供应链管理在东风汽车股份公司的应用研究
摘要
供应链(Supply Chain，SC)的概念在80年代末提出，近年来随着全球制造(Global Manufacturing)的出现，供应链在制造业管理中得到普遍应用，成为一种新的管理模式。受目前国际市场竞争激烈、经济及用户需求等的不确定性的增加，技术的迅速革新等因素的影响，供应链管理((Supply ChainManagement，SCM)提出的时间虽不长，但己引起人们的广泛关注。国际上一些著名的企业如惠普公司、IBM公司、DELL计算机公司等在供应链实践中取得了巨大的成绩，使人更加坚信供应链是进入21世纪后企业适应全球竞争的一种有效途径，因而吸引了许多学者和企业界人士研究和实践供应链管理。
本文由供应链管理的形成和发展开始，介绍了供应链、供应链管理的基本概念、供应链管理的方法、供应商战略管理、库存管理等理论知识，以及当今在全球经济一体化的趋势下，新的供应链理论对企业发展的重要性。东风汽车股份有限公司在其发展过程中将供应链建设与发展列为企业获得竞争优势的一条有效途径，探讨并建立完善的东风汽车供应链体系，无疑对企业的发展具有重要的战略意义。
本文结合所学物流知识，通过对供应链的系统阐述，在对东风汽车股份有限公司供应链现状进行系统分析的基础上，针对东风汽车供应链中存在的问题，按供应链管理的理念，对东风汽车供应链体系进行重新规划，规划建立“一网、二流、一平台”的供应链体系及评价体系，并运用计算机技术，以提高客户满意度为目的，将供应链有机连成网络，将实物流、信息流、资金流统一起来。相信对“东风汽车”业绩及物流的改善有指导和参考作用。
供应链管理水平的提高成为东风汽车股份公司在未来扩大国内市场份额，更快，更好地满足顾客的多样化需求，使企业迅速迈向国际市场、提高在国际市场上的生存和竞争能力都有着十分重要的理论与实践意义。
The concept of supply chain (SC) was proposed in the late 1980's.With the appearance of Global Manufacture in recent years, SC is generally applied in manufacture management and become a new kind of management mode. With influence of vehement competition in international market, indeterminacy of economy and user's needs, fast innovation of technology, Supply Chain Management (SCM)has aroused extensive attention in a short time. Some famous international enterprises have scored enormous achievements in SCM practice,such as Hewlett-Packard, IBM, DELL computer Company, etc. It makes people believe firmly that SCM is a kind of effective way for enterprises to meet the competition in the 21st century, and therefore it attracts a lot of scholars and businessmen to research and practice.
This thesis attempts to look back the form and development of supplychain management,depict the basic concept of supply chain,supply chain management, the method of supply chain management, the strategic management of the supplier and the stock management.At present,with the incorporate trend of global economy,new theory of SCM are playing more and more important role in the development of company. In the developing course of DFAC, we take the construction and development of supply chain as an effective way to gain competition advantage for the enterprise. To probe into and set a perfect supply chain system is of important strategic meanings to the company undoubtedly.
Combined with logistics theory. Through the exposition of supply chain system, on the foundation of overall analysis to the company's current supply chain situation and the question among them, according to the supply chain management theory, this thesis plan the supply chain of DFAC again. We plan and set up a" one network"," two flow",,, one platform" supply chain system and its evaluation system. We use computer technology to make an organic network for supply chain, which unite material flow, information flow, fund flow and take customer's satisfied level increasing as its purpose. I believe it can instruct and consult some in achievement improving for DFAC.
With the improving of the supply chains management level,DFAC can exten domestic future market,satisfy personality needs of customers faster and better. DFAC can look forward to the international market,and improve subsistence and competition on the international market.It has very important theorization and practiced significance.
