中小企业电子商务采纳—实施—评价影响因素及方法研究
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摘要
电子商务给中小企业提供了与大企业公平竞争的平台,给中小企业带来经济利益,因而近几年来我国中小企业发展电子商务速度迅速。但是我国中小企业电子商务化的总体比例仍然不高,很多中小企业的决策者往往认为自身企业在信息化建设的规模、资金和管理方面的实力比较弱小,因而在是否发展电子商务的决策上作观望态度；有些中小企业通过电子商务获得了很大利益,也有些中小企业在应用电子商务后不见成效,更有甚者,投入大量资金后陷入危机。因此企业面临着应用电子商务的三个困惑,一是本企业是否要实施电子商务?电子商务采纳决策的因素有哪些?二是企业电子商务成功实施的影响因素有哪些?它们之间又有怎样的关系?三是如何衡量企业电子商务的实施效果?即电子商务的效果评价因素有哪些?本文针对中小企业面临的这些困惑,进行理论和实证上的探索与研究。
本研究在相关文献综述的基础上,综合运用系统科学、管理科学、计算机技术及行为科学的基本理论与研究方法,结合中小企业的实际情况,以采纳决策-成功实施-效果评价作为研究思路,构建了中小企业电子商务采纳-实施-评价影响因素的概念模型。通过因子分析、结构方程模型等统计工具与方法,研究中小企业电子商务发展的决策因素、成功因素和效果评价因素三者之间的关系,提出政府、企业、技术三个层面的对策措施。
本文得出以下结论：(1)中小企业电子商务采纳决策及成功实施要素包括：“外界压力”、“支撑环境”、“经理支持”、“组织保障”、“人员匹配”、“技术可行性”和“实施适用性”；(2)以上七个因素中,“外界压力”、“经理支持”、“实施适用性”作为采纳决策的直接因素,对其电子商务的采纳决策具有直接影响,而“人员匹配”、“技术可行性”、“支撑环境”、“组织保障”作为采纳决策的间接因素,对其电子商务的采纳决策具有间接作用；(3)确定了三个中小企业电子商务的效果评价因素,即从对企业的直接和间接的收益、客户满意度水平及对组织内部的影响三个方面,可以衡量中小企业实施电子商务的效果和水平；(4)中小企业电子商务采纳程度对其电子商务效果评价具有显著的正相关,同时中小企业电子商务效果评价对其电子商务采纳程度也具有反作用。(5)中小企业电子商务要获得较理想的效果,“环境因素”、“组织因素”、“技术因素”这三个方面是缺一不可的。中小企业的组织规模、经济实力等客观条件对其电子商务的成功实施影响并不大。只要其企业性质适合发展电子商务,再加上理想的外部环境、企业经理的支持等,中小企业可以选择第三方平台等模式用较低的投入成本获得电子商务的成功实施。
本文在理论分析与实证研究的基础上,构建了中小企业电子商务效果评价指标体系,指标的权重在层次分析法的基础上通过熵权加以修正；提出应用灰色关联度分析及综合模糊评判两种方法分别对单企业及多企业的电子商务实施效果进行评价。本研究一方面拓展了灰色关联度分析、综合模糊评判方法的应用领域,另一方面为中小企业提供了具体的切实可行的电子商务效果评价方法的指导。本研究同时构建了中小企业电子商务采纳决策指标体系,提出应用EOWA/LHA算子及投影寻踪分类模型两种方法对中小企业电子商务应用进行采纳决策。本研究一方面拓展了EOWA/LHA算子及投影寻踪分类模型的应用领域,另一方面为中小企业提供了具体的切实可行的电子商务采纳决策方法的指导。
Electronic Commerce(EC) in Small and Middle Sized Enterprises (SMEs)provides a platform of fair competition for SMEs with large enterprises, and brings economic benefits to SMEs, thus recent years, the EC in SMEs develops rapidly.However, the overall proportion of EC in SMEs in China remains low, many SMEs decision-makers tend to feel that their business in the information construction of scale, financial and management strength of is relatively weak, thus they keep 'wait and see'attitude about the EC development decisions; some SMEs obtain great interest through EC, but also some SMEs can't see the effect after the application,some even fall into crisis after a lot of money isinvested.Therefore, SMEs are facing three puzzles about EC application, first, if the companies need to implement EC? What are the EC adoption decision factors? Second, what are the successful implementation factors of EC? And how about the relationship between them? The third is how to measure the implementation effectiof EC? What is The performance evaluation factors of EC? In this paper, the theoretical and empirical exploration and research is conducted towards these SMEs confusion.
