基于遗传算法的给水管网优化设计
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摘要
在城市现代化建设中,供水工程是市政工程中不可缺少的重要组成部分。供水工程主要由取水工程、净水工程、泵站、输配水工程和调节建筑物等构成,其中,给水管网占整个给水工程投资的70%～80%,可见,管网是输配水系统设计的重要组成部分,管网设计将直接影响到整个给水系统的投资。按目前的经验运行方式浪费很大,如果采用优化设计,不仅能节省大量能源,而且能使管网在合理的状态下运行,既保证供水的要求,也使管网的压力更为合理。一个管网优化设计方案,应该在保证供水所需的水量、水压、水质安全和可靠性的前提下,既要考虑基建投资的经济性,还要考虑运行期管理费用的经济性。因此,城市给水管网优化设计具有极其重要的意义。
本文以给水管网优化设计为研究对象,首先阐述了给水管网优化设计的内容和意义,简要地介绍了已有的优化方法,分析比较了各种优化方法并指出其存在的不足,归纳总结了影响给水管网优化设计结果的因素;接着介绍了遗传算法的基本原理,然后在简单遗传算法的基础上,对选择算子、交叉算子、变异算子以及部分参数的设置采取改进措施,采用实数编码方法,避免了反复编码、解码的过程,提高了运算效率;并以年折算费用为目标函数,建立了给水管网优化设计的遗传算法模型;最后通过工程实例验证了该模型具有一定的理论和应用价值。
用烟台市某小区的给水系统为工程实例,采用了以环为主的编程思想,以基本管段矩阵为基础,派生出相应的矩阵,进行数据的合理转换,使管网优化所输入的数据尽可能少,从节点流量的计算、管段初始流量的分配到遗传算法的计算全部由计算机编程自动实现。
In city modernization drive, the water-supply project is that the municipal engineering is hit by the essential important component. The water-supply project is composed of fetching the water project, clean water project, pump station, conveying the building matching water project and measuring and so on mainly, among them, accounting for 70% ~ of water supply project investment for entire 80% for water pipe net, visible, the pipe network is to lose match the important component that water system designs, the pipe network designs that with the investment direct effect to entire water supply system. Note at present the experience operation way dissipation is very big, design that if adopt an optimization, not only being able to economize large amount of the sources of energy, can also make a pipe network work under rational circumstances, demand now that guarantee supplies water, also make the pipe network pressure be more rational. A pipe network optimizes a design plan, ought to under water yield, water pressure, water quality safety and the reliability premise needed by guarantee water supply, now that needing to consider the economy that capital construction invests in, want to have the economy considering operation scheduled time administration cost too. Therefore, the city gives water pipe net to optimize design having extremely important significance.
The main body of a book has been designed in order to giving water pipe net to optimize for the object of study, has expounded first giving water pipe net to optimize content and significance designing that, the method having introduced already some optimizations briefly, analyses parallel various optimization method and points out the deficiency there existing in the person, the effect having summed up a summary gives water pipe net to optimize the factor designing result's; Proceed to have introduced inheritance algorithm basal principle , adopt improvement measure on parametric interposition choosing the operator, intersection operator, mutant operator and part, adopt the real number code method and then on simple inheritance algorithm basis, have avoided repeated code, decipher process , have improved arithmetic efficiency; Have taken annual overseen cost as target function and , have built the inheritance algorithm model that the net optimization designs to water pipe; Have certain theory and apply value finally by the fact that the project example has verified that model.
The water supply system using some Yantai City housing estate has been a project example, has adopt the programming thought giving first place to the ring, has taken being in charge of the Doan matrix basically as basis, has derives the corresponding matrix out, that the reasonableness carrying out a data's changes, makes data imported by pipe network optimization as far as possible few, the from node rate of flow calculation, the assignment being in charge of initial rate of flow of Doan to inheritance algorithm calculation all reason computer programming automation comes true.