本文由供应链管理的形成和发展开始，介绍了供应链、供应链管理的基本概念、供应链管理的方法、供应商战略管理、库存管理等理论知识，以及当今在全球经济一体化的趋势下，新的供应链理论对企业发展的重要性。东风汽车股份有限公司在其发展过程中将供应链建设与发展列为企业获得竞争优势的一条有效途径，探讨并建立完善的东风汽车供应链体系，无疑对企业的发展具有重要的战略意义。
本文结合所学物流知识，通过对供应链的系统阐述，在对东风汽车股份有限公司供应链现状进行系统分析的基础上，针对东风汽车供应链中存在的问题，按供应链管理的理念，对东风汽车供应链体系进行重新规划，规划建立“一网、二流、一平台”的供应链体系及评价体系，并运用计算机技术，以提高客户满意度为目的，将供应链有机连成网络，将实物流、信息流、资金流统一起来。相信对“东风汽车”业绩及物流的改善有指导和参考作用。
供应链管理水平的提高成为东风汽车股份公司在未来扩大国内市场份额，更快，更好地满足顾客的多样化需求，使企业迅速迈向国际市场、提高在国际市场上的生存和竞争能力都有着十分重要的理论与实践意义。
The concept of supply chain (SC) was proposed in the late 1980's.With the appearance of Global Manufacture in recent years, SC is generally applied in manufacture management and become a new kind of management mode. With influence of vehement competition in international market, indeterminacy of economy and user's needs, fast innovation of technology, Supply Chain Management (SCM)has aroused extensive attention in a short time. Some famous international enterprises have scored enormous achievements in SCM practice,such as Hewlett-Packard, IBM, DELL computer Company, etc. It makes people believe firmly that SCM is a kind of effective way for enterprises to meet the competition in the 21st century, and therefore it attracts a lot of scholars and businessmen to research and practice.
This thesis attempts to look back the form and development of supplychain management,depict the basic concept of supply chain,supply chain management, the method of supply chain management, the strategic management of the supplier and the stock management.At present,with the incorporate trend of global economy,new theory of SCM are playing more and more important role in the development of company. In the developing course of DFAC, we take the construction and development of supply chain as an effective way to gain competition advantage for the enterprise. To probe into and set a perfect supply chain system is of important strategic meanings to the company undoubtedly.
Combined with logistics theory. Through the exposition of supply chain system, on the foundation of overall analysis to the company's current supply chain situation and the question among them, according to the supply chain management theory, this thesis plan the supply chain of DFAC again. We plan and set up a" one network"," two flow",,, one platform" supply chain system and its evaluation system. We use computer technology to make an organic network for supply chain, which unite material flow, information flow, fund flow and take customer's satisfied level increasing as its purpose. I believe it can instruct and consult some in achievement improving for DFAC.
With the improving of the supply chains management level,DFAC can exten domestic future market,satisfy personality needs of customers faster and better. DFAC can look forward to the international market,and improve subsistence and competition on the international market.It has very important theorization and practiced significance.
