集中供热管网优化设计研究
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摘要
本文介绍了实际管网模型化过程中所要遵循的原则及方法,并据此建立了承德市南市区供热管网的水力计算模型。根据基本回路分析法编制的Matlab程序对上述模型进行了求解,得出了各个管段的流量和压降,以为后续管网的优化设计奠定基础。建立了供热管网的优化设计模型,该模型以供热管网的年折算费用为最终的优化目标函数,重点考虑了管网的建设总投资,并新加入了管网的年运行电费和管道的年热损失费用,以使优化目标符合实际情况。其优化目标函数的决策变量为管网各管段离散的标准公称直径,并考虑了和实际工程相对应的水力约束条件。为求解供热管网的优化设计模型,采用模拟退火算法编制了Matlab程序,对上述算例进行优化计算,得到了优化的管网各管段管径。在此基础上,对优化后的管网进行了水力计算。优化前后的结果表明:按本文所提出的优化设计方法进行类似供热管网的设计,可降低供热管网的年折算费用。
First of all, this paper introduces the principles and methods which should be followed of the actual network model when it is processed. And then hydraulic calculation of the model is established on central heating pipe network. The classical method of basic circuit analysis is used to solve the hydraulic model. And the preparation central heating pipe network of south downtown in Cheng De city is on hydraulic calculation which is used Matlab language. Then we obtain the flow and pressure drop of each pipe which laid the foundation for optimal design of the pipe network later introduced in this article. The optimized model of the heating pipe network is improved in the latter part the final objective function of the model is based on the annual conversion cost of heating network The overall pipeline network construction costs, annual running costs of the network and the network cost of the annual heat loss is specifically included. Diameter of the pipe discrete is objective function in which the decision variables And the hydraulic constraints is considered and corresponded the actual of the actual project. Then the simulated annealing is successfully invoked The solution of the optimal design of heat pipe the model is achieved Also specific Matlab Program which is prepared solved optimization calculation of the example The diameter of each group is obtained The optimized pipe network is hydraulic calculated the results with optimize and the results without optimization are compared the overall cost of the network is reduced on the basis A variety of pipe network optimization results have also been improved.
First of all, this paper introduces the principles and methods which should be followed of the actual network model when it is processed. And then hydraulic calculation of the model is established on central heating pipe network. The classical method of basic circuit analysis is used to solve the hydraulic model. And the preparation central heating pipe network of south downtown in Cheng De city is on hydraulic calculation which is used Matlab language. Then we obtain the flow and pressure drop of each pipe which laid the foundation for optimal design of the pipe network later introduced in this article. The optimized model of the heating pipe network is improved in the latter part the final objective function of the model is based on the annual conversion cost of heating network The overall pipeline network construction costs, annual running costs of the network and the network cost of the annual heat loss is specifically included. Diameter of the pipe discrete is objective function in which the decision variables And the hydraulic constraints is considered and corresponded the actual of the actual project. Then the simulated annealing is successfully invoked The solution of the optimal design of heat pipe the model is achieved Also specific Matlab Program which is prepared solved optimization calculation of the example The diameter of each group is obtained The optimized pipe network is hydraulic calculated the results with optimize and the results without optimization are compared the overall cost of the network is reduced on the basis A variety of pipe network optimization results have also been improved.
引文
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[2]建设部赴芬兰考察集中供热计量系统与收费制度代表团.芬兰的集中供热计量系统及收费制度[J].建设科技. 2002, (3): 29-30.
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[7]李先瑞.从统计数字看我国的集中供热[J].区域供热. 2003, (6):5-9
[8] Zhi Ping Song. Total Energy System Analysis of Heating[J]. Energy. 2000, (9): 807-822.
[9]张怀宇,吴学伟.给水管网水力计算程序的实现[J].管道技术与设备. 1995, (6): 32-34.
[10] Marianne Lynch.Financial Considerations for Developers of District Heating[J]. Energy. 1981, 66(4): 227-231.
[11]包志仁,刘国华,包根海.给水管网平差环方程法的改进[J].浙江大学学报. 2000, 34(4): 69-72.
[12]肖益民,付祥钊.环状供热管网水力计算方法探讨[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版). 2005, 28(11): 122-124.
[13]李祥立,孙宗宇,邹平华.多热源环状热水管网的水力计算与分析[J].暖通空调. 2004, 34(7): 97-101.
