基于MapGIS的工程地质柱状图和剖面图自动生成方法研究
摘要
工程地质柱状图和剖面图是工程地质报告中广泛使用的一种基础性图件,它用各种符号、曲线、文字表示地层岩性、岩组特征,直观反映地层的岩性组合、变化趋势,对于工程的规划、设计、施工等具有重要意义。
通过手工绘制工程地质柱状图和剖面图,既费时费力,图件又不够美观,精确度也难以达到要求,这种方法已经逐渐被淘汰,为计算机辅助工程地质制图所取代,相应地也出现了不少相关的成图软件,对地质计算机成图工作的进步起到了极大的推动作用。目前,工程地质柱状图和剖面图主要采用 CAD 等工具结合一些编程语言进行绘制的方法,利用 CAD 等技术来生成工程地质柱状图和剖面图,虽然自动化程度提高,但缺少GIS 功能。而 GIS 技术在工程地质中的应用,一方面可以利用 GIS 固有的特点,根据地层的空间分布规律快速方便的自动生成工程地质柱状图和剖面图,另一方面,由于系统以 GIS 技术为支撑,它在图形与属性互查方面有独特的优势。
本论文在认真分析地层的垂向分布规律和数据需求的基础上,设计出地质数据库来管理地质成图数据,提高了地质数据的利用率,方便了地质数据的输入、增加、删除、修改和查询。成图模块以 MapGIS 作为二次开发平台,以 Borland C++ Builder 6.0 为程序开发语言,调用 MapGIS 提供的二次开发组件,让 GIS 软件去做 GIS 的事情,而无需进行 GIS 功能的底层开发,降低了程序开发的难度,减少了程序代码的编写量。同时,本文在分析地层垂向分布规律的基础上,抽象出地层的组合形式,定制了剖面图的生成规则,设计出了钻孔柱状图和剖面图生成算法,并进行了详细的流程分析,编写出了工程地质柱状图和剖面图的自动成图模块,经西宁地区的实际工程地质资料验证,系统运行稳定、成图速度快,输出结果准确,生成的图形美观、谐调。
Engineering geology histograms and profiles are basic plot in the engineering geology report. They express stratums’ lithology and lithology characters, and intuitionisticly reflect stratums’ lithology combination and variational direction with multifarious symbols, curves and characters. They have important meaning for project’s programming, design and construction.
The method of drawing engineering geology histograms and profiles by hand transited to computer assist cartography gradually, because it not only takes too much time and hard sledding, but also the plot isn’t slinky and exact. At present, we use CAD technology to draw engineering geology histograms and profiles mainly. So, the software of engineering geology histograms and profiles are coded by the programming language based on CAD. Though automatization degree was advanced, it lacks the GIS functions. GIS was applied, on one hand, we can use GIS’ connatural character and make engineering geology histograms and profiles according to stratum’s distributing rule in room fleetly and conveniently, on the other hand, thanks to GIS, software system has particular predominance in plot and property.
Based on analyzing stratum’s distributing rule in vertical direction and data requirement, this thesis writer had designed geology database to manage geology data. The database advanced efficiency of data using and is convenient for inputting, adding, deleting, modifying and querying data. MapGIS is the modules’ secondary exploitation platform and Borland C++ Builder 6.0 is the modules’ programming language. The modules transfer MapGIS’ secondary exploitation components directly and let GIS software accomplish GIS’ functions. So, we needn’t exploit GIS’ basical functions. Thanks to above, programming exploitation’s difficulty was depressed. At the same time, based on analyzing stratums’ distributing rule in vertical direction, the writer summed up stratum’s combination style, customized profile
drawing rule, designed programming arithmetic modules, analyzed flow detailed and written engineering geology histograms and profiles’ auto-generating modules. Being validated by practical engineering geology data of Xi Ning, the software system runs steadily and generates plot rapidly, the result is exact, generating histograms and profiles are slinky and concordant.