引文
[1] 大卫．辛奇一利维，菲利普．凯明斯基，艾迪斯．辛奇一利维，供应链设计与管理一概念战略与案例研究季建华等译．上海远东出版社，2001
[2] 张靖，管理科学的新热点．供应链管理，决策与借鉴，2000
[3] [美]罗纳德．H．巴罗，企业物流管理一供应链的规划、组织与控制．王晓东、胡瑞娟等译，机械出版社，2002
[4] [日]汤浅和夫，供应链下的物流管理．孙正生译，海天出版社，2002
[5] 崔介柯，企业物流．中国物资出版社，2002
[6] 宋华、胡左浩，现代物流与供应链管理．经济管理出版社，2000
[7] 骆温平，物流与供应链管理．电子工业出版社，2002
[8] 骆温平，三方物流理论、操作与案例．上海社会科学院出版社，2001
[9] 张成海，供应链管理技术与方法．清华大学出版社，2002
[10] 杨平安，现代物流国际通用管理与成功案例典范．新华出版社，2002年6月第一版
[11] 理查德 B．蔡斯尼古拉斯J阿奎拉诺罗伯特雅各布斯，生产与运作管理．宋国防等译，机械工业出版社，2002年12次印刷
[12] 徐传球，企业资源计划与供应链管理．华东经济管理，2004
[13] 詹猛士．R．斯托克等著，战略物流管理．邵晓峰等译，中国财政经济出版社，2003年1月出版
[14] 马士华，林勇，陈志祥，供应链管理．机械工业出版社，2005
[15] 汪定伟，选择供应商的模糊综合评价方法．管理工程学报，2002(12)：17—22
[16] 陈志样，供应链管理模式下的企业再造工程[A]．五届全国经济与管理系统学术研讨会论文集[C]．大连：中国自动化学会，1998(7)：33—35
[17] 钱力显，朱道力，供应链标竿研究．物流技术，2002(4)：15-20
[18] 大卫．伯特等著，胡克等译，世界级供应管理．电子工业出版社，2003．78-90
[19] 李华焰，马士华，林勇，供应链整体绩效驱动及其平衡分析．决策借鉴，2002(5)：13-18
[20] 邵晓锋，季建华，黄培清，供应链竞争力评价指标体系的研究．预测，2000(5)：13-18
[21] 史丽萍，张传海，供应链企业外部绩效评价子系统研究。哈尔滨商业大学学报，2002(4)：5-10
[22] 韩英，基于AHP法的供需链中核心企业的评价，物流科技。2003(5)：30-35
[23] Altiok, Tayfur and Raghav Ranjan, 1995. Multi-Stage, Pull-Type Production/Inventory Systems. IIE Transactions, 27:190-200.
[24] Arntzen, Bruce C., Gerald G. Brown, Terry P. Harrison, and Linda L. Trafton, 1995.Global Supply Chain Management at Digital Equipment Corporation.INTERFACES, 25: 69-93.
[25] Beamon, Benita M., 1996. Performance Measures In Supply Chain Management, Proceedings of the Conference on Agile and Intelligent Man cturing Systems, Troy, NY.
[26] Bhatnagar, Rohit, Chandra Pankaj, and Suresh K. Goyal, 1993. Models for MultiPlant Coordination. European Journal of Operational Research, 67:141-160.
[27] Cachon, G.P. and P.H. Zipkin, 1997. Competitive and Cooperative Inventory Policies in a Two-Stage Supply Chain. Fuqua School of Busineess, Duke University.
[28] Camm, Jeffrey D., Thomas E. Chorman, Franz A. Dull, James R. Evans, Dennis J. Sweeney, and Glenn W. Wegryn, 1997. Blending ORJMS, Judgement, and GIS: Restructuring P>MS Supply Chain. INTERFACES, 27(1):128-142.
[29] Chen, Fangruo, 1997. Decentralized Supply Chains Subject to Information Delays (formerly The Stationary Beer Game), Graduate School of Business.Columbia University, New York, NY.
[30] Christopher, Martin, 1994. Logistics and Supply Chain Management, Richard D. Irwin, Inc. Financial Times, New York, NY.
[31] Christy, David P. and John R. Grout, 1994. Safeguarding Supply Chain Relationships. International Journal of Production Economics, 36: 233-242.
[32] Clark, A.J. and H. Scarf, 1960. Optimal Policies for a Multi-Echelon InventoryProblem. Management Science, 6(4): 475-490.
[33] Clark, A.J. and H. Scarf, 1962. Approximate Solutions to a Simple Multi-Echelon Inventory Problem, in K.J. Arros, S. Karlin, and H. Scarf (eds.).Studies in Applied Probability and Management Science, pp. 88-110, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
[34] Cohen, Morris A. and Hau L. Lee, 1988. Strategic Analysis of Integrated Production-Distribution Systems.Models and Methods, Operations Research, 36(2): 216-228.20
[35] Cohen, Morris A. and Hau L. Lee, 1989. Resource Deployment Analysis of Global Manufacturing and Distribution Networks.Journal of Manufacturing and Operations Management, 2: 81 — 104.