[14] Z.Y.Wu, T.Walski. Self-adaptive Penalty Cost for Optimal Design of Water Distribution[J]. Systems.Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management. 2005, 131(3): 181-192.
[15]宋森正,张启海,李振佳.城市给水管网的计算方法及应用[J].山东水利科技. 1997, (1): 5-8.
[16] A.Tolson,Holger, R.Maierl,Angus. Genetic Algorithms for Reliability-Based Optimization of Water Distribution[J]. Systems.Journal of Water Resources and Management. 2004, 130(1): 63-72.
[17]徐宝萍,付林,狄洪发.大型多热源环状热水网水力计算方法[J].区域供热. 2005, 6: 25-32.
[18]尚玲玲,郭勇.大型供热系统水力仿真计算方法的研究[J].山东电力技术. 2006, (6): 10-13.
[19] A.Krope, J.Krope, D.Goricanec. Optimal Design of District Heating Networks Operating with Drag Reducing[J]. Additives In M.H.Hamza, .Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Applied Modeling. 1999, 294-298.
[20]吕向阳,韩宪法,李川,等.基于图论的环网模拟分析调节法应用分析[J].河北工程大学学报(自然科学版). 2007, 24(3): 16-19.
[21] Atli Benonysson, Benny B?hm, Hans F.Ravn. Operational Optimization in a District Heating[J]. System.Energy Conversion and Management. 1995, 36(5): 297.
[22] Branislav Ja?imovic, Branislav ?ivkovi?,Srbislav Genci?, et al.Supply WaterTeamperature Regulation Problems in District Heating Network with Both Direct and In direct Connection[J]. Energy and Buildings. 1998, 28(3): 317-322.
[23]王国明,詹宇胜,叶灵.环状给水管网节点流量算法[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版). 2003, 26(3): 1208-1212.
[24]陈庆华,刘胜荣.“节点平衡法”在供热管道水力计算中的应用[J].能源研究与利用. 2002, (2): 40-41.
[25] Z.Y.Wu, A.R.Simpson. Competent Genetic-Evolutionary Optimization of Water Distribution Systems[J]. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering. 2001, 15(2): 89-100.
[26] Marianne Lynch.“Financial Considerations for Developers of District Heating Projects”[J]. District Heating. 1981, 66(4): 10-14.
[27] Helge.V.Larsen, Aggregated Dynamic. Simulation Model of District Heating Networks[J]. Energy Conversion and Management. 2002, 43(8): 995-1019.
[28] Petersen, Harald. Procedure when Failures Occur in the District Heating Supply[J]. Euroheat and Power. 2003, 32(4): 38-43.
[29] E.Ya.Sokolov, A.V.Izbekov. Quantitative Calculation of Heat Supply SystemThermal Engineering[J]. English Translation of Teploenergetika. 1990, 37(9): 495.
[30] N. M. Zigger, S. A. Baibakov, B. N. Gromov. Improving the Controllability of Heating Networks When They are Reconstructed and Re-equipped[J]. Thermal Engineering (English Translation of Teploenergetika). 1990, 37(9): 495-496.
[31] H. Aamot, G. Phetteplace. Long Distance Heat Transmission with Steam and Hot Water. Proceeding of the 1st International Total Energy Congress[J]. Copenhagen. 1976: 517-549.
[32] A. Krope, J. Krope, D. Goricanec. Optimal dimensioning of district heating networks by use of the Lagrange Multiplier Method[J]. Proceedings of the International Conference on Urban Transport and the Environment for the21st Century. Lisbon. 1998: 543-550.
[33]蔡启林,王兆霖,陈兆祥等.供热网平面布置的优化[J].全国暖通空调制冷1986年学术年会论文集. 1985: 50-53.
[34] V.A.Permyakov. New Heat-exchange Equipment for Industrial Power Plants and System for Heat Supply[J]. Tyazheloe Mashinostroenie. 1997, 9: 27-31.
[35]段洁仪.多热源热水供热网优化设计研究[D].清华大学硕士学位论文. 1989: 44-59.
[36] Xu zhong Qin, Yi Jiang, Ying xin Zhu. Optimization of Hydraulic Condi-tions in District Heating Networks[J]. ASHRAE Transactions. 2000. 106(2): 270-274.
