电力线扩频载波数据通信系统的设计
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摘要
大型、重要电器设备的网络化管理是网络技术的新领域，如何有效地实现电器设备与网络之间的通信是这一领域的热点。电力线载波通信以电力线为载体，与其它通信方式比较有着特殊的优势。传统的电力线载波通信在通信质量上的缺陷使其不能适应电力发展对通信的要求。许多新的通信手段，如微波、光纤等，虽然性能优越，但投资巨大、建设周期长。若能将扩频技术用于电力线，提高电力线载波通信质量，使现有电力线资源物尽其用，从而寻求到一种高性价比的电力系统通信方案，这便能很好的解决电力系统中的信道紧缺问题，带来直接而客观的社会经济效益。本科研项目便是基于这一出发点，开发能实现在电力线上传输数据的扩频数字传输系统。
本设计选择采用的扩频技术为直接序列扩频技术，它解决了信号在电力线这样恶劣的通信环境中的传输问题；选择采用窄带干扰自适应抑制技术，该算法速度快、噪声和干扰抑制能力强，从而克服电力线的恶劣环境对接收信号的影响。
本文首先就设计中选择采用的直接序列扩频技术、以及在频域中实现直序扩频信号中多窄带干扰抑制的自适应算法的基本原理做了分析。随后详细论述了系统的硬件设计和软件开发。其中硬件设计包括PL2101电力线节点、窄带干扰自适应抑制系统的实现。软件开发包括单片机汇编程序的编写和PC机与单片机通信程序的编写。最后，对该系统进行了调试和性能分析。调试结果说明，本系统性能优越、性价比高，可用于通信可靠性要求较高的场合，如电网自动化、配网自动化以及自动抄表系统等。
The administer of big model and important electrical equipment in network is the new field of network technique . How to realize effectually the communication between electrical equipment and network is a focus of this field . Traditional power line carrier communication has some shortcomings on communication quality, which let it doesn't adapt to the dement of the power developing. Although many new communications means, such as microwave, optical fiber, etc, perform satisfactorily, the investment is tremendous and the construction period is long. If we can apply the spread spectrum technique on power line, improve the quality of the power line carrier communication, make the better use of the existing power line resource, then we can resolve the channel-lacking problem and bring direct and considerable social economic benefit. This scientific research project bases on this starting point, develops the spread spectrum digital transmission system which can accomplish the digital transmission on power line.
The design select the direct sequence spread spectrum technology, which resolve the problem of the signal transmission in such adverse communication circumstances as power line; select the spectrum domain adaptive filtering technology, which has characteristics of high speed and powerful rejection for noise and interference.
The paper firstly analyses the fundamental principles of the direct sequence spread spectrum technique, the arithmetic in the frequency-domain by using the technology of the spectrum correlation adaptive filter. Secondly, the hardware design
and the software development are thoroughly discussed. The hardware design includes PL2101 power line node, realization of narrow-band interferences in direct sequence spread spectrum signal using frequency-domain algorithm. The software development comprises the compile of the microcontroller's assembly program and the compile of the communication program between the computer and the microcontroller. At last, the debugging and the performance analysis are conducted. The results show this digital transmission system performs superiority, pays cheaply. It can be used on the occasion of data transmission rate moderate , communication reliability demand high, such as power network automation distribution network automation and remote automatic metering system and so on.
本设计选择采用的扩频技术为直接序列扩频技术，它解决了信号在电力线这样恶劣的通信环境中的传输问题；选择采用窄带干扰自适应抑制技术，该算法速度快、噪声和干扰抑制能力强，从而克服电力线的恶劣环境对接收信号的影响。
本文首先就设计中选择采用的直接序列扩频技术、以及在频域中实现直序扩频信号中多窄带干扰抑制的自适应算法的基本原理做了分析。随后详细论述了系统的硬件设计和软件开发。其中硬件设计包括PL2101电力线节点、窄带干扰自适应抑制系统的实现。软件开发包括单片机汇编程序的编写和PC机与单片机通信程序的编写。最后，对该系统进行了调试和性能分析。调试结果说明，本系统性能优越、性价比高，可用于通信可靠性要求较高的场合，如电网自动化、配网自动化以及自动抄表系统等。
The administer of big model and important electrical equipment in network is the new field of network technique . How to realize effectually the communication between electrical equipment and network is a focus of this field . Traditional power line carrier communication has some shortcomings on communication quality, which let it doesn't adapt to the dement of the power developing. Although many new communications means, such as microwave, optical fiber, etc, perform satisfactorily, the investment is tremendous and the construction period is long. If we can apply the spread spectrum technique on power line, improve the quality of the power line carrier communication, make the better use of the existing power line resource, then we can resolve the channel-lacking problem and bring direct and considerable social economic benefit. This scientific research project bases on this starting point, develops the spread spectrum digital transmission system which can accomplish the digital transmission on power line.