通过手工绘制工程地质柱状图和剖面图,既费时费力,图件又不够美观,精确度也难以达到要求,这种方法已经逐渐被淘汰,为计算机辅助工程地质制图所取代,相应地也出现了不少相关的成图软件,对地质计算机成图工作的进步起到了极大的推动作用。目前,工程地质柱状图和剖面图主要采用 CAD 等工具结合一些编程语言进行绘制的方法,利用 CAD 等技术来生成工程地质柱状图和剖面图,虽然自动化程度提高,但缺少GIS 功能。而 GIS 技术在工程地质中的应用,一方面可以利用 GIS 固有的特点,根据地层的空间分布规律快速方便的自动生成工程地质柱状图和剖面图,另一方面,由于系统以 GIS 技术为支撑,它在图形与属性互查方面有独特的优势。
本论文在认真分析地层的垂向分布规律和数据需求的基础上,设计出地质数据库来管理地质成图数据,提高了地质数据的利用率,方便了地质数据的输入、增加、删除、修改和查询。成图模块以 MapGIS 作为二次开发平台,以 Borland C++ Builder 6.0 为程序开发语言,调用 MapGIS 提供的二次开发组件,让 GIS 软件去做 GIS 的事情,而无需进行 GIS 功能的底层开发,降低了程序开发的难度,减少了程序代码的编写量。同时,本文在分析地层垂向分布规律的基础上,抽象出地层的组合形式,定制了剖面图的生成规则,设计出了钻孔柱状图和剖面图生成算法,并进行了详细的流程分析,编写出了工程地质柱状图和剖面图的自动成图模块,经西宁地区的实际工程地质资料验证,系统运行稳定、成图速度快,输出结果准确,生成的图形美观、谐调。
Engineering geology histograms and profiles are basic plot in the engineering geology report. They express stratums’ lithology and lithology characters, and intuitionisticly reflect stratums’ lithology combination and variational direction with multifarious symbols, curves and characters. They have important meaning for project’s programming, design and construction.
The method of drawing engineering geology histograms and profiles by hand transited to computer assist cartography gradually, because it not only takes too much time and hard sledding, but also the plot isn’t slinky and exact. At present, we use CAD technology to draw engineering geology histograms and profiles mainly. So, the software of engineering geology histograms and profiles are coded by the programming language based on CAD. Though automatization degree was advanced, it lacks the GIS functions. GIS was applied, on one hand, we can use GIS’ connatural character and make engineering geology histograms and profiles according to stratum’s distributing rule in room fleetly and conveniently, on the other hand, thanks to GIS, software system has particular predominance in plot and property.
Based on analyzing stratum’s distributing rule in vertical direction and data requirement, this thesis writer had designed geology database to manage geology data. The database advanced efficiency of data using and is convenient for inputting, adding, deleting, modifying and querying data. MapGIS is the modules’ secondary exploitation platform and Borland C++ Builder 6.0 is the modules’ programming language. The modules transfer MapGIS’ secondary exploitation components directly and let GIS software accomplish GIS’ functions. So, we needn’t exploit GIS’ basical functions. Thanks to above, programming exploitation’s difficulty was depressed. At the same time, based on analyzing stratums’ distributing rule in vertical direction, the writer summed up stratum’s combination style, customized profile
drawing rule, designed programming arithmetic modules, analyzed flow detailed and written engineering geology histograms and profiles’ auto-generating modules. Being validated by practical engineering geology data of Xi Ning, the software system runs steadily and generates plot rapidly, the result is exact, generating histograms and profiles are slinky and concordant.
引文
[1] 张咸恭,李智毅等.专门工程地质学.北京:地质出版社,1986
[2] 解华明,陈守余.基于 MAPGIS 的钻孔柱状图绘制软件的编制.物探化探计算技术,2004,26(1):85～90
[3] 方志江,曲政.通用柱状图绘图软件系统的研究.中国矿业大学学报,1999,28(1):82～85
[4] 栾骏,唐新军等.工程地质勘察信息处理系统的设计与开发.新疆农业大学学报,2002,25(1):54～59
[5] 张长虹.工程地质勘察 CAD(GICAD)及其应用.黄金,2003,24(8):29～31
[6] 戴文晗,戴磊.D-GIS 三维地形分析系统.系统组成与功能简介.遥感信息,1999,1:42～44
