慢性间歇低氧暴露对棕色田鼠亲体及其子代生活史特征的影响
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摘要
母体效应系指双亲的表型影响其后代表型的直接效应。有机体的早期生长受到基因遗传之外的其它因素的影响,其中一个重要因素是母体效应,其在生态和进化上都有重要意义。低氧刺激能对机体产生一系列生理学甚至病理学的影响,对心血管系统和呼吸系统的影响尤为显著,而低氧作为一种特殊的环境应激因素,在生产生活中很多情况下都会出现。如何短暂或长期地适应低氧刺激成为人类研究的重要课题。地下鼠常年生活在低氧的地下洞道内,对低氧有良好的适应性,棕色田鼠作为一种地下鼠,对地下生活的适应性演化并未完全成型,可以在常氧环境下正常生活和繁殖,是研究有机体低氧适应下母体效应的良好材料。
为研究棕色田鼠对低氧环境的适应方式和机制,并讨论低氧对内环境的改变引起的母体效应在生态学和进化生物学方面的意义,本实验：1)研究了慢性间歇低氧暴露对棕色田鼠生活史特征的影响,从发育指标、器官重量和血象三方面进行讨论,分析棕色田鼠对低氧环境的应答方式；2)分别测定妊娠期和哺乳期亲体慢性间歇低氧暴露后的子代的死亡率、90日龄性比和个体发育,与非低氧组进行比较,提出低氧环境对棕色田鼠的母体效应；3)通过测定妊娠期和哺乳期亲体慢性间歇低氧暴露的亲体与子代的血象、器官重量和行为等指标,探讨低氧环境对棕色田鼠的母体效应,并从进化学、生态学等角度阐述其理论意义。
本研究结果表明：
1)棕色田鼠对10%的低氧有良好的适应性,持续35d的慢性间歇低氧后,多项指标组间显现出的差异未达到显著水平(P>0.05),棕色田鼠通过提高血红蛋白水平(P<0.05)来保证机体对氧的需求。
2)妊娠期低氧与哺乳期低氧对棕色田鼠子代的影响不同,棕色田鼠更适应于妊娠期低氧环境,低氧调控了棕色田鼠子代的性别比例。相对于胚胎来说,仔鼠对低氧的敏感程度更高,妊娠期低氧的大部分压力由母体承担了,而哺乳期低氧时,急性低氧应激对子代的刺激性更小
3)妊娠期低氧与哺乳期低氧对棕色田鼠亲体的血象、器官重量和行为的影响与未低氧的情况均有所区别,在妊娠期和哺乳期,由于繁殖投入较大,棕色田鼠主要通过调控血小板浓度(P<0.05)来调控血液黏稠度以应对低氧,其行为也支持棕色田鼠为单配制的婚配制度。
4)妊娠期低氧与哺乳期低氧对棕色田鼠子代的血象、器官重量和行为的影响与未低氧的情况均有所区别,母体效应在棕色田鼠对于低氧的适应性进化方面起到了积极的作用。
Maternal effects refers to the direct effects of phenotype of parents influences phenotype of their offspring, the early growth of organisms were influenced by many factors, besides by genetic factors, one of the important factors is the maternal effect, and it is important on both ecological and evolutionary. Hypoxia could stimulate the body to produce a series of physiological, even pathological effects, particularly on the cardiovascular system and the respiratory system; however, low oxygen environment is in many cases in both the production and our lives, as a special emergency environment factor, then, how to adapt to short or long-term hypoxia turned to an important subject of human research. Subterranean rodents living in the hypoxia underground tunnel perennial, adapted to hypoxia well, Mandarin vole is a kind of subterranean rodents, its adaptive evolution of life underground has not fully formed, and it can live a normal life and breed under normal oxygen, it is a good material to study maternal effect of organism under hypoxia adaptation.
In order to study the modalities and mechanisms of Mandarin vole to adapt to the hypoxia environment, and discuss the ecology and evolutionary biology significance of the maternal effect caused by hypoxia, the experiment studied 1) effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia exposure on life history traits of Mandarin vole, discussed and analyzed the way of hypoxia response from the development of indicators, organ weight and hemogram; 2) monitor the offspring mortality,90-day sex ratio and individual development after exposure to chronic intermittent hypoxia during pregnancy and lactation respectively, compared with non-hypoxia group, raised the maternal effect caused by hypoxia of mandarin vole; 3) By monitoring the hemogram, organ weight and behavior after exposure to chronic intermittent hypoxia during pregnancy and lactation of both spawning and offspring, explained maternal effect caused by hypoxia, and described the theoretical significance from the evolutionary, ecological and other point of view.
The mean results were showed as follows:
1. Mandarin vole adapts well to hypoxia, after continuous 35 d chronic intermittent hypoxia, a number of indicators showed a not significant difference between the groups (P>0.05), Mandarin vole ensure the body's demand for oxygenby raising the hemoglobin level (P<0.05)
2. The impaction were different between pregnancy and lactation hypoxia of the offspring of Mandarin vole, Mandarin vole adapts pregnancy hypoxia better, hypoxia regulated the sex ratio of offspring. Fetus was more sensitive to hypoxia than embryo, much of the pressure were commitment by the mother during pregnancy hypoxia, but hypoxia less irritated the offspring during lactation hypoxia.