[36] Cohen, Morris A. and Sanqwon Moon, 1990. Impact of Production Scale Economies, Manufacturing Complexity, and Transportation Costs on Supply Chain Facility Networks.Journal of Manufacturing and Operations Management, 3: 269-292.
[37] Davis, Tom, 1993. Effective Supply Chain Management. Sloan Management Review, Summer, 35-46.
[38] Diks, E.B., A.G. de Kok, and A.G. Lagodimos, 1996. Multi-Echelon Systems: A Service Measure Perspective.European Journal of Operational Research, 95: 241-263.
[39] Federgruen, A., 1993. Centralized Planning Models for Multi -Echelon Inventory Systems Under Uncertainty, in S. Graves, A. Rinnooy Kan, and P. Zipkin (Eds.), Logistics of Production and Inventory.North-Holland, Amsterdam, 133-173.
[40] Forrester, J., 1961.Industrial Dynamics. MIT Press, and John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.
[41] Hammel, Todd R. and Laura Rock Kopczak, 1993. Tightening the Supply Chain.Production and Inventory Management Journal, 34(2): 63-70.
[42] Ishii, K., K. Takahashi and R. Muramatsu, 1988. Integrated Production, Inventory and Distribution Systems.Intemational Journal of Production Research, 26(3):473-482.
[43] Johnson, M. Eric and Tom Davis, Gaining and Edge with Supply Chain Management. 1995.
[2] 张靖，管理科学的新热点．供应链管理，决策与借鉴，2000
[3] [美]罗纳德．H．巴罗，企业物流管理一供应链的规划、组织与控制．王晓东、胡瑞娟等译，机械出版社，2002
[4] [日]汤浅和夫，供应链下的物流管理．孙正生译，海天出版社，2002
[5] 崔介柯，企业物流．中国物资出版社，2002
[6] 宋华、胡左浩，现代物流与供应链管理．经济管理出版社，2000
[7] 骆温平，物流与供应链管理．电子工业出版社，2002
[8] 骆温平，三方物流理论、操作与案例．上海社会科学院出版社，2001
[9] 张成海，供应链管理技术与方法．清华大学出版社，2002
[10] 杨平安，现代物流国际通用管理与成功案例典范．新华出版社，2002年6月第一版
[11] 理查德 B．蔡斯尼古拉斯J阿奎拉诺罗伯特雅各布斯，生产与运作管理．宋国防等译，机械工业出版社，2002年12次印刷
[12] 徐传球，企业资源计划与供应链管理．华东经济管理，2004
[13] 詹猛士．R．斯托克等著，战略物流管理．邵晓峰等译，中国财政经济出版社，2003年1月出版
[14] 马士华，林勇，陈志祥，供应链管理．机械工业出版社，2005
[15] 汪定伟，选择供应商的模糊综合评价方法．管理工程学报，2002(12)：17—22
[16] 陈志样，供应链管理模式下的企业再造工程[A]．五届全国经济与管理系统学术研讨会论文集[C]．大连：中国自动化学会，1998(7)：33—35
[17] 钱力显，朱道力，供应链标竿研究．物流技术，2002(4)：15-20
[18] 大卫．伯特等著，胡克等译，世界级供应管理．电子工业出版社，2003．78-90
[19] 李华焰，马士华，林勇，供应链整体绩效驱动及其平衡分析．决策借鉴，2002(5)：13-18
[20] 邵晓锋，季建华，黄培清，供应链竞争力评价指标体系的研究．预测，2000(5)：13-18
[21] 史丽萍，张传海，供应链企业外部绩效评价子系统研究。哈尔滨商业大学学报，2002(4)：5-10
[22] 韩英，基于AHP法的供需链中核心企业的评价，物流科技。2003(5)：30-35
[23] Altiok, Tayfur and Raghav Ranjan, 1995. Multi-Stage, Pull-Type Production/Inventory Systems. IIE Transactions, 27:190-200.