本文以给水管网优化设计为研究对象,首先阐述了给水管网优化设计的内容和意义,简要地介绍了已有的优化方法,分析比较了各种优化方法并指出其存在的不足,归纳总结了影响给水管网优化设计结果的因素;接着介绍了遗传算法的基本原理,然后在简单遗传算法的基础上,对选择算子、交叉算子、变异算子以及部分参数的设置采取改进措施,采用实数编码方法,避免了反复编码、解码的过程,提高了运算效率;并以年折算费用为目标函数,建立了给水管网优化设计的遗传算法模型;最后通过工程实例验证了该模型具有一定的理论和应用价值。
用烟台市某小区的给水系统为工程实例,采用了以环为主的编程思想,以基本管段矩阵为基础,派生出相应的矩阵,进行数据的合理转换,使管网优化所输入的数据尽可能少,从节点流量的计算、管段初始流量的分配到遗传算法的计算全部由计算机编程自动实现。
In city modernization drive, the water-supply project is that the municipal engineering is hit by the essential important component. The water-supply project is composed of fetching the water project, clean water project, pump station, conveying the building matching water project and measuring and so on mainly, among them, accounting for 70% ~ of water supply project investment for entire 80% for water pipe net, visible, the pipe network is to lose match the important component that water system designs, the pipe network designs that with the investment direct effect to entire water supply system. Note at present the experience operation way dissipation is very big, design that if adopt an optimization, not only being able to economize large amount of the sources of energy, can also make a pipe network work under rational circumstances, demand now that guarantee supplies water, also make the pipe network pressure be more rational. A pipe network optimizes a design plan, ought to under water yield, water pressure, water quality safety and the reliability premise needed by guarantee water supply, now that needing to consider the economy that capital construction invests in, want to have the economy considering operation scheduled time administration cost too. Therefore, the city gives water pipe net to optimize design having extremely important significance.
The main body of a book has been designed in order to giving water pipe net to optimize for the object of study, has expounded first giving water pipe net to optimize content and significance designing that, the method having introduced already some optimizations briefly, analyses parallel various optimization method and points out the deficiency there existing in the person, the effect having summed up a summary gives water pipe net to optimize the factor designing result's; Proceed to have introduced inheritance algorithm basal principle , adopt improvement measure on parametric interposition choosing the operator, intersection operator, mutant operator and part, adopt the real number code method and then on simple inheritance algorithm basis, have avoided repeated code, decipher process , have improved arithmetic efficiency; Have taken annual overseen cost as target function and , have built the inheritance algorithm model that the net optimization designs to water pipe; Have certain theory and apply value finally by the fact that the project example has verified that model.
The water supply system using some Yantai City housing estate has been a project example, has adopt the programming thought giving first place to the ring, has taken being in charge of the Doan matrix basically as basis, has derives the corresponding matrix out, that the reasonableness carrying out a data's changes, makes data imported by pipe network optimization as far as possible few, the from node rate of flow calculation, the assignment being in charge of initial rate of flow of Doan to inheritance algorithm calculation all reason computer programming automation comes true.
引文
[1]葛琳.给水管网优化设计及其CAD的研究:(硕士学位论文).长沙:湖南大学,2003.
[2]Amy J.Purves,A Lee Cesario.Computer application in he water industry.J.AWWA,1993,(4):129-130.
[3]Frank.A.U.Requirements for a Database Management System For a GIS.Photogrammetritric.Engineering and Remote Sensing.1988.54:1557-1564.
[4]郑立中,方俭,刘定生.地理信息系统与决策(第一版).北京:北京大学出版社,2000.
[5]许世刚,索丽生,陈守伦.计算智能在水利水电工程中的应用研究进展.2002,22(2):345-347.
[6]Daene C Mckinney,David Rmaidment,Mustafa Tanriverdi.Expert Geographic Information System for Texas water Planning.Journal of Water Resources Planning And Management.1993,119(2):52-83.
[7]Grotschel Mand Holland O,Solution of large-scale symmetric traveling salesman problems,Mathe.
[8]Holland J H.Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems,Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press,1975.
[9]玄光男,程润传.遗传算法与工程设计.北京:科技出版社,2000.
[10]雷英杰,张善文.遗传算法工具箱及其应用.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2005.
[11]郑立平,郝中孝.遗传算法理论综.计算机工程与应用.2003,21:34-38.
[12]王小平,曹立明.遗传算法-理论、应用及软件实现.西安:西安交大出版社,2002.
