高速无线局域网的研究
摘要
无线局域网是融合无线通信技术和计算机网络技术一种新兴网络通信技术。本文首先从技术上论述了802.11协议介质访问控制(MAC)层结构与规范，研究了IEEE 802.11体系高速无线局域网络的标准、配置和组成等问题。接着在详细阐述了802.11b协议核心调制技术—互补码键控(CCK)的原理的基础上，本文提出并实现了一种峰值传输速率为11Mbps的802.11b PCMCIA高速无线网卡的硬件电路设计方案，在2.4GHz频段该网卡可在14个工作信道上自动切换，实现高速突发数据的可靠传输。另外本文还对最高传输速率为54Mbps的802.11a高速无线局域网系统进行了探索性研究，讨论了OFDM调制技术在无线局域网中的应用；结合802.11a物理层数据帧结构特点，提出了一种基于前导训练符号序列的频域自相关时间和频率同步方法，此方法具有定时精度高、频偏估计范围宽和同步建立迅速等特点，也适合于其它帧通信应用场合。最后给出了一个完整802.11a无线局域网收发系统的结构框图，并对它进行了计算机仿真。
Wireless LAN is a new network communication technology that has integrated modern wireless and computer network communication technology. On the technology point of view, this paper discusses the framework and operation of 802.11 MAC layer, and studies the specification, configuration, and structure of an 802.11 system high speed WLAN. After elaborating the principle of an 802.lib key modulation scheme - Complementary Code keying (CCK), this paper proposes and realizes a hardware circuit solution of 802.11b PCMCIA WLAN interface card, which can reliably offer a maximal 11Mbps data rate and freely switch within 14 working channels in 2.4GHz frequency band. Furthermore, this paper exploringly studies an 802.1 la high-speed WLAN with the 54Mbps data rate, and presents a sort of time synchronization and frequency offset estimation method based on the frequency domain auto-correlation of the unique preamble training sequence of 802.11 PLCP frame; the method have the high time precision, the wide frequency estimat
ion range and short convergence process; and moreover, it can applied to other frame communication system. In the end, the paper presents the architecture figure of 802.1 la WLAN transceiver, and implements a computer simulation scheme via ADS simulation software.
Wireless LAN is a new network communication technology that has integrated modern wireless and computer network communication technology. On the technology point of view, this paper discusses the framework and operation of 802.11 MAC layer, and studies the specification, configuration, and structure of an 802.11 system high speed WLAN. After elaborating the principle of an 802.lib key modulation scheme - Complementary Code keying (CCK), this paper proposes and realizes a hardware circuit solution of 802.11b PCMCIA WLAN interface card, which can reliably offer a maximal 11Mbps data rate and freely switch within 14 working channels in 2.4GHz frequency band. Furthermore, this paper exploringly studies an 802.1 la high-speed WLAN with the 54Mbps data rate, and presents a sort of time synchronization and frequency offset estimation method based on the frequency domain auto-correlation of the unique preamble training sequence of 802.11 PLCP frame; the method have the high time precision, the wide frequency estimat
ion range and short convergence process; and moreover, it can applied to other frame communication system. In the end, the paper presents the architecture figure of 802.1 la WLAN transceiver, and implements a computer simulation scheme via ADS simulation software.
引文
1. IEEE Std.802.11. "Wireless LAN Medium Access Control(MAC) and Physical Layer(PHY) specifications", November 1997
2. IEEE Std.802.11b. "Wireless LAN Medium Access Control(MAC) and Physical Layer(PHY) specifications: Higher-Speed Physical Layer Extension in the 2.4GHz Band", September 1999
3. IEEE Std.802.11a. "Wireless LAN Medium Access Control(MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications: Higher-Speed Physical Layer Extension in the 5GHz Band", December 1999
4．陈思，802．11a和802．11g崭露头角，北京：中国计算机报 2001．11．7
5．郭峰 曾兴雯 刘乃安 马义广 编著，无线局域网，北京：电子工业出版社，1997
6．美国讯宝公司网站：http://www.symbol-china.com/product/index.htm
7．Jim Geier著，无线局域网，北京：人民邮电出版社 2001
8．曹志刚 钱亚生 著，现代通信原理，北京：清华大学出版社 1992
9．肖国镇 梁传甲 王育民著，伪随机码序列及其应用，北京：国防工业出版社 1985
10. A.W.Rinzak R.M.Golden, "Range sidelobe suppression for Barker Codes", IEEE Trans, Vol.AES-7, pp.1087-1092, Nov.1971
11. Golay M.J.E., "Static Multislit Spectrometry and it's Application to the Panoramic Display of Infrared Spectra", J.Opt.Soc.Arn, Vol.41, No.7, pp.468-472, July. 1951
