居住区农业景观设计研究
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摘要
随着社会的发展,城市化进程的不断加快,环境景观在居住区中发挥重要作用。城市中的人一半甚至三分之二的时间是在居住区中度过,环境景观质量直接影响到人们的心理、生理以及精神生活,而我国居住区设计的现状是理念还未能赶上居住区建设要求的速度,发展过程中涌现出许多急需解决的问题。
城乡发展空间矛盾加剧,城市不断蔓延,耕地一被占用,人口密度增大、绿地减少、污染增加,生活节奏过渡紧张,大部分的居住环境已经是异国情调的地简单套用和模仿,感觉居住环境设计好象是“机械化生产的产物”,让人从中找不到家的温馨、舒适。人们真正是希望能从一些朴实、真切的环境中寻求一丝的感动或诗意。人们更有一种亲近自然的田园情怀,再加上经济的发展,生活水平同样的提高了,人们的消费结构发生了很大的变化,休闲时间比以前增多了,是人们有余暇从事休憩。
面对现代居住区环境设计大多只停留在物质层面上,仅仅是满足了人们居住的基本功能需求,缺乏对人的心理、精神的需求。因此,人性化设计被广大老百姓所提出来,它指的是不能片面考虑个体的人,而是综合考虑群体的人、社会的人,考虑群体的局部与社会的整体结合、社会效益与经济效益的结合,使社会的发展与更为长远的人类的生存环境相和谐、统一。人性化设计的景观不仅要给生活带来方便,更重要的是,使使用者与景观之间的关系更加融洽。它会最大限度地迁就人的行为方式,体谅人的感情,使人感到舒适,而不是让使用者去适应它、理解它。
在这样的背景下,本文针对居住区绿地环境的现状,本着“以人为本”的设计理念,从本国国情出发,农业和城市中居住区景观环境的相互联系,正好具有人性化设计的多方面的综合功能,既有实现经济、社会和生态三方面效益的高度统一,又能满足当代人休闲、学习、审美等多方面的心理和生理需要。
提出了农业与城市居住区景观相互交织的景观设计——城市居住区农业景观环境设计。
Along with society's development, urbanized advancement's unceasing quickening, the environment landscape plays the influential role in the community. In the urban person half even 2/3 time were pass in the community, environment landscape quality immediate influence to people's psychology, physiology as well as spiritual life, but our country community design's present situation was the idea has not been able to catch up with the community construction request the speed, in the developing process emerged many urgently needed solutions the question.
The city and countryside development opportunities contradictory aggravating, the city spreads unceasingly, plants crops one is taken, the population density increases, the green space to reduce, the pollution to increase, the rhythm of life transition is intense, the majority of environment already was the exotic atmosphere place applies mechanically simply and imitates, felt that the environment design is probably“the mechanized production product”, lets the human look not proficiently is warm, is comfortable. The people are truly the hope can from some simple, the clear environment seek a move or the poetic sentiment. The people have one kind to be intimate with the natural countryside mood. In addition economical development, living standard similar enhancement, people's consumption pattern has had the very big change, the free time compared to before increased, is the people have the leisure to be engaged in rests.
Mostly only pauses facing the modern community environment design in the material stratification plane, has met merely the basic function need which the people live, lacks to person's psychology, the spiritual demand. Therefore, the user-friendly design is proposed by the general common people, it refers to the human who cannot consider the individual one-sidedly, but is the overall evaluation community's people, society's person, considered that the community the part and society's whole union, the social efficiency and economic efficiency's union, causes social the development and the longer-term humanity's living environment harmony, unified. The user-friendly design's landscape not only need bring conveniently to the life, more importantly, causes between the user and the landscape relations are more harmonious. It maximum limit will give to person's behavior way, will forgive person's sentiment, will make one feel comfortable, but will not be lets the user adapt it, to understand it.
Under such background, this article in view of community green space environment present situation, in line with“humanist”the design idea, embarks from our country national condition, in the agriculture and the city the community landscape environment's mutual connection, happen to have user-friendly design various comprehensive function, both has realizes the economical, social and the ecology three aspect benefit high unification, and can satisfy the contemporary leisure, the study, esthetic and so on various psychology and the physiological needs.
