高效空气过滤器及滤纸计数效率测试相关问题研究
|
摘要
随着现代科技的发展,对空气环境中悬浮微粒的控制,无论在粒子数量还是大小方面都提出了更高的要求。这就对空气净化行业提出了更高的要求,必须开发研制具有更高性能的空气过滤材料和过滤器。滤纸和过滤器测试手段的发展是制造更好的过滤器材的保证。由于我国目前现行的高效滤纸和高效过滤器性能测试的国家标准已经有十几年没有修订,因此,需要适应行业的发展对相应标准进行修订。目前,国际上日趋通行的高效滤纸和高效过滤器的测试标准为欧盟标准EN1822,但此标准在我国应用的基础还不成熟,测试过程中依然存在着一些需要解决的问题。
通过对在自行研制的高效、超高效滤纸最易穿透粒径(MPPS)效率实验台和高效过滤器MPPS计数效率检测系统上取得的实验数据的分析和实验误差的计算,证明了在对测试系统进行合理设计的前提条件下,使用一台计数器与使用两台计数器所得的测试结果的差别是可以接受的。同时,对自行设计生产的稀释器的结构和误差之间的关系,以及稀释器标定误差对效率测试的影响进行了分析。论文通过对过滤器测试试验数据的分析,发现在气溶胶浓度变化过程中,测试得到的结果并不准确;发尘器开启至稳定状态比在测试过程中调节发尘器发尘量至稳定状态所需时间长。在测试时,测试的时间与测试的准确性是正相关的,即测试时间越长,测试结果越准确,并且通过对测试数据的分析可以计算得出合理得测试时间。
国内厂家生产过滤器时所选用的滤纸通常比过滤器的设计效率高一个等级,这是由于滤纸和滤器测试方法采用不同滤速造成的,当测试方法统一时,滤纸效率与过滤器效率是相同的。应用变风量过滤器检漏法检查过滤器是否存在漏点在滤器存在着较大漏点的情况下是可行的,但是当过滤器的漏点较小时,变风量检漏方法并不能准确的检测出过滤器是否存在漏点。
由于MPPS计数法在我国并没有得到推广,加强MPPS记径计数法的试验研究和理论分析,是推广记径计数法在我国滤器、滤材测试上应用的基础。
With the development of modern technology, there is higher demand for control over aerosol particles both in size and number. Development of high-powered air-filtration materials and filters is required in clean air industry. Researches on filter testing methods are necessary to guarantee the renovation of filter industry. Without any revision over the past decades of years, the national standards for high efficiency filter paper testing currently used in China can not adaptive to the development of high efficiency paper industry. Though European standard for filter testing EN1822 becomes prevalent recent years, it is still immature and many problems need to be solved in practice in China.
Error analysis on the experiment data from MPPS(most penetrating particulate size)filter efficiency testing equipments demonstrates that the difference between testing result derived from one laser particle counter and that from two laser particle counters is acceptable if the testing equipment is reasonably designed. This paper also discusses the influence of the dilution part configuration on the testing result. The testing result derived with varied aerosol concentration has been proven inaccurate. The time period required for particle release equipment to be stable at the beginning of the testing is longer than that required in the testing process. The result accuracy is positively correlated with this time period. How to determine this time period has been discussed in this paper by experiment data analysis. One level lower filter paper is commonly chosen when producing filter with certain level efficiency. Such deviation is due to testing method difference of paper testing and filter testing. When these two matters are tested with the same method, filter manufacture should choose filter paper of the same efficiency level with the filters to be produced. Leak point detection method is also discussed in this paper. It indicates the varied air volume method can only work well for filters with large leak points, while it work poorly to detect leak points in small size.
The failure of the popularization of MPPS filter efficiency testing method barriers the course for the filter paper produced in China being recognized by the same industry abroad. To improve researches on problems about MPPS testing method to enhance its application on filter, filter material testing is the exact precondition that homemade air filter products being recognized in the international market.