12. Golay, M.J.E., "Complementary Series", IRE Trans on Information Theory, April 1961, pp. 82-87.
13. Tseng C.C. and Liu C.L., "Complementary Sets of Sequences", IEEE Trans on Information Theory, vol. IT-18, No.5, September 1972
14. Sivaswamy R., "Multiphase Complementary Codes", IEEE Trans on Information Theory, vol. IT-24, No.5, pp.546-552, September 1978
15. Frank Robert L., "Polyphase Complementary Codes", IEEE Trans on Information Theory, November 1980
16. Bob Pearson, "Complementary Code Keying Made Simple", http://www.intersil.corn/data/an/an9/an9850/an9850.pdf
17．张贤达 保铮 通信信号处理 北京：国防工业出版社，2000
18．吴湘淇 聂涛 数字信号处理技术及应用 北京：中国铁道出版社，1986
19. Intersil FN4839.2(HFA3842DATASHEET), Intersil Corporation, February 2001
20. Intersil FN4856(HFA3861B DATA SHEET), Intersil Corporation, January 2000
21. Intersil FN4633.3(HFA3783 DATA SHEET), Intersil Corporation, November 2000
22. Intersil FN4634.6(HFA3683 DATA SHEET), Intersil Corporation, September 2000
23. Intersil FN4635.4(HFA3983 DATA SHEET), Intersil Corporation, Martch 2000
24．黄振海 李建东 刘乃安 郭宏，“宽带无线网卡的研究和实现”，西安电子科技大学学报(自然科学版)，2002．8，Vol 29(4)，pp 434-438
25. Harmuth H F, "On the Transmission of information by Orthogonal Time Function", AIEE Trans., pt. 1 (Communication and Electronics), 1960(7): 248-255
26. Robert W Chang, "Synthesis of Band-limited Orthogonal Signals for Multichannel Data Transmission". B ST J, 1966(12): 1775-1796
27. Robert W Chang, Richard A Gibby,"A Theoretical Study of Performance of an Orthogonal Multiplexing Data Transmission Scheme", IEEE Trans. Commun. Tech.., Vol Com-16, No.4, 1968(8): 529-540
28. Weinstein S B, Paul M Ebert, "Data Transmission by Frequency-Division Multiplexing Using the Discrete Fourier Transform",IEEE Trans, Commun Tech, Vol.Com-19, No.5, 1971(10):628-634
29．刘元安等，宽带无线接入和无线局域网，北京：北京邮电大学出版社，2000
30．John G．Proaki s著 张力军等译，数字通信(第三版)，北京：电子工业出版社，2001
31. Richard van Nee, "A New OFDM Standard For High Rate Wireless Lan In the 5 GHz Band", IEEE VTC'99, Vol. 1: 258-262,1999
32. F. Classen, H. Meyr, "Frequency Synchronization algorithms for OFDM Systems suitable for communication over frequency-slective fading Channel", Proc. IEEE VTC, Stockholm Sweden, June 1994, Vol 3:1655-1659
33. T. M. Schmidl, D. C. Cox, "Robust Frequency and Timing Synchronication for OFDM", IEEE Trans, Commun. Tech, 1997, 45(12): 1613-1621
34．傅延增，张海林，王育民，“正交频分复用的符号同步技术”，西安电子科技大学学报(自然科学版)，Jun．2000，Vol．27(3)：335-339
35．阮象华，徐德军，“OFDM系统中定时偏移的估计技术”，电视技术，2001年第11期总第233期：29-31
36．周一青，胡爱群，“利用训练帧进行OFDM系统同步的新算法”，通信学报，
Apri 1 2001，Vol．22(4)：13-18
37．吴俊，王艺，吴伟陵，“多载波系统中帧同步和载波同步的最大似然算法”，电子学报，Nov．1999，Vol．27(11A)：119-121
38．束锋，刘毅峰，罗琳，吴乐南，“正交频分复用通信系统的联合同步算法”，应用科学学报，Dec．2001，Vol．19(4)：327～332
39．赵亚红，吴伟陵，“基于OFDM的高速无线局域网标准IEEE 802.11a的同步和信道估计方法”，电视技术，2001年第3期：102-105
40．徐发强，益晓新，“无线OFDM系统中基于导频的信道估计器的比较分析”，通信学报，May．2001，Vol．22(5)：17-23
41. Edfors O, Sandell M, "OFDM Channel Estimation by Singular Value Decomposition"[J], IEEE Trans on Comm, 1998,46(7): 931-939
42. R.H.Clarke, "A Statiscal Theory of mobile-radio reception", Bell Syst.Tech.J: 957-1000,July-Aug. 1968
43. W.C.Jakes, Microwave Mobile Communication, Piscataway,NJ:IEEE Press,1994
44. Chengshan Xiao,Yahong R. Zheng, Norman C. Beaulieu, "Second-order Statistical Properties of the WSS Jakes'Fading Channel Simulator", IEEE Trans on Comm,Vol.50(6):888-891,June 2002
45．邓军华，郑建宏，“移动衰落信道确定性的仿真模型”，重庆邮电学院学报，Vol．13(4)，Dec．2001
46. Saleh, A.A.M. and Valenzuela, R.A., "A Statistical Model for Indoor Multipath Propagation", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, vol. JSAC-5, no.2, pp. 128-137, February 1987.