[7] Mc Cormick BH, Defanti TA, Brown MD. Visualization in scientific computing. Computer Graphics987,21(6):1～14
[8] 汤华英,刘映.计算机辅助绘制工程地质剖面(CADP)软件的设计与实现.上海地质,1994,3:59～63
[9] 杨一鹏,王桥.基于知识的地质剖面图生成器研究和实现.地理信息科学,2004,20(5):24～27
[10] 郑红洁,吴名彬.工程地震钻孔柱状图的微机绘图系统.华南地震,1998,18(2):73～77 [11] 李树武.AutoCAD 在工程地质制图中的一些应用技巧.西北水电,2002,2:68～70
[12] 邢存恩,宋毅.采矿工程剖面图计算机生成方法探讨.煤炭学报,2002,25:34～38
[13] 楚王辉,黄地龙等.地质剖面图在计算机中的自动绘制.电脑与信息技术,2001,6:42～45
[14] 王东卫,史衍伟.谈 Auto LISP 在工程地质 CAD 方面的应用.西部探矿工程,2004,9:20～25
[15] 门桂珍,萨贤春,雷宝林.地质剖面图的计算机绘制技术.煤田地质与勘探,1995,1:34～37
[16] 王德筑.工程地质剖面图软件的开发与应用.工程地质计算机应用,2002,2:26～29
[17] 唐新军,严和平.利用 VB60 和 AutoCAD 处理工程图形.计算机应用,2002,1:104～106
[18] 赵震宇,刘国兴,于平.基于 MAPGIS 平台的中国地学断面数字化图形库的建立.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2002,3:299～303
[19] 李迎峰.地测 CAD 技术研究:[学位论文].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2003
[20] 刘光.地理信息系统-基础篇.北京:中国电力出版社,2003
[21] 陈练武.MAPGIS 在地质图件绘制中的应用.西安科技学院学报,2002,22(1):36～38
[22] 刘光.地理信息系统二次开发教程-组件篇.北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[23] 田丰,胡湘渝等.C++ Builder 60 COM 程序设计.北京:国防工业出版社,2003
[24] 楚王辉.基于组件技术的地质图形系统:[学位论文].成都:成都理工大学,2002
[25] 黄杏元,马劲松,汤勤.地理信息系统概论.北京:高等教育出版社,2001
[26] 余昌盛,汪晓平,权毓舒.C++ Builder 6 数据库系统开发实例导航.北京:人民邮电出版社,2003
[27] 王小华.C++ Builder 编程技巧、经验与实例.北京:人民邮电出版社,2004
[28] 梅成刚,马进德等.C++ Builder 项目开发实践.北京:中国铁道出版社,2003
[29] 胡波,张昆.C++ Builder 6 编程实例教程.北京:北京希望电子出版社,2002
[30] James R Groff, Paul N Weinberg. SQL: The Complete Reference. Publishing House of Electronic Industry, 2003
[31] 吴信才.MAPGIS 地理信息系统开发手册.武汉:中国地质大学信息工程学院,1998
[32] 吴信才.MAPGIS 组件开发手册.武汉:中国地质大学信息工程学院,2002
[33] 龚维荣.Delphi 与 COM 技术对 MAPGIS 地理矢量图操作的实现.计算机与现代化,2002,10:21～24
[34] 陆娟.基于组件式 GIS 的水文地质剖面图自动生成方法研究:[学位论文].南京:南京师范大学,2003
[35] 程展鹏.Borland C++ Builder 6 应用开发技术解析.北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[36] 李成.地质剖面图和柱状图的计算机自动生成技术:[学位论文].西安:西安科技大学,2003
[37] 吴信才.MAPGIS 操作手册.武汉:中国地质大学信息工程学院,2002
[38] Auerbach S, Schaeben H. Computeraided geometric design of geologic surfaces and bodies. Mathematical Geology, 1990; 22(8): 957～988
[39] Jonathan F Raper, David J Maguire. Design models and Functionality in GIS. Computers and Geosciences,1992;18(4): 387～394
[40] Andrew U frank. Spatical concepts, geometric data models and geometric data structures .Computers and Geosciences, 1992; 18(4):409～418
[41] Farin G. Curves and Surface for Computer Aided Geometric Design. A Practical Guide 3rd Edition Academic Press, 1993
[42] Scoff Morehouse. The ARC/INFO geographic information system. Computers and Geosciences,1992;18(4):435～442
[43] Foley J, Dam A V, Feiner S, Hughes J, Philips R. Computer Graphics; Principles and Practice 2nd Edition Addison-Wesley, 1990
[44] Voss R F. Random fractal forgeries In: Eamshaw R A, ed. Fundamental algorithms in computer graphics Berlin; Springer 1985805~835
[45] Michael F Geodchild. Geographical data modeling. Computers and Geosciences,1992;18(4):401～408
[46] Antoinette Sprenger and Warner G tenKate. A graphical software system to present stratigraphic information. Computers and Geosciences990; 16(4): 517-537
[47] Fisher MM, Peter Nijkemp. Geographics Information Systems. Spatial Modelling and Policy Evaluation, Springer-Verlag,Berlin, Heidelberg,1993
[2] 解华明,陈守余.基于 MAPGIS 的钻孔柱状图绘制软件的编制.物探化探计算技术,2004,26(1):85～90
[3] 方志江,曲政.通用柱状图绘图软件系统的研究.中国矿业大学学报,1999,28(1):82～85