[37]秦绪忠.区域供热供冷输配系统动力学特性研究[D].清华大学博士学位论文. 2000: 40-54.
[38]李祥立.考虑事故工况限额供热的复杂供热管网优化设计研究[D].博士毕业论文.哈尔滨工业大学. 2005: 18-39, 97-99.
[39] D. Karmeli, Y. Gadish, S. Meyers. Design of Optimal Water Distribution Network. [J]. Pipeline Div., ASCE. 1994, (1): 1-9.
[40] Shaake, D. Lai. Linear Programming and Dynamic Programming Applica-tion of Water Distribution Network Design[J]. MIT Press, Cambridge Mass, USA Reprot116. 1969: 151-159.
[41] I. Liang. Design of Conduit System by Dynamic Programming. [J]. Hydr, Div., ASCE. 1977, (3): 383-393.
[42] E. Aperovits, U. Shamir. Design of Optimal Water Distributing Systems[J]. Water Resource Reseach. 1977, 13(6): 885-900.
[43]段华薇.蚁群算法的改进方法[D].社会科学家增刊.四川师范大学. 2007: 1-3
[44] Z.Poulakis, D.Valougeorgis, C.Papadimitriou. Leakage detection in water pipe networks using a Bayesian probabilistic framework Probabilistic[J]. Engineering Mechanics. 2003: 315-327.
[45]王凤琴,高颖,赵军.基于遗传算法的神经网络优化[D].燕山大学学报. 2001: 235-238.
[46] N.M.Zigger ,S.A.Baibakov ,B.N.Gromov. Improving the Controllability of Heating Networks When They are Reconstructed and Re-equipped[J]. Thermal Engineering (English Translation of Teploenergetika). 1990, 37(9): 495-496.
[47]严煦世,刘遂庆.给水排水管网系统[J].北京:中国建筑工业出版社. 2002: 66-114.
[48]严煦世,赵宏宾.给水管网理论和计算[J].北京:中国建筑工业出版社. 1986: 57-126.
[49] Saud A.Taher, John W.Labadie. Optimal Design of Water Distribution Networks With GIS[J]. Journal of Water Resources planning and Management. 1996, 122(4): 301-311.
[50]吴飞.集中供热管网的设计方法分析与改进[D]. [硕士学位论文].哈尔滨工业大学. 2006.
[51]肖益民,付祥钊.环状供热管网水力计算方法探讨[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版). 2005, 28(11) :122-124.
[52] N.M.Kwok, Q.P. Ha,T.H. Nguyen, J, et al. Samali. A novel hysteretic model for magnetorheological fluid dampers and pararneter identification using particle swarm optimization[J]. Sensors ank actuators A:Phusical. 2006, 132(2); 441-451
[53] Idel Montalvo, Joaqufn Izquierdo, Rafael Perez and Michael M. Tung. Psrticle Swarm Optimization applied to the design of water supply systems[J]. Computers & Mathematic with Applications. 2008: (11):214-218.
[54]储诚山,张宏伟,高飞亚,等.基于改进混合遗传算法的给水管网优化[J].天津大学学报. 2006, 39(10) :1216-1226.
[55]范刚龙.供热管网设计计算模型优化研究[J].郑州大学学报(理学版). 2005, 37(3): 61-63.
[56]刘军英,郭振明,刘桂茂,等.供热管网设计总结中若干问题的探讨[J].煤气与热力. 2000, 20(6): 461-463.
[57]城市热网设计规范. GJJ34-2002.北京建筑工业出版社. 2002: 19.
[2]建设部赴芬兰考察集中供热计量系统与收费制度代表团.芬兰的集中供热计量系统及收费制度[J].建设科技. 2002, (3): 29-30.
[3]曾享麟,蔡启林,解鲁生.欧洲集中供热的发展[J].区域供热2002, (1):1-8.
[4]邹平华.借鉴俄罗斯经验积极发展我国集中供热事业[J].暖通空调. 2000, 30(4): 33-37.
[5]黄文,管昌生.城市集中供热现状及发展趋势[J].国外建材科技. 2004, 25(5): 78-80.
[6]归耕.城市集中供热探讨[J].理论探索. 1995, (1): 43-45.
