gene in 229 beef cattle, including Qinchuan cattle, Qinchuan×Simmental cattle, Qinchuan×Red Angus and Qinchuan×German Yellow cattle. And combined with sequencing to analysis some exons and introns of the gene,to have the research of the effect on UCP3 ,IGF2,CAPN1gene with carcass and meat quality traits.In order to provide definite theoretic foundation for excellent beef breeding.The results showed that:
(1) Polymorphism in UCP3 exon 2 gene and its relationship with carcass and meat quality traits
Four genotypes (AA, AB,AC,AD) were identified in UCP3 gene exon3. The sequencing results showed that C→T(820) mutation in AB genotype, G→A(775) mutation in AC genotype , G→T(951) mutation in AD genotype respectively. The individuals of genotype AA in slaughter weight, carcass weight, carcass length, eye muscle area, water holding capacity, marbling were higher than that of genotype AB,AC,AD (P<0.05). The individuals with genotype AB were higher than those with AA, AC,AD in back fat thickness( P<0.05) .
(2) Polymorphism in UCP3 intron 5 gene and its relationship with carcass and meat quality traits
Three genotypes (KK,KM,MM) were identified in UCP3 intron 5 gene,genotype AA had mutations C→A(2966, 3305,3328), C→T(3374). The individuals with genotype KK were higher than those with KM、MM in slaughter weight, carcass weight, back fat thickness, water holding capacity,marbling,tenderness(P<0.05).
(3) Polymorphism in IGF2 gene and its relationship with carcass and meat quality traits
Three genotypes (AA, AB,BB) were identified of IGF2 gene,T→C (120) , A→G(279)mutations were found,statistical results indicated that significant differences in slaughter weight, carcass weight, carcass length, carcass chest depth ,eye muscle area (P<0.05). Most significant difference in thickness of back fat(P<0.01). Significant differences in marbling, tenderness , pH24 (P<0.05) ,The differences in carcass depth and water holding capacity were not significant.Genotype AA,DD were predominant genotype and A,D were predominant alleles. But the population who contain B,E allele had more excellent carcass and meat quality than others, especially in fat accumulate capacity.
(4)Polymorphism in CAPN1 gene and its relationship with carcass and meat quality traits.
Two genotypes (MM,MB) were identified of CAPN1 gene, T→C (1278) was found,the differences in slaughter weight, carcass weight, carcass length, carcass chest depth were not significant(P>0.05),but significant differences in eye muscle area,carcass depth and water holding capacity(P<0.05). but the differences in marbling,water holding capacity , pH24 were not significant (P>0.05). But the individuals of genotype MM had higher tenderness than individuals of genotype MM(P<0.01).
引文
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