[24] Arntzen, Bruce C., Gerald G. Brown, Terry P. Harrison, and Linda L. Trafton, 1995.Global Supply Chain Management at Digital Equipment Corporation.INTERFACES, 25: 69-93.
[25] Beamon, Benita M., 1996. Performance Measures In Supply Chain Management, Proceedings of the Conference on Agile and Intelligent Man cturing Systems, Troy, NY.
[26] Bhatnagar, Rohit, Chandra Pankaj, and Suresh K. Goyal, 1993. Models for MultiPlant Coordination. European Journal of Operational Research, 67:141-160.
[27] Cachon, G.P. and P.H. Zipkin, 1997. Competitive and Cooperative Inventory Policies in a Two-Stage Supply Chain. Fuqua School of Busineess, Duke University.
[28] Camm, Jeffrey D., Thomas E. Chorman, Franz A. Dull, James R. Evans, Dennis J. Sweeney, and Glenn W. Wegryn, 1997. Blending ORJMS, Judgement, and GIS: Restructuring P>MS Supply Chain. INTERFACES, 27(1):128-142.
[29] Chen, Fangruo, 1997. Decentralized Supply Chains Subject to Information Delays (formerly The Stationary Beer Game), Graduate School of Business.Columbia University, New York, NY.
[30] Christopher, Martin, 1994. Logistics and Supply Chain Management, Richard D. Irwin, Inc. Financial Times, New York, NY.
[31] Christy, David P. and John R. Grout, 1994. Safeguarding Supply Chain Relationships. International Journal of Production Economics, 36: 233-242.
[32] Clark, A.J. and H. Scarf, 1960. Optimal Policies for a Multi-Echelon InventoryProblem. Management Science, 6(4): 475-490.
[33] Clark, A.J. and H. Scarf, 1962. Approximate Solutions to a Simple Multi-Echelon Inventory Problem, in K.J. Arros, S. Karlin, and H. Scarf (eds.).Studies in Applied Probability and Management Science, pp. 88-110, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
[34] Cohen, Morris A. and Hau L. Lee, 1988. Strategic Analysis of Integrated Production-Distribution Systems.Models and Methods, Operations Research, 36(2): 216-228.20
[35] Cohen, Morris A. and Hau L. Lee, 1989. Resource Deployment Analysis of Global Manufacturing and Distribution Networks.Journal of Manufacturing and Operations Management, 2: 81 — 104.
[36] Cohen, Morris A. and Sanqwon Moon, 1990. Impact of Production Scale Economies, Manufacturing Complexity, and Transportation Costs on Supply Chain Facility Networks.Journal of Manufacturing and Operations Management, 3: 269-292.
[37] Davis, Tom, 1993. Effective Supply Chain Management. Sloan Management Review, Summer, 35-46.
[38] Diks, E.B., A.G. de Kok, and A.G. Lagodimos, 1996. Multi-Echelon Systems: A Service Measure Perspective.European Journal of Operational Research, 95: 241-263.
[39] Federgruen, A., 1993. Centralized Planning Models for Multi -Echelon Inventory Systems Under Uncertainty, in S. Graves, A. Rinnooy Kan, and P. Zipkin (Eds.), Logistics of Production and Inventory.North-Holland, Amsterdam, 133-173.
[40] Forrester, J., 1961.Industrial Dynamics. MIT Press, and John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.
[41] Hammel, Todd R. and Laura Rock Kopczak, 1993. Tightening the Supply Chain.Production and Inventory Management Journal, 34(2): 63-70.
[42] Ishii, K., K. Takahashi and R. Muramatsu, 1988. Integrated Production, Inventory and Distribution Systems.Intemational Journal of Production Research, 26(3):473-482.
[43] Johnson, M. Eric and Tom Davis, Gaining and Edge with Supply Chain Management. 1995.