47. Richard van Nee, "Delay Spread Requirements for Wireless Networks in the 2.4GHz and 5GHz Bands", IEEE P802.11-97/125.
48．Theodore S．Rappaport 著 蔡涛 李旭 杜振民 译，无线通信原理与应用，北京：电子工业出版社，1999
49．汪荣鑫，随机过程，西安：西安交通大学出版社，1987
50．伯晓晨，李涛，刘路，Matlab工具箱应用指南—信息工程篇，北京：电子工业出版社，2000
2. IEEE Std.802.11b. "Wireless LAN Medium Access Control(MAC) and Physical Layer(PHY) specifications: Higher-Speed Physical Layer Extension in the 2.4GHz Band", September 1999
3. IEEE Std.802.11a. "Wireless LAN Medium Access Control(MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications: Higher-Speed Physical Layer Extension in the 5GHz Band", December 1999
4．陈思，802．11a和802．11g崭露头角，北京：中国计算机报 2001．11．7
5．郭峰 曾兴雯 刘乃安 马义广 编著，无线局域网，北京：电子工业出版社，1997
6．美国讯宝公司网站：http://www.symbol-china.com/product/index.htm
7．Jim Geier著，无线局域网，北京：人民邮电出版社 2001
8．曹志刚 钱亚生 著，现代通信原理，北京：清华大学出版社 1992
9．肖国镇 梁传甲 王育民著，伪随机码序列及其应用，北京：国防工业出版社 1985
10. A.W.Rinzak R.M.Golden, "Range sidelobe suppression for Barker Codes", IEEE Trans, Vol.AES-7, pp.1087-1092, Nov.1971
11. Golay M.J.E., "Static Multislit Spectrometry and it's Application to the Panoramic Display of Infrared Spectra", J.Opt.Soc.Arn, Vol.41, No.7, pp.468-472, July. 1951