The design select the direct sequence spread spectrum technology, which resolve the problem of the signal transmission in such adverse communication circumstances as power line; select the spectrum domain adaptive filtering technology, which has characteristics of high speed and powerful rejection for noise and interference.
The paper firstly analyses the fundamental principles of the direct sequence spread spectrum technique, the arithmetic in the frequency-domain by using the technology of the spectrum correlation adaptive filter. Secondly, the hardware design
and the software development are thoroughly discussed. The hardware design includes PL2101 power line node, realization of narrow-band interferences in direct sequence spread spectrum signal using frequency-domain algorithm. The software development comprises the compile of the microcontroller's assembly program and the compile of the communication program between the computer and the microcontroller. At last, the debugging and the performance analysis are conducted. The results show this digital transmission system performs superiority, pays cheaply. It can be used on the occasion of data transmission rate moderate , communication reliability demand high, such as power network automation distribution network automation and remote automatic metering system and so on.
引文
1．朱近康编．扩展频谱通信及其应用．中国科学技术大学出版社．1995．
2. Homes J. k, Co. Coherent Spread Spectrum. 1982.
3. Pickholtz R. A, The origins of spread spectrum communications. IEEE Trans. Communication, 1982, COM-30 (5).
4．肖国镇，梁传甲，王育民编．伪随机序列及其应用．国防工业出版社．1985．
5．朱近康著．扩展频谱通信技术的应用和发展．国际电子报．1989(1)：23．
6．丘玉春，徐平平著．电力载波中扩频技术的应用．现代通信1999(5)：5．
7．陈正实著．扩频技术在电力线载波通信中的应用分析．电力系统通信．1998(1)：10～13．
8．李祥珍，张悒著．扩频通信在电力系统应用中的性能分析．电力系统通信．2000(2)：27～29．
9．陈显治编．现代通信技术．电子工业出版社．2001．
10．张树京主编．通信系统原理．中国铁道出版社．1997．
11．上海市教育委员会组编．数字信号处理—原理与实现．上海交通大学出版社．2002．
12．徐定策编．数字信号处理的基本方法．成都科技大学出版社．1990．
13．[美]维德罗．B．自适应信号处理．四川大学出版社．1989．
14．张嵌华 林萍编．滤波技术．人民邮电出版社．1994．
15．邓海洋，魏丰，熊敏著．利用扩频载波技术实现电力数据通信[J]．电力系统通信，2000(1)：38～40．
16. Fernando A Cardoso, Jorge P Ferreira, Luis S Silva, Jose B Gerald. Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum Communication System over the Power Line[c]. ICICS'97, Singapore,9～12 Sept. 1997.
17．赵洪山著．用低压电力线扩频载波技术实现电能自动抄表[J]．电工技术杂志，2001(10)：8～9．
18．华云，龚耀寰，李红霞著．直扩信号中多窄带干扰自适应抑制的频域算法及系统实现[J]．信号处理，2002，18(1)：16～19．
19．唐瑜著．扩频通信中稳健自适应抗干扰技术的研究[J]．通信学报，1998，19(7)：36～43．
20．胡爱群，雷静著．扩频通信中大功率窄带干扰抑制的一种频域自适应算法[J]．东南大学学报，1999，29(4)：52～56．
21．陈尚勤，李晓峰编．快速自适应信息处理[M]．人民邮电出版社，1993．
22. Gardner W A. Statistical Spectral Analysis: A Nonprobabilistic Theory[M]. Englewood Cliffs: prentice Hall, 1987.
23. Reed J H, Quilici a a, Hsia T C. A Frequency Domain Time-Dependent Adaptive Filter for Interference Rejection[A]. IEEE Military Communication Conf[C]. 1988.391～397.
24．李军著．扩频信号谱相关自适应滤波技术研究[D]．西安电子科技大学，1995．
25．电力线扩频通信芯片PL2101用户手册．2002．
26. Hsu M, Giordano A A. Digital Whitening Techniques for Improving Spread Spectrum Communications Performance in the Presence of Narrowband Jamming &Interference. IEEE Trans on Commun, 1978,Com-26(2):209～216.
27. Marsy. Closed Form Analytical Results for the Rejection of Narrowband Interference in PN Sread Spectrum System. IEEE Trans on Commun, 1984, Com-30(8): 10～19.
28. Milstein. Adaptive Algorithms for Estimating & Suppressing Narrowband Interference in PN Spread Spectrum System. IEEE Trans on Commun, 1982, Com-30(5): 913～924.