[13]许仕荣.给水管网的计算理论和电算应用.长沙:湖南大学出版社,1997.
[14]Goldberg D.Genetic Algorithms in Research,Optimization and Machine Learning.Addison Wesley:Reading(MA),1989.
[15]王文元.用基因算法求管网经济管径.给水排水,1997,23(12):22-25.
[16]邢文训,谢金星.现代优化计算方法.北京:清华大学出版社,1999.
[17]王国明.城镇给排水工程程序设计.合肥:合肥工业大学出版社,2002,120-128.
[18]王国明.给水管网计算中的数据转换方法.工业用水与废水,2002,33(6):44-47.
[19]Scrinvas Mand Patnaik C.M.Adaptive Probabilities of Crossover and mutation in Genetic Algorithms.IEEE Trans.SMC,1994,24(4):656-666.
[20]杜锐.遗传算法在给水管网优化中的应用:(硕士学位论文).合肥:合肥工业大学,2002.
[21]恽为民,席裕庚.遗传算法的运行机理分析.控制理论与应用,1996,13(3),297-304.
[22]宋毓,卫海燕.WebGIS及其常用软件的比较研究.西安联合大学学报,2004,7(2):53-56.
[23]况青松.改进的遗传算法在城市给水网优化中的应用:(硕士学位论文).合肥:合肥工业大学,2003.
[24]黄宇阳,许仕荣.给水管网图形信息系统的研究.给水排水,1998,24(10):36-39.
[25]周敏荣,林性粹.用基于整数编码的改进遗传算法进行环状管网优化设计.灌溉排水,2001,20(3).
[26]潘玲.并行遗传算法在一种新的给水管网优化设计中的应用:(硕士学位论文).合肥:合肥工业大学,2004.
[27]刘守亮,吕谋,李培刚.遗传算法在给水管网优化设计中的应用.青岛理工大学学报,2005(6),99-102.
[28]MapInfo Professional 7.0用户手册.MapInfo Corporation Troy,New York 2002.
[16]Neelakantan T R,Pundarikanthan N V.Neural network-based simulation[J].Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management,ASCE,2000(3):57-64.
[30]杨久鲜,徐邓耀,韩晋.MapInfo标准桌面地图信息系统简介与应用.四川师范学院学报,1997,18(3):236-241.
[31]罗云启,罗毅.数字化地理信息系统MapInfo应用大全.北京:北京希望电子工业出版社,2001.
[32]钟江平.南宁市排水网络地理信息系统设计介绍.给水排水,2003,29(8):87.
[33]周明,孙树栋.遗传算法原理与应用.北京:国防工业出版社,1999.
[34]Anderson,Michael D.Souleyrette,Reginald R.Geographic information system-based transportation forecast model for small urbanized areas.Source:Transportation Research Record,n 1551,1996(11):95-104.
[35]于海龙,谢刚生,邹时林.基于MapInfo的城市综合管网信息系统的开发.江苏地质,1999,23(3):156-161.
[36]詹宇胜.给水管网优化计算与绘图一体化研究:(硕士学位论文).合肥:合肥工业大学,2004.
[37]龙震工作室.AutoCAD程序设计制作(建筑设计).北京:电子工业出版社,2002.
[38]严熙世,赵洪滨.给水管网理论和计算.中国建设工业出版社,1986.
[39]黄宇阳,许仕荣.给水管网图形信息系统的研究.给水排水,1998,2004(10):111-113.
[40]隋洪涛.基因遗传算法及气动外形最优化设计:(硕士学位论文).南京航空航天大学,2002
[2]Amy J.Purves,A Lee Cesario.Computer application in he water industry.J.AWWA,1993,(4):129-130.
[3]Frank.A.U.Requirements for a Database Management System For a GIS.Photogrammetritric.Engineering and Remote Sensing.1988.54:1557-1564.
[4]郑立中,方俭,刘定生.地理信息系统与决策(第一版).北京:北京大学出版社,2000.
[5]许世刚,索丽生,陈守伦.计算智能在水利水电工程中的应用研究进展.2002,22(2):345-347.
[6]Daene C Mckinney,David Rmaidment,Mustafa Tanriverdi.Expert Geographic Information System for Texas water Planning.Journal of Water Resources Planning And Management.1993,119(2):52-83.