12. Golay, M.J.E., "Complementary Series", IRE Trans on Information Theory, April 1961, pp. 82-87.
13. Tseng C.C. and Liu C.L., "Complementary Sets of Sequences", IEEE Trans on Information Theory, vol. IT-18, No.5, September 1972
14. Sivaswamy R., "Multiphase Complementary Codes", IEEE Trans on Information Theory, vol. IT-24, No.5, pp.546-552, September 1978
15. Frank Robert L., "Polyphase Complementary Codes", IEEE Trans on Information Theory, November 1980
16. Bob Pearson, "Complementary Code Keying Made Simple", http://www.intersil.corn/data/an/an9/an9850/an9850.pdf
17．张贤达 保铮 通信信号处理 北京：国防工业出版社，2000
18．吴湘淇 聂涛 数字信号处理技术及应用 北京：中国铁道出版社，1986
19. Intersil FN4839.2(HFA3842DATASHEET), Intersil Corporation, February 2001
20. Intersil FN4856(HFA3861B DATA SHEET), Intersil Corporation, January 2000
21. Intersil FN4633.3(HFA3783 DATA SHEET), Intersil Corporation, November 2000
22. Intersil FN4634.6(HFA3683 DATA SHEET), Intersil Corporation, September 2000
23. Intersil FN4635.4(HFA3983 DATA SHEET), Intersil Corporation, Martch 2000
24．黄振海 李建东 刘乃安 郭宏，“宽带无线网卡的研究和实现”，西安电子科技大学学报(自然科学版)，2002．8，Vol 29(4)，pp 434-438
25. Harmuth H F, "On the Transmission of information by Orthogonal Time Function", AIEE Trans., pt. 1 (Communication and Electronics), 1960(7): 248-255
26. Robert W Chang, "Synthesis of Band-limited Orthogonal Signals for Multichannel Data Transmission". B ST J, 1966(12): 1775-1796
27. Robert W Chang, Richard A Gibby,"A Theoretical Study of Performance of an Orthogonal Multiplexing Data Transmission Scheme", IEEE Trans. Commun. Tech.., Vol Com-16, No.4, 1968(8): 529-540
28. Weinstein S B, Paul M Ebert, "Data Transmission by Frequency-Division Multiplexing Using the Discrete Fourier Transform",IEEE Trans, Commun Tech, Vol.Com-19, No.5, 1971(10):628-634
29．刘元安等，宽带无线接入和无线局域网，北京：北京邮电大学出版社，2000
30．John G．Proaki s著 张力军等译，数字通信(第三版)，北京：电子工业出版社，2001
31. Richard van Nee, "A New OFDM Standard For High Rate Wireless Lan In the 5 GHz Band", IEEE VTC'99, Vol. 1: 258-262,1999
32. F. Classen, H. Meyr, "Frequency Synchronization algorithms for OFDM Systems suitable for communication over frequency-slective fading Channel", Proc. IEEE VTC, Stockholm Sweden, June 1994, Vol 3:1655-1659
33. T. M. Schmidl, D. C. Cox, "Robust Frequency and Timing Synchronication for OFDM", IEEE Trans, Commun. Tech, 1997, 45(12): 1613-1621
34．傅延增，张海林，王育民，“正交频分复用的符号同步技术”，西安电子科技大学学报(自然科学版)，Jun．2000，Vol．27(3)：335-339
35．阮象华，徐德军，“OFDM系统中定时偏移的估计技术”，电视技术，2001年第11期总第233期：29-31
36．周一青，胡爱群，“利用训练帧进行OFDM系统同步的新算法”，通信学报，
Apri 1 2001，Vol．22(4)：13-18
37．吴俊，王艺，吴伟陵，“多载波系统中帧同步和载波同步的最大似然算法”，电子学报，Nov．1999，Vol．27(11A)：119-121
38．束锋，刘毅峰，罗琳，吴乐南，“正交频分复用通信系统的联合同步算法”，应用科学学报，Dec．2001，Vol．19(4)：327～332
39．赵亚红，吴伟陵，“基于OFDM的高速无线局域网标准IEEE 802.11a的同步和信道估计方法”，电视技术，2001年第3期：102-105
40．徐发强，益晓新，“无线OFDM系统中基于导频的信道估计器的比较分析”，通信学报，May．2001，Vol．22(5)：17-23
41. Edfors O, Sandell M, "OFDM Channel Estimation by Singular Value Decomposition"[J], IEEE Trans on Comm, 1998,46(7): 931-939
42. R.H.Clarke, "A Statiscal Theory of mobile-radio reception", Bell Syst.Tech.J: 957-1000,July-Aug. 1968
43. W.C.Jakes, Microwave Mobile Communication, Piscataway,NJ:IEEE Press,1994
44. Chengshan Xiao,Yahong R. Zheng, Norman C. Beaulieu, "Second-order Statistical Properties of the WSS Jakes'Fading Channel Simulator", IEEE Trans on Comm,Vol.50(6):888-891,June 2002
45．邓军华，郑建宏，“移动衰落信道确定性的仿真模型”，重庆邮电学院学报，Vol．13(4)，Dec．2001
46. Saleh, A.A.M. and Valenzuela, R.A., "A Statistical Model for Indoor Multipath Propagation", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, vol. JSAC-5, no.2, pp. 128-137, February 1987.
47. Richard van Nee, "Delay Spread Requirements for Wireless Networks in the 2.4GHz and 5GHz Bands", IEEE P802.11-97/125.
48．Theodore S．Rappaport 著 蔡涛 李旭 杜振民 译，无线通信原理与应用，北京：电子工业出版社，1999
49．汪荣鑫，随机过程，西安：西安交通大学出版社，1987
50．伯晓晨，李涛，刘路，Matlab工具箱应用指南—信息工程篇，北京：电子工业出版社，2000