下辽河平原耕地土壤有机碳时空变化及固碳潜力估算
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摘要
土壤碳库是全球碳循环的重要组成部分,在全球碳收支中占主导地位。与自然土壤比较,耕地土壤由于受到人类长期的干预,其与大气间的碳交换强度增大。尤其是在全球变暖受到关注的情况下,耕地土壤是碳“源”还是“汇”,已经成为当今土壤学领域的研究热点。本文在总结前人研究基础上,通过大量历史资料和试验数据的整理分析,利用GIS技术研究了我省重要流域——下辽河平原区土壤有机碳的时空变化、储量及固碳潜力,为提高耕地碳储量和土壤有机质提升目标等方面提供依据。研究获得以下主要结果。
(1)1980年以来,下辽河平原耕地土壤有机碳含量总体呈下降趋势,空间分布差异逐渐减小。2010年耕地土壤有机碳平均含量比1980年低5.05%。从土壤有机碳含量空间分布的变化看,呈南部增加、北部降低的趋势。1980年与2010年土壤有机碳均属中等空间自相关,分析两期的变程数据,30年来其分布的均一性减弱,在小范围内的变异加强,整体分布趋向复杂。
(2)下辽河平原土地利用方式(旱田和水田)和年降水量是影响土壤碳变化的主要因素,旱田促使有机碳含量降低,水田促进了该区域土壤有机碳含量的提高。
(3)20世纪80年代初,下辽河平原耕层土壤有机碳密度平均为2.72kg m-2,空间分布上表现为由东南向西北降低的趋势；2010年有机碳密度平均为2.70kg m-2,空间上无明显差异性,地区间差异较小。1980年耕地耕层有机碳库总量为67.24Tg,2010年则为66.53Tg,总体上减少了0.71Tg。
(4)利用1980年第二次土壤普查数据和2010年耕地地力评价数据,结合近30年来的调查研究资料和田间试验数据,建立该地区耕地土壤固碳潜力模型。预测该地区土壤固碳潜力(饱和碳密度)为4.95kg m-2,其空间分异明显,整体表现为东部高西部低、北部高南部低；根据最新土壤调查数据所建立的模型进行估算,该区域潜在耕地土壤碳汇密度增加值为2.25kg m-2,可增加耕地土壤固碳量为57.52Tg。
Soil carbon pool is an important part of the global carbon cycle and can affect the global carbon balance. Compared with natural soil, the strength of the carbon exchange between cultivated land and atmosphere is increased due to human intervention. The research on soil carbon source and sink has become the hot topic in soil science. There are a lot of cultived land in lower reaches of Liaohe river plain and have played a key role in the carbon cycle in the Northeast of China. So the spatial and temporal variations of soil organic carbon (SOC), stock and carbon sequestration potential have been studied by using GIS technique. The main results obtained from the research are as following:
(1) The SOC contents in farmland here were declined since1980. The differences of spatial distribution decreased gradually. SOC content in farmland in2010was5.05%lower than that in1980. From the changes in spatial distribution, the SOC contents appeared to increase in the south and decrease in the north. From a statistical point of view, SOC was medium spatial autocorrelation in1980and2010. The ranges of variations and the uniformity of SOC in the two periods were declined, but strengthened in a small range. The overall distribution inclined to be complexity in the past30years.
(2) The land utilization type (dryland and paddy field) and the annual precipitation are the main factors influencing the changes of SOC. The SOC content reduced in dryland and increased in paddy field.
(3) In the early1980s, the average SOC density in arable layer (0-20cm) was2.72kg m-2, which shows the trend of reducing from southeast to northwest in the spatial distribution; In2010the average SOC density was2.70kg m-2, which has no obvious difference in the spatial distribution. The SOC stock of arable layer in this area in1980was67.24Tg and66.53Tg in2010, with a decrease of0.71Tg.
(4) The models of SOC sequestration potential in farmland here were established combining with the survey data and the field test data in past30years. The SOC sequestration potential (saturation) was predicated to reach4.95kg m-2, with an obvious spatial differentiation. According to the models established by latest survey data, the added value of density of SOC sequestration potential will be2.25kg m-2and SOC stock will be57.52Tg in farmland.
(1)1980年以来,下辽河平原耕地土壤有机碳含量总体呈下降趋势,空间分布差异逐渐减小。2010年耕地土壤有机碳平均含量比1980年低5.05%。从土壤有机碳含量空间分布的变化看,呈南部增加、北部降低的趋势。1980年与2010年土壤有机碳均属中等空间自相关,分析两期的变程数据,30年来其分布的均一性减弱,在小范围内的变异加强,整体分布趋向复杂。
(2)下辽河平原土地利用方式(旱田和水田)和年降水量是影响土壤碳变化的主要因素,旱田促使有机碳含量降低,水田促进了该区域土壤有机碳含量的提高。
(3)20世纪80年代初,下辽河平原耕层土壤有机碳密度平均为2.72kg m-2,空间分布上表现为由东南向西北降低的趋势；2010年有机碳密度平均为2.70kg m-2,空间上无明显差异性,地区间差异较小。1980年耕地耕层有机碳库总量为67.24Tg,2010年则为66.53Tg,总体上减少了0.71Tg。
(4)利用1980年第二次土壤普查数据和2010年耕地地力评价数据,结合近30年来的调查研究资料和田间试验数据,建立该地区耕地土壤固碳潜力模型。预测该地区土壤固碳潜力(饱和碳密度)为4.95kg m-2,其空间分异明显,整体表现为东部高西部低、北部高南部低；根据最新土壤调查数据所建立的模型进行估算,该区域潜在耕地土壤碳汇密度增加值为2.25kg m-2,可增加耕地土壤固碳量为57.52Tg。
Soil carbon pool is an important part of the global carbon cycle and can affect the global carbon balance. Compared with natural soil, the strength of the carbon exchange between cultivated land and atmosphere is increased due to human intervention. The research on soil carbon source and sink has become the hot topic in soil science. There are a lot of cultived land in lower reaches of Liaohe river plain and have played a key role in the carbon cycle in the Northeast of China. So the spatial and temporal variations of soil organic carbon (SOC), stock and carbon sequestration potential have been studied by using GIS technique. The main results obtained from the research are as following:
(1) The SOC contents in farmland here were declined since1980. The differences of spatial distribution decreased gradually. SOC content in farmland in2010was5.05%lower than that in1980. From the changes in spatial distribution, the SOC contents appeared to increase in the south and decrease in the north. From a statistical point of view, SOC was medium spatial autocorrelation in1980and2010. The ranges of variations and the uniformity of SOC in the two periods were declined, but strengthened in a small range. The overall distribution inclined to be complexity in the past30years.
(2) The land utilization type (dryland and paddy field) and the annual precipitation are the main factors influencing the changes of SOC. The SOC content reduced in dryland and increased in paddy field.
(3) In the early1980s, the average SOC density in arable layer (0-20cm) was2.72kg m-2, which shows the trend of reducing from southeast to northwest in the spatial distribution; In2010the average SOC density was2.70kg m-2, which has no obvious difference in the spatial distribution. The SOC stock of arable layer in this area in1980was67.24Tg and66.53Tg in2010, with a decrease of0.71Tg.
(4) The models of SOC sequestration potential in farmland here were established combining with the survey data and the field test data in past30years. The SOC sequestration potential (saturation) was predicated to reach4.95kg m-2, with an obvious spatial differentiation. According to the models established by latest survey data, the added value of density of SOC sequestration potential will be2.25kg m-2and SOC stock will be57.52Tg in farmland.
引文
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