29. Wenrong Wu. New Nonlinear Algorithms for Estimating & Suppressing Narrowband Interference in DS Spread Spectrum Systems. IEEE Trans on Commun, 1996, Com-44(4): 508～515.
30．仇佩亮著．扩频通信中干扰抑制的自适应非线性滤波技术．通信学报，1995，16(3)：22～26．
31．王福生，鲁昆生编．锁相技术．华中理工大学出版社1996．
32．林海，尹雪曼，周宇松著．锁相环的快速锁定模式分析．电信技术研究2002(1)：6～9．
33．何立民编．MCS—51系列单片机应用系统设计系统配置宇接口技术．北京航天大学出版社1998．
34．余锡存，曹国华编．单片机原理级接口技术．西安电子科技大学出版社．2002．
35．李东生，张勇，许四毛编．Protel 99SE电路设计技术入门与应用．电子工业出版社．2002．
36．薛约义，张彦斌编．MCS—51系列单片微型计算机及其应用．西安交通大学出版社．1997．
37．赵训威编．基于7MS320C6200系列DSP芯片的应用与开发．人民邮电出版社．2002．
38. AT89C2051 8-bit Microcontroller with 2k Bytes Flash. Atmel Corporation Technical Data Sheet. February 2000.
39．丁玉美等编．数字信号处理．西安电子科技大学出版社．1995．
40．田远福编．电信网络．成都科技大学出版社．1991．
41．Les Free．陈爱民等译．微机通信指南．电子工业出版社．1993．
42．钱寿宇，杜斌编著．微机通信技术．电子科技大学出版社．1995．
43．范逸之，陈莉元编著．Visual Basic与RS-232串行通信控制．清华大学出版社．2002．
44．[美]Peter W．Gofton著，王仲文，薛荣华，巴雪静译．精通串行通信．电子工业出版社．1995．
45．牛洪涛著．RS-232电平与了TL电平之间的转换．硬件世界．2000(1)：39～41．
46．张士文著．低压电力线通信技术综述．华北电力技术．2001(1)：27～43．
47．俞庆著．低压电力线载波通信技术的研究级应用．电力系统通信．2002(1)：17～21．
48．盛朝阳，郑善贤，黄颖华著．一种新型的电力线扩频MODEM．东北电力技术．2001(1)：25～27．
49．周永勤，李景男等著．基于PL2000模块的电力线扩频载波数据通信系统．哈尔滨理工大学学报．2001[6](4)：92～95．
50．蒋维玉著．用单片机的串口实现异步双机通信．实验室研究与探索．2001[20](3)：46～48．
51．全惠敏著．用VISUAL BASIC 6.0开发微机与单片机通信程序．微型计算机信息．2001[17](9)：39～40．
52．周术诚，蒋萌辉，宁正元著．微机与单片机串行通信中断方式的实现．福州大学学报．2001[29](8)：79～81．
2. Homes J. k, Co. Coherent Spread Spectrum. 1982.
3. Pickholtz R. A, The origins of spread spectrum communications. IEEE Trans. Communication, 1982, COM-30 (5).
4．肖国镇，梁传甲，王育民编．伪随机序列及其应用．国防工业出版社．1985．
5．朱近康著．扩展频谱通信技术的应用和发展．国际电子报．1989(1)：23．
6．丘玉春，徐平平著．电力载波中扩频技术的应用．现代通信1999(5)：5．
7．陈正实著．扩频技术在电力线载波通信中的应用分析．电力系统通信．1998(1)：10～13．
8．李祥珍，张悒著．扩频通信在电力系统应用中的性能分析．电力系统通信．2000(2)：27～29．
9．陈显治编．现代通信技术．电子工业出版社．2001．
10．张树京主编．通信系统原理．中国铁道出版社．1997．
11．上海市教育委员会组编．数字信号处理—原理与实现．上海交通大学出版社．2002．
12．徐定策编．数字信号处理的基本方法．成都科技大学出版社．1990．
13．[美]维德罗．B．自适应信号处理．四川大学出版社．1989．
14．张嵌华 林萍编．滤波技术．人民邮电出版社．1994．
15．邓海洋，魏丰，熊敏著．利用扩频载波技术实现电力数据通信[J]．电力系统通信，2000(1)：38～40．
16. Fernando A Cardoso, Jorge P Ferreira, Luis S Silva, Jose B Gerald. Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum Communication System over the Power Line[c]. ICICS'97, Singapore,9～12 Sept. 1997.