In this study, based on the literature review and the integrated use of systems science, management science, computer technology and the behavioral science research methods, combined with the actual situation of SMEs, A conceptual model of EC adoption-implementation-evaluation factors by SMEs is constructed.The decision-making factors, success factors and performance evaluation factors of EC development in SMEs is studyed, including the relationship between these factors through factor analysis, structural equation modeling and other statistical tools and methods. Finally,that the Government, the countermeasures are proposed through three levels, including government,business and technology.
It concluded as follows:(1) the adoption decision-making and successful implementation factors of EC in SMEs include:"external pressure", "support environment", "manager support", "organization indemnification," "personnel match", "technical feasibility "and the" implementation suitability"; (2) In above seven factors, the "external pressure","manager support" and the "implementation suitability" as the direct factor in the adoption of decision-making, have a direct impact in the EC adoption decision-making,and The "personnel match", "technical feasibility", "support environment", "organization indemnification" as the indirect factor in the adoption of decision-making, have the indirectimpact in the EC adoption decision-making. (3) Three performance evaluation factors of EC in SMEs are determined, from three areas including the enterprise's direct and indirect revenue, customer satisfaction levels and the impact within the organization, the effectiveness and implementation of EC for SMEs level can be measured; (4) EC adoption degree in SMEs has a significant positive correlation with its evaluation of the admissibility, while EC performance evaluation in SMEs has counterproductive impact to its adoption degree.(5) In order to obtain better results of EC in SMEs,"Environment factors", "organizational factors" and "technology factors" are indispensable.The firm size,economic strength, and the objective conditions have not great effect on EC implementation success. If nature of business is fit for EC, along with the ideal external environment and manager support,SMEs can choose to use third-party platform and other models to obtain EC implementation success,by a lower input costs.
Based on the theoretical analysis and Empirical research, the evaluation index system is constructed,the index weight is amended by entropy on the basis of AHP. The gray correlation analysis and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method are used to evaluate the EC implementation effect in single and multi-business.Thus it expands the applications areas of grey correlation analysis, and it also provide SMEs with specific practical effect guidance of EC evaluation.On the other hand, decision-making index system is constructed, too. it also also proposes two methods to making decision of EC application adoption,including EOWA/LHA operator and of projection pursuit classification model. Thus it expands the applications areas of EOWA/LHA operator and of projection pursuit classification model, and it also provide SMEs with specific practical effect guidance of EC adoption decision-making.
本研究在相关文献综述的基础上,综合运用系统科学、管理科学、计算机技术及行为科学的基本理论与研究方法,结合中小企业的实际情况,以采纳决策-成功实施-效果评价作为研究思路,构建了中小企业电子商务采纳-实施-评价影响因素的概念模型。通过因子分析、结构方程模型等统计工具与方法,研究中小企业电子商务发展的决策因素、成功因素和效果评价因素三者之间的关系,提出政府、企业、技术三个层面的对策措施。
本文得出以下结论：(1)中小企业电子商务采纳决策及成功实施要素包括：“外界压力”、“支撑环境”、“经理支持”、“组织保障”、“人员匹配”、“技术可行性”和“实施适用性”；(2)以上七个因素中,“外界压力”、“经理支持”、“实施适用性”作为采纳决策的直接因素,对其电子商务的采纳决策具有直接影响,而“人员匹配”、“技术可行性”、“支撑环境”、“组织保障”作为采纳决策的间接因素,对其电子商务的采纳决策具有间接作用；(3)确定了三个中小企业电子商务的效果评价因素,即从对企业的直接和间接的收益、客户满意度水平及对组织内部的影响三个方面,可以衡量中小企业实施电子商务的效果和水平；(4)中小企业电子商务采纳程度对其电子商务效果评价具有显著的正相关,同时中小企业电子商务效果评价对其电子商务采纳程度也具有反作用。(5)中小企业电子商务要获得较理想的效果,“环境因素”、“组织因素”、“技术因素”这三个方面是缺一不可的。中小企业的组织规模、经济实力等客观条件对其电子商务的成功实施影响并不大。只要其企业性质适合发展电子商务,再加上理想的外部环境、企业经理的支持等,中小企业可以选择第三方平台等模式用较低的投入成本获得电子商务的成功实施。
本文在理论分析与实证研究的基础上,构建了中小企业电子商务效果评价指标体系,指标的权重在层次分析法的基础上通过熵权加以修正；提出应用灰色关联度分析及综合模糊评判两种方法分别对单企业及多企业的电子商务实施效果进行评价。本研究一方面拓展了灰色关联度分析、综合模糊评判方法的应用领域,另一方面为中小企业提供了具体的切实可行的电子商务效果评价方法的指导。本研究同时构建了中小企业电子商务采纳决策指标体系,提出应用EOWA/LHA算子及投影寻踪分类模型两种方法对中小企业电子商务应用进行采纳决策。本研究一方面拓展了EOWA/LHA算子及投影寻踪分类模型的应用领域,另一方面为中小企业提供了具体的切实可行的电子商务采纳决策方法的指导。