[7]李先瑞.从统计数字看我国的集中供热[J].区域供热. 2003, (6):5-9
[8] Zhi Ping Song. Total Energy System Analysis of Heating[J]. Energy. 2000, (9): 807-822.
[9]张怀宇,吴学伟.给水管网水力计算程序的实现[J].管道技术与设备. 1995, (6): 32-34.
[10] Marianne Lynch.Financial Considerations for Developers of District Heating[J]. Energy. 1981, 66(4): 227-231.
[11]包志仁,刘国华,包根海.给水管网平差环方程法的改进[J].浙江大学学报. 2000, 34(4): 69-72.
[12]肖益民,付祥钊.环状供热管网水力计算方法探讨[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版). 2005, 28(11): 122-124.
[13]李祥立,孙宗宇,邹平华.多热源环状热水管网的水力计算与分析[J].暖通空调. 2004, 34(7): 97-101.
[14] Z.Y.Wu, T.Walski. Self-adaptive Penalty Cost for Optimal Design of Water Distribution[J]. Systems.Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management. 2005, 131(3): 181-192.
[15]宋森正,张启海,李振佳.城市给水管网的计算方法及应用[J].山东水利科技. 1997, (1): 5-8.
[16] A.Tolson,Holger, R.Maierl,Angus. Genetic Algorithms for Reliability-Based Optimization of Water Distribution[J]. Systems.Journal of Water Resources and Management. 2004, 130(1): 63-72.
[17]徐宝萍,付林,狄洪发.大型多热源环状热水网水力计算方法[J].区域供热. 2005, 6: 25-32.
[18]尚玲玲,郭勇.大型供热系统水力仿真计算方法的研究[J].山东电力技术. 2006, (6): 10-13.
[19] A.Krope, J.Krope, D.Goricanec. Optimal Design of District Heating Networks Operating with Drag Reducing[J]. Additives In M.H.Hamza, .Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Applied Modeling. 1999, 294-298.
[20]吕向阳,韩宪法,李川,等.基于图论的环网模拟分析调节法应用分析[J].河北工程大学学报(自然科学版). 2007, 24(3): 16-19.
[21] Atli Benonysson, Benny B?hm, Hans F.Ravn. Operational Optimization in a District Heating[J]. System.Energy Conversion and Management. 1995, 36(5): 297.
[22] Branislav Ja?imovic, Branislav ?ivkovi?,Srbislav Genci?, et al.Supply WaterTeamperature Regulation Problems in District Heating Network with Both Direct and In direct Connection[J]. Energy and Buildings. 1998, 28(3): 317-322.
[23]王国明,詹宇胜,叶灵.环状给水管网节点流量算法[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版). 2003, 26(3): 1208-1212.
[24]陈庆华,刘胜荣.“节点平衡法”在供热管道水力计算中的应用[J].能源研究与利用. 2002, (2): 40-41.
[25] Z.Y.Wu, A.R.Simpson. Competent Genetic-Evolutionary Optimization of Water Distribution Systems[J]. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering. 2001, 15(2): 89-100.
[26] Marianne Lynch.“Financial Considerations for Developers of District Heating Projects”[J]. District Heating. 1981, 66(4): 10-14.
[27] Helge.V.Larsen, Aggregated Dynamic. Simulation Model of District Heating Networks[J]. Energy Conversion and Management. 2002, 43(8): 995-1019.
[28] Petersen, Harald. Procedure when Failures Occur in the District Heating Supply[J]. Euroheat and Power. 2003, 32(4): 38-43.
[29] E.Ya.Sokolov, A.V.Izbekov. Quantitative Calculation of Heat Supply SystemThermal Engineering[J]. English Translation of Teploenergetika. 1990, 37(9): 495.
[30] N. M. Zigger, S. A. Baibakov, B. N. Gromov. Improving the Controllability of Heating Networks When They are Reconstructed and Re-equipped[J]. Thermal Engineering (English Translation of Teploenergetika). 1990, 37(9): 495-496.
[31] H. Aamot, G. Phetteplace. Long Distance Heat Transmission with Steam and Hot Water. Proceeding of the 1st International Total Energy Congress[J]. Copenhagen. 1976: 517-549.
[32] A. Krope, J. Krope, D. Goricanec. Optimal dimensioning of district heating networks by use of the Lagrange Multiplier Method[J]. Proceedings of the International Conference on Urban Transport and the Environment for the21st Century. Lisbon. 1998: 543-550.