17．赵洪山著．用低压电力线扩频载波技术实现电能自动抄表[J]．电工技术杂志，2001(10)：8～9．
18．华云，龚耀寰，李红霞著．直扩信号中多窄带干扰自适应抑制的频域算法及系统实现[J]．信号处理，2002，18(1)：16～19．
19．唐瑜著．扩频通信中稳健自适应抗干扰技术的研究[J]．通信学报，1998，19(7)：36～43．
20．胡爱群，雷静著．扩频通信中大功率窄带干扰抑制的一种频域自适应算法[J]．东南大学学报，1999，29(4)：52～56．
21．陈尚勤，李晓峰编．快速自适应信息处理[M]．人民邮电出版社，1993．
22. Gardner W A. Statistical Spectral Analysis: A Nonprobabilistic Theory[M]. Englewood Cliffs: prentice Hall, 1987.
23. Reed J H, Quilici a a, Hsia T C. A Frequency Domain Time-Dependent Adaptive Filter for Interference Rejection[A]. IEEE Military Communication Conf[C]. 1988.391～397.
24．李军著．扩频信号谱相关自适应滤波技术研究[D]．西安电子科技大学，1995．
25．电力线扩频通信芯片PL2101用户手册．2002．
26. Hsu M, Giordano A A. Digital Whitening Techniques for Improving Spread Spectrum Communications Performance in the Presence of Narrowband Jamming &Interference. IEEE Trans on Commun, 1978,Com-26(2):209～216.
27. Marsy. Closed Form Analytical Results for the Rejection of Narrowband Interference in PN Sread Spectrum System. IEEE Trans on Commun, 1984, Com-30(8): 10～19.
28. Milstein. Adaptive Algorithms for Estimating & Suppressing Narrowband Interference in PN Spread Spectrum System. IEEE Trans on Commun, 1982, Com-30(5): 913～924.
29. Wenrong Wu. New Nonlinear Algorithms for Estimating & Suppressing Narrowband Interference in DS Spread Spectrum Systems. IEEE Trans on Commun, 1996, Com-44(4): 508～515.
30．仇佩亮著．扩频通信中干扰抑制的自适应非线性滤波技术．通信学报，1995，16(3)：22～26．
31．王福生，鲁昆生编．锁相技术．华中理工大学出版社1996．
32．林海，尹雪曼，周宇松著．锁相环的快速锁定模式分析．电信技术研究2002(1)：6～9．
33．何立民编．MCS—51系列单片机应用系统设计系统配置宇接口技术．北京航天大学出版社1998．
34．余锡存，曹国华编．单片机原理级接口技术．西安电子科技大学出版社．2002．
35．李东生，张勇，许四毛编．Protel 99SE电路设计技术入门与应用．电子工业出版社．2002．
36．薛约义，张彦斌编．MCS—51系列单片微型计算机及其应用．西安交通大学出版社．1997．
37．赵训威编．基于7MS320C6200系列DSP芯片的应用与开发．人民邮电出版社．2002．
38. AT89C2051 8-bit Microcontroller with 2k Bytes Flash. Atmel Corporation Technical Data Sheet. February 2000.
39．丁玉美等编．数字信号处理．西安电子科技大学出版社．1995．
40．田远福编．电信网络．成都科技大学出版社．1991．
41．Les Free．陈爱民等译．微机通信指南．电子工业出版社．1993．
42．钱寿宇，杜斌编著．微机通信技术．电子科技大学出版社．1995．
43．范逸之，陈莉元编著．Visual Basic与RS-232串行通信控制．清华大学出版社．2002．
44．[美]Peter W．Gofton著，王仲文，薛荣华，巴雪静译．精通串行通信．电子工业出版社．1995．
45．牛洪涛著．RS-232电平与了TL电平之间的转换．硬件世界．2000(1)：39～41．
46．张士文著．低压电力线通信技术综述．华北电力技术．2001(1)：27～43．
47．俞庆著．低压电力线载波通信技术的研究级应用．电力系统通信．2002(1)：17～21．
48．盛朝阳，郑善贤，黄颖华著．一种新型的电力线扩频MODEM．东北电力技术．2001(1)：25～27．
49．周永勤，李景男等著．基于PL2000模块的电力线扩频载波数据通信系统．哈尔滨理工大学学报．2001[6](4)：92～95．
50．蒋维玉著．用单片机的串口实现异步双机通信．实验室研究与探索．2001[20](3)：46～48．
51．全惠敏著．用VISUAL BASIC 6.0开发微机与单片机通信程序．微型计算机信息．2001[17](9)：39～40．
52．周术诚，蒋萌辉，宁正元著．微机与单片机串行通信中断方式的实现．福州大学学报．2001[29](8)：79～81．