Electronic Commerce(EC) in Small and Middle Sized Enterprises (SMEs)provides a platform of fair competition for SMEs with large enterprises, and brings economic benefits to SMEs, thus recent years, the EC in SMEs develops rapidly.However, the overall proportion of EC in SMEs in China remains low, many SMEs decision-makers tend to feel that their business in the information construction of scale, financial and management strength of is relatively weak, thus they keep 'wait and see'attitude about the EC development decisions; some SMEs obtain great interest through EC, but also some SMEs can't see the effect after the application,some even fall into crisis after a lot of money isinvested.Therefore, SMEs are facing three puzzles about EC application, first, if the companies need to implement EC? What are the EC adoption decision factors? Second, what are the successful implementation factors of EC? And how about the relationship between them? The third is how to measure the implementation effectiof EC? What is The performance evaluation factors of EC? In this paper, the theoretical and empirical exploration and research is conducted towards these SMEs confusion.
In this study, based on the literature review and the integrated use of systems science, management science, computer technology and the behavioral science research methods, combined with the actual situation of SMEs, A conceptual model of EC adoption-implementation-evaluation factors by SMEs is constructed.The decision-making factors, success factors and performance evaluation factors of EC development in SMEs is studyed, including the relationship between these factors through factor analysis, structural equation modeling and other statistical tools and methods. Finally,that the Government, the countermeasures are proposed through three levels, including government,business and technology.
It concluded as follows:(1) the adoption decision-making and successful implementation factors of EC in SMEs include:"external pressure", "support environment", "manager support", "organization indemnification," "personnel match", "technical feasibility "and the" implementation suitability"; (2) In above seven factors, the "external pressure","manager support" and the "implementation suitability" as the direct factor in the adoption of decision-making, have a direct impact in the EC adoption decision-making,and The "personnel match", "technical feasibility", "support environment", "organization indemnification" as the indirect factor in the adoption of decision-making, have the indirectimpact in the EC adoption decision-making. (3) Three performance evaluation factors of EC in SMEs are determined, from three areas including the enterprise's direct and indirect revenue, customer satisfaction levels and the impact within the organization, the effectiveness and implementation of EC for SMEs level can be measured; (4) EC adoption degree in SMEs has a significant positive correlation with its evaluation of the admissibility, while EC performance evaluation in SMEs has counterproductive impact to its adoption degree.(5) In order to obtain better results of EC in SMEs,"Environment factors", "organizational factors" and "technology factors" are indispensable.The firm size,economic strength, and the objective conditions have not great effect on EC implementation success. If nature of business is fit for EC, along with the ideal external environment and manager support,SMEs can choose to use third-party platform and other models to obtain EC implementation success,by a lower input costs.
Based on the theoretical analysis and Empirical research, the evaluation index system is constructed,the index weight is amended by entropy on the basis of AHP. The gray correlation analysis and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method are used to evaluate the EC implementation effect in single and multi-business.Thus it expands the applications areas of grey correlation analysis, and it also provide SMEs with specific practical effect guidance of EC evaluation.On the other hand, decision-making index system is constructed, too. it also also proposes two methods to making decision of EC application adoption,including EOWA/LHA operator and of projection pursuit classification model. Thus it expands the applications areas of EOWA/LHA operator and of projection pursuit classification model, and it also provide SMEs with specific practical effect guidance of EC adoption decision-making.
引文
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