Proposed agricultural and the urban community landscape interweaves mutually landscape design——Urban community agriculture landscape environment design。
城乡发展空间矛盾加剧,城市不断蔓延,耕地一被占用,人口密度增大、绿地减少、污染增加,生活节奏过渡紧张,大部分的居住环境已经是异国情调的地简单套用和模仿,感觉居住环境设计好象是“机械化生产的产物”,让人从中找不到家的温馨、舒适。人们真正是希望能从一些朴实、真切的环境中寻求一丝的感动或诗意。人们更有一种亲近自然的田园情怀,再加上经济的发展,生活水平同样的提高了,人们的消费结构发生了很大的变化,休闲时间比以前增多了,是人们有余暇从事休憩。
面对现代居住区环境设计大多只停留在物质层面上,仅仅是满足了人们居住的基本功能需求,缺乏对人的心理、精神的需求。因此,人性化设计被广大老百姓所提出来,它指的是不能片面考虑个体的人,而是综合考虑群体的人、社会的人,考虑群体的局部与社会的整体结合、社会效益与经济效益的结合,使社会的发展与更为长远的人类的生存环境相和谐、统一。人性化设计的景观不仅要给生活带来方便,更重要的是,使使用者与景观之间的关系更加融洽。它会最大限度地迁就人的行为方式,体谅人的感情,使人感到舒适,而不是让使用者去适应它、理解它。
在这样的背景下,本文针对居住区绿地环境的现状,本着“以人为本”的设计理念,从本国国情出发,农业和城市中居住区景观环境的相互联系,正好具有人性化设计的多方面的综合功能,既有实现经济、社会和生态三方面效益的高度统一,又能满足当代人休闲、学习、审美等多方面的心理和生理需要。
提出了农业与城市居住区景观相互交织的景观设计——城市居住区农业景观环境设计。
Along with society's development, urbanized advancement's unceasing quickening, the environment landscape plays the influential role in the community. In the urban person half even 2/3 time were pass in the community, environment landscape quality immediate influence to people's psychology, physiology as well as spiritual life, but our country community design's present situation was the idea has not been able to catch up with the community construction request the speed, in the developing process emerged many urgently needed solutions the question.
The city and countryside development opportunities contradictory aggravating, the city spreads unceasingly, plants crops one is taken, the population density increases, the green space to reduce, the pollution to increase, the rhythm of life transition is intense, the majority of environment already was the exotic atmosphere place applies mechanically simply and imitates, felt that the environment design is probably“the mechanized production product”, lets the human look not proficiently is warm, is comfortable. The people are truly the hope can from some simple, the clear environment seek a move or the poetic sentiment. The people have one kind to be intimate with the natural countryside mood. In addition economical development, living standard similar enhancement, people's consumption pattern has had the very big change, the free time compared to before increased, is the people have the leisure to be engaged in rests.
Mostly only pauses facing the modern community environment design in the material stratification plane, has met merely the basic function need which the people live, lacks to person's psychology, the spiritual demand. Therefore, the user-friendly design is proposed by the general common people, it refers to the human who cannot consider the individual one-sidedly, but is the overall evaluation community's people, society's person, considered that the community the part and society's whole union, the social efficiency and economic efficiency's union, causes social the development and the longer-term humanity's living environment harmony, unified. The user-friendly design's landscape not only need bring conveniently to the life, more importantly, causes between the user and the landscape relations are more harmonious. It maximum limit will give to person's behavior way, will forgive person's sentiment, will make one feel comfortable, but will not be lets the user adapt it, to understand it.
Under such background, this article in view of community green space environment present situation, in line with“humanist”the design idea, embarks from our country national condition, in the agriculture and the city the community landscape environment's mutual connection, happen to have user-friendly design various comprehensive function, both has realizes the economical, social and the ecology three aspect benefit high unification, and can satisfy the contemporary leisure, the study, esthetic and so on various psychology and the physiological needs.
Proposed agricultural and the urban community landscape interweaves mutually landscape design——Urban community agriculture landscape environment design。
引文
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[2]王向荣.林箐.自然的含义[J].中国园林,2007,01:6-17.
[3]王根强.欧洲古典园林的发展对现代景观设计的影响[J].园林,2007,04:6-1.
[4]王向荣.林箐.自然的含义[J].中国园林,2007,01:6-17.
[5]周向频.欧洲现代景观规划设计的发展历程与当代特征[J].城市规划汇刊,2003,04:49-55.
[6]周向频.欧洲现代景观规划设计的发展历程与当代特征[J].城市规划汇刊,2003,04:49-55.
[7]周向频.欧洲现代景观规划设计的发展历程与当代特征[J].城市规划汇刊,2003,04:49-55.
[8]何红林.论生态设计在景观设计中的重要性[J].景观中国.
[9]俞孔坚.景观的含义[J].时代建筑,2002,01:14-17.
[10]俞孔坚.景观的含义[J].时代建筑,2002,01:14-17.
[11]李健.居住区景观设计初探——有感于美国加利福尼亚学派“加州花园”景观设计思想[J].城市建筑,2008,05:24-26.
[12]俞孔坚.生存的艺术:定位当代景观设计学[J].建筑学报,2006,10:39-43.
[13]俞孔坚.生存的艺术:定位当代景观设计学[J].建筑学报,2006,10:39-43.
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