[7]Grotschel Mand Holland O,Solution of large-scale symmetric traveling salesman problems,Mathe.
[8]Holland J H.Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems,Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press,1975.
[9]玄光男,程润传.遗传算法与工程设计.北京:科技出版社,2000.
[10]雷英杰,张善文.遗传算法工具箱及其应用.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2005.
[11]郑立平,郝中孝.遗传算法理论综.计算机工程与应用.2003,21:34-38.
[12]王小平,曹立明.遗传算法-理论、应用及软件实现.西安:西安交大出版社,2002.
[13]许仕荣.给水管网的计算理论和电算应用.长沙:湖南大学出版社,1997.
[14]Goldberg D.Genetic Algorithms in Research,Optimization and Machine Learning.Addison Wesley:Reading(MA),1989.
[15]王文元.用基因算法求管网经济管径.给水排水,1997,23(12):22-25.
[16]邢文训,谢金星.现代优化计算方法.北京:清华大学出版社,1999.
[17]王国明.城镇给排水工程程序设计.合肥:合肥工业大学出版社,2002,120-128.
[18]王国明.给水管网计算中的数据转换方法.工业用水与废水,2002,33(6):44-47.
[19]Scrinvas Mand Patnaik C.M.Adaptive Probabilities of Crossover and mutation in Genetic Algorithms.IEEE Trans.SMC,1994,24(4):656-666.
[20]杜锐.遗传算法在给水管网优化中的应用:(硕士学位论文).合肥:合肥工业大学,2002.
[21]恽为民,席裕庚.遗传算法的运行机理分析.控制理论与应用,1996,13(3),297-304.
[22]宋毓,卫海燕.WebGIS及其常用软件的比较研究.西安联合大学学报,2004,7(2):53-56.
[23]况青松.改进的遗传算法在城市给水网优化中的应用:(硕士学位论文).合肥:合肥工业大学,2003.
[24]黄宇阳,许仕荣.给水管网图形信息系统的研究.给水排水,1998,24(10):36-39.
[25]周敏荣,林性粹.用基于整数编码的改进遗传算法进行环状管网优化设计.灌溉排水,2001,20(3).
[26]潘玲.并行遗传算法在一种新的给水管网优化设计中的应用:(硕士学位论文).合肥:合肥工业大学,2004.
[27]刘守亮,吕谋,李培刚.遗传算法在给水管网优化设计中的应用.青岛理工大学学报,2005(6),99-102.
[28]MapInfo Professional 7.0用户手册.MapInfo Corporation Troy,New York 2002.
[16]Neelakantan T R,Pundarikanthan N V.Neural network-based simulation[J].Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management,ASCE,2000(3):57-64.
[30]杨久鲜,徐邓耀,韩晋.MapInfo标准桌面地图信息系统简介与应用.四川师范学院学报,1997,18(3):236-241.
[31]罗云启,罗毅.数字化地理信息系统MapInfo应用大全.北京:北京希望电子工业出版社,2001.
[32]钟江平.南宁市排水网络地理信息系统设计介绍.给水排水,2003,29(8):87.
[33]周明,孙树栋.遗传算法原理与应用.北京:国防工业出版社,1999.
[34]Anderson,Michael D.Souleyrette,Reginald R.Geographic information system-based transportation forecast model for small urbanized areas.Source:Transportation Research Record,n 1551,1996(11):95-104.
[35]于海龙,谢刚生,邹时林.基于MapInfo的城市综合管网信息系统的开发.江苏地质,1999,23(3):156-161.
[36]詹宇胜.给水管网优化计算与绘图一体化研究:(硕士学位论文).合肥:合肥工业大学,2004.
[37]龙震工作室.AutoCAD程序设计制作(建筑设计).北京:电子工业出版社,2002.
[38]严熙世,赵洪滨.给水管网理论和计算.中国建设工业出版社,1986.
[39]黄宇阳,许仕荣.给水管网图形信息系统的研究.给水排水,1998,2004(10):111-113.
[40]隋洪涛.基因遗传算法及气动外形最优化设计:(硕士学位论文).南京航空航天大学,2002