[4] 栾骏,唐新军等.工程地质勘察信息处理系统的设计与开发.新疆农业大学学报,2002,25(1):54～59
[5] 张长虹.工程地质勘察 CAD(GICAD)及其应用.黄金,2003,24(8):29～31
[6] 戴文晗,戴磊.D-GIS 三维地形分析系统.系统组成与功能简介.遥感信息,1999,1:42～44
[7] Mc Cormick BH, Defanti TA, Brown MD. Visualization in scientific computing. Computer Graphics987,21(6):1～14
[8] 汤华英,刘映.计算机辅助绘制工程地质剖面(CADP)软件的设计与实现.上海地质,1994,3:59～63
[9] 杨一鹏,王桥.基于知识的地质剖面图生成器研究和实现.地理信息科学,2004,20(5):24～27
[10] 郑红洁,吴名彬.工程地震钻孔柱状图的微机绘图系统.华南地震,1998,18(2):73～77 [11] 李树武.AutoCAD 在工程地质制图中的一些应用技巧.西北水电,2002,2:68～70
[12] 邢存恩,宋毅.采矿工程剖面图计算机生成方法探讨.煤炭学报,2002,25:34～38
[13] 楚王辉,黄地龙等.地质剖面图在计算机中的自动绘制.电脑与信息技术,2001,6:42～45
[14] 王东卫,史衍伟.谈 Auto LISP 在工程地质 CAD 方面的应用.西部探矿工程,2004,9:20～25
[15] 门桂珍,萨贤春,雷宝林.地质剖面图的计算机绘制技术.煤田地质与勘探,1995,1:34～37
[16] 王德筑.工程地质剖面图软件的开发与应用.工程地质计算机应用,2002,2:26～29
[17] 唐新军,严和平.利用 VB60 和 AutoCAD 处理工程图形.计算机应用,2002,1:104～106
[18] 赵震宇,刘国兴,于平.基于 MAPGIS 平台的中国地学断面数字化图形库的建立.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2002,3:299～303
[19] 李迎峰.地测 CAD 技术研究:[学位论文].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2003
[20] 刘光.地理信息系统-基础篇.北京:中国电力出版社,2003
[21] 陈练武.MAPGIS 在地质图件绘制中的应用.西安科技学院学报,2002,22(1):36～38
[22] 刘光.地理信息系统二次开发教程-组件篇.北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[23] 田丰,胡湘渝等.C++ Builder 60 COM 程序设计.北京:国防工业出版社,2003
[24] 楚王辉.基于组件技术的地质图形系统:[学位论文].成都:成都理工大学,2002
[25] 黄杏元,马劲松,汤勤.地理信息系统概论.北京:高等教育出版社,2001
[26] 余昌盛,汪晓平,权毓舒.C++ Builder 6 数据库系统开发实例导航.北京:人民邮电出版社,2003
[27] 王小华.C++ Builder 编程技巧、经验与实例.北京:人民邮电出版社,2004
[28] 梅成刚,马进德等.C++ Builder 项目开发实践.北京:中国铁道出版社,2003
[29] 胡波,张昆.C++ Builder 6 编程实例教程.北京:北京希望电子出版社,2002
[30] James R Groff, Paul N Weinberg. SQL: The Complete Reference. Publishing House of Electronic Industry, 2003
[31] 吴信才.MAPGIS 地理信息系统开发手册.武汉:中国地质大学信息工程学院,1998
[32] 吴信才.MAPGIS 组件开发手册.武汉:中国地质大学信息工程学院,2002
[33] 龚维荣.Delphi 与 COM 技术对 MAPGIS 地理矢量图操作的实现.计算机与现代化,2002,10:21～24
[34] 陆娟.基于组件式 GIS 的水文地质剖面图自动生成方法研究:[学位论文].南京:南京师范大学,2003
[35] 程展鹏.Borland C++ Builder 6 应用开发技术解析.北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[36] 李成.地质剖面图和柱状图的计算机自动生成技术:[学位论文].西安:西安科技大学,2003
[37] 吴信才.MAPGIS 操作手册.武汉:中国地质大学信息工程学院,2002
[38] Auerbach S, Schaeben H. Computeraided geometric design of geologic surfaces and bodies. Mathematical Geology, 1990; 22(8): 957～988
[39] Jonathan F Raper, David J Maguire. Design models and Functionality in GIS. Computers and Geosciences,1992;18(4): 387～394
[40] Andrew U frank. Spatical concepts, geometric data models and geometric data structures .Computers and Geosciences, 1992; 18(4):409～418
[41] Farin G. Curves and Surface for Computer Aided Geometric Design. A Practical Guide 3rd Edition Academic Press, 1993
[42] Scoff Morehouse. The ARC/INFO geographic information system. Computers and Geosciences,1992;18(4):435～442
[43] Foley J, Dam A V, Feiner S, Hughes J, Philips R. Computer Graphics; Principles and Practice 2nd Edition Addison-Wesley, 1990
[44] Voss R F. Random fractal forgeries In: Eamshaw R A, ed. Fundamental algorithms in computer graphics Berlin; Springer 1985805~835
[45] Michael F Geodchild. Geographical data modeling. Computers and Geosciences,1992;18(4):401～408
[46] Antoinette Sprenger and Warner G tenKate. A graphical software system to present stratigraphic information. Computers and Geosciences990; 16(4): 517-537
[47] Fisher MM, Peter Nijkemp. Geographics Information Systems. Spatial Modelling and Policy Evaluation, Springer-Verlag,Berlin, Heidelberg,1993