3. The impaction were different between pregnancy and lactation hypoxia of the hemogram, organ weight and behavior of the spawning of Mandarin vole. During pregnancy and lactation, due to greater investment in reproduction, Mandarin vole mainly regulates platelet concentration (P<0.05) to control blood viscosity in response to hypoxia, its behavior was in line with the monogamous mating system.
4. The impaction were different between pregnancy and lactation hypoxia of the hemogram, organ weight and behavior of the offspring of Mandarin vole, maternal effect has played a positive role in the evolution of hypoxia adaptation of Mandarin vole.
为研究棕色田鼠对低氧环境的适应方式和机制,并讨论低氧对内环境的改变引起的母体效应在生态学和进化生物学方面的意义,本实验：1)研究了慢性间歇低氧暴露对棕色田鼠生活史特征的影响,从发育指标、器官重量和血象三方面进行讨论,分析棕色田鼠对低氧环境的应答方式；2)分别测定妊娠期和哺乳期亲体慢性间歇低氧暴露后的子代的死亡率、90日龄性比和个体发育,与非低氧组进行比较,提出低氧环境对棕色田鼠的母体效应；3)通过测定妊娠期和哺乳期亲体慢性间歇低氧暴露的亲体与子代的血象、器官重量和行为等指标,探讨低氧环境对棕色田鼠的母体效应,并从进化学、生态学等角度阐述其理论意义。
本研究结果表明：
1)棕色田鼠对10%的低氧有良好的适应性,持续35d的慢性间歇低氧后,多项指标组间显现出的差异未达到显著水平(P>0.05),棕色田鼠通过提高血红蛋白水平(P<0.05)来保证机体对氧的需求。
2)妊娠期低氧与哺乳期低氧对棕色田鼠子代的影响不同,棕色田鼠更适应于妊娠期低氧环境,低氧调控了棕色田鼠子代的性别比例。相对于胚胎来说,仔鼠对低氧的敏感程度更高,妊娠期低氧的大部分压力由母体承担了,而哺乳期低氧时,急性低氧应激对子代的刺激性更小
3)妊娠期低氧与哺乳期低氧对棕色田鼠亲体的血象、器官重量和行为的影响与未低氧的情况均有所区别,在妊娠期和哺乳期,由于繁殖投入较大,棕色田鼠主要通过调控血小板浓度(P<0.05)来调控血液黏稠度以应对低氧,其行为也支持棕色田鼠为单配制的婚配制度。
4)妊娠期低氧与哺乳期低氧对棕色田鼠子代的血象、器官重量和行为的影响与未低氧的情况均有所区别,母体效应在棕色田鼠对于低氧的适应性进化方面起到了积极的作用。
Maternal effects refers to the direct effects of phenotype of parents influences phenotype of their offspring, the early growth of organisms were influenced by many factors, besides by genetic factors, one of the important factors is the maternal effect, and it is important on both ecological and evolutionary. Hypoxia could stimulate the body to produce a series of physiological, even pathological effects, particularly on the cardiovascular system and the respiratory system; however, low oxygen environment is in many cases in both the production and our lives, as a special emergency environment factor, then, how to adapt to short or long-term hypoxia turned to an important subject of human research. Subterranean rodents living in the hypoxia underground tunnel perennial, adapted to hypoxia well, Mandarin vole is a kind of subterranean rodents, its adaptive evolution of life underground has not fully formed, and it can live a normal life and breed under normal oxygen, it is a good material to study maternal effect of organism under hypoxia adaptation.
In order to study the modalities and mechanisms of Mandarin vole to adapt to the hypoxia environment, and discuss the ecology and evolutionary biology significance of the maternal effect caused by hypoxia, the experiment studied 1) effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia exposure on life history traits of Mandarin vole, discussed and analyzed the way of hypoxia response from the development of indicators, organ weight and hemogram; 2) monitor the offspring mortality,90-day sex ratio and individual development after exposure to chronic intermittent hypoxia during pregnancy and lactation respectively, compared with non-hypoxia group, raised the maternal effect caused by hypoxia of mandarin vole; 3) By monitoring the hemogram, organ weight and behavior after exposure to chronic intermittent hypoxia during pregnancy and lactation of both spawning and offspring, explained maternal effect caused by hypoxia, and described the theoretical significance from the evolutionary, ecological and other point of view.
The mean results were showed as follows:
1. Mandarin vole adapts well to hypoxia, after continuous 35 d chronic intermittent hypoxia, a number of indicators showed a not significant difference between the groups (P>0.05), Mandarin vole ensure the body's demand for oxygenby raising the hemoglobin level (P<0.05)
2. The impaction were different between pregnancy and lactation hypoxia of the offspring of Mandarin vole, Mandarin vole adapts pregnancy hypoxia better, hypoxia regulated the sex ratio of offspring. Fetus was more sensitive to hypoxia than embryo, much of the pressure were commitment by the mother during pregnancy hypoxia, but hypoxia less irritated the offspring during lactation hypoxia.
3. The impaction were different between pregnancy and lactation hypoxia of the hemogram, organ weight and behavior of the spawning of Mandarin vole. During pregnancy and lactation, due to greater investment in reproduction, Mandarin vole mainly regulates platelet concentration (P<0.05) to control blood viscosity in response to hypoxia, its behavior was in line with the monogamous mating system.
4. The impaction were different between pregnancy and lactation hypoxia of the hemogram, organ weight and behavior of the offspring of Mandarin vole, maternal effect has played a positive role in the evolution of hypoxia adaptation of Mandarin vole.
引文
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