[33]蔡启林,王兆霖,陈兆祥等.供热网平面布置的优化[J].全国暖通空调制冷1986年学术年会论文集. 1985: 50-53.
[34] V.A.Permyakov. New Heat-exchange Equipment for Industrial Power Plants and System for Heat Supply[J]. Tyazheloe Mashinostroenie. 1997, 9: 27-31.
[35]段洁仪.多热源热水供热网优化设计研究[D].清华大学硕士学位论文. 1989: 44-59.
[36] Xu zhong Qin, Yi Jiang, Ying xin Zhu. Optimization of Hydraulic Condi-tions in District Heating Networks[J]. ASHRAE Transactions. 2000. 106(2): 270-274.
[37]秦绪忠.区域供热供冷输配系统动力学特性研究[D].清华大学博士学位论文. 2000: 40-54.
[38]李祥立.考虑事故工况限额供热的复杂供热管网优化设计研究[D].博士毕业论文.哈尔滨工业大学. 2005: 18-39, 97-99.
[39] D. Karmeli, Y. Gadish, S. Meyers. Design of Optimal Water Distribution Network. [J]. Pipeline Div., ASCE. 1994, (1): 1-9.
[40] Shaake, D. Lai. Linear Programming and Dynamic Programming Applica-tion of Water Distribution Network Design[J]. MIT Press, Cambridge Mass, USA Reprot116. 1969: 151-159.
[41] I. Liang. Design of Conduit System by Dynamic Programming. [J]. Hydr, Div., ASCE. 1977, (3): 383-393.
[42] E. Aperovits, U. Shamir. Design of Optimal Water Distributing Systems[J]. Water Resource Reseach. 1977, 13(6): 885-900.
[43]段华薇.蚁群算法的改进方法[D].社会科学家增刊.四川师范大学. 2007: 1-3
[44] Z.Poulakis, D.Valougeorgis, C.Papadimitriou. Leakage detection in water pipe networks using a Bayesian probabilistic framework Probabilistic[J]. Engineering Mechanics. 2003: 315-327.
[45]王凤琴,高颖,赵军.基于遗传算法的神经网络优化[D].燕山大学学报. 2001: 235-238.
[46] N.M.Zigger ,S.A.Baibakov ,B.N.Gromov. Improving the Controllability of Heating Networks When They are Reconstructed and Re-equipped[J]. Thermal Engineering (English Translation of Teploenergetika). 1990, 37(9): 495-496.
[47]严煦世,刘遂庆.给水排水管网系统[J].北京:中国建筑工业出版社. 2002: 66-114.
[48]严煦世,赵宏宾.给水管网理论和计算[J].北京:中国建筑工业出版社. 1986: 57-126.
[49] Saud A.Taher, John W.Labadie. Optimal Design of Water Distribution Networks With GIS[J]. Journal of Water Resources planning and Management. 1996, 122(4): 301-311.
[50]吴飞.集中供热管网的设计方法分析与改进[D]. [硕士学位论文].哈尔滨工业大学. 2006.
[51]肖益民,付祥钊.环状供热管网水力计算方法探讨[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版). 2005, 28(11) :122-124.
[52] N.M.Kwok, Q.P. Ha,T.H. Nguyen, J, et al. Samali. A novel hysteretic model for magnetorheological fluid dampers and pararneter identification using particle swarm optimization[J]. Sensors ank actuators A:Phusical. 2006, 132(2); 441-451
[53] Idel Montalvo, Joaqufn Izquierdo, Rafael Perez and Michael M. Tung. Psrticle Swarm Optimization applied to the design of water supply systems[J]. Computers & Mathematic with Applications. 2008: (11):214-218.
[54]储诚山,张宏伟,高飞亚,等.基于改进混合遗传算法的给水管网优化[J].天津大学学报. 2006, 39(10) :1216-1226.
[55]范刚龙.供热管网设计计算模型优化研究[J].郑州大学学报(理学版). 2005, 37(3): 61-63.
[56]刘军英,郭振明,刘桂茂,等.供热管网设计总结中若干问题的探讨[J].煤气与热力. 2000, 20(6): 461-463.
[57]城市热网设计规范. GJJ34-2002.北京建筑工业出版社. 2002: 19.