通过对在自行研制的高效、超高效滤纸最易穿透粒径(MPPS)效率实验台和高效过滤器MPPS计数效率检测系统上取得的实验数据的分析和实验误差的计算,证明了在对测试系统进行合理设计的前提条件下,使用一台计数器与使用两台计数器所得的测试结果的差别是可以接受的。同时,对自行设计生产的稀释器的结构和误差之间的关系,以及稀释器标定误差对效率测试的影响进行了分析。论文通过对过滤器测试试验数据的分析,发现在气溶胶浓度变化过程中,测试得到的结果并不准确;发尘器开启至稳定状态比在测试过程中调节发尘器发尘量至稳定状态所需时间长。在测试时,测试的时间与测试的准确性是正相关的,即测试时间越长,测试结果越准确,并且通过对测试数据的分析可以计算得出合理得测试时间。
国内厂家生产过滤器时所选用的滤纸通常比过滤器的设计效率高一个等级,这是由于滤纸和滤器测试方法采用不同滤速造成的,当测试方法统一时,滤纸效率与过滤器效率是相同的。应用变风量过滤器检漏法检查过滤器是否存在漏点在滤器存在着较大漏点的情况下是可行的,但是当过滤器的漏点较小时,变风量检漏方法并不能准确的检测出过滤器是否存在漏点。
由于MPPS计数法在我国并没有得到推广,加强MPPS记径计数法的试验研究和理论分析,是推广记径计数法在我国滤器、滤材测试上应用的基础。
With the development of modern technology, there is higher demand for control over aerosol particles both in size and number. Development of high-powered air-filtration materials and filters is required in clean air industry. Researches on filter testing methods are necessary to guarantee the renovation of filter industry. Without any revision over the past decades of years, the national standards for high efficiency filter paper testing currently used in China can not adaptive to the development of high efficiency paper industry. Though European standard for filter testing EN1822 becomes prevalent recent years, it is still immature and many problems need to be solved in practice in China.
Error analysis on the experiment data from MPPS(most penetrating particulate size)filter efficiency testing equipments demonstrates that the difference between testing result derived from one laser particle counter and that from two laser particle counters is acceptable if the testing equipment is reasonably designed. This paper also discusses the influence of the dilution part configuration on the testing result. The testing result derived with varied aerosol concentration has been proven inaccurate. The time period required for particle release equipment to be stable at the beginning of the testing is longer than that required in the testing process. The result accuracy is positively correlated with this time period. How to determine this time period has been discussed in this paper by experiment data analysis. One level lower filter paper is commonly chosen when producing filter with certain level efficiency. Such deviation is due to testing method difference of paper testing and filter testing. When these two matters are tested with the same method, filter manufacture should choose filter paper of the same efficiency level with the filters to be produced. Leak point detection method is also discussed in this paper. It indicates the varied air volume method can only work well for filters with large leak points, while it work poorly to detect leak points in small size.
The failure of the popularization of MPPS filter efficiency testing method barriers the course for the filter paper produced in China being recognized by the same industry abroad. To improve researches on problems about MPPS testing method to enhance its application on filter, filter material testing is the exact precondition that homemade air filter products being recognized in the international market.
引文
[1]范存养,徐文华,空气洁净技术发展的若干现状,2003,(5、6):50～62
[2]赵荣义,0.1μm 粒子洁净技术研究,洁净与空调技术,1995,(1):2～ 6
[3]魏学孟,宋业辉,空气过滤器检测方法的新近展,洁净与空调技术,2000,(6):13～19
[4]黄保民,涂光备,新型空气过滤检测系统,暖通空调,2003,33(6),94～97
[5]Gustavsson J . New developments in air filter test methods and classification. Filtration and Separation , 1996 ,33(2) :155～160
[6]涂光备,凌继红,杨洁等编著. 制药工业的洁净与空调. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 1999
[7] Wepfer R. Characterisation of HEPA and UL PA filters by proposed new European test methods. Filtration and Separation ,1995 ,32 (6) :545～ 550
[8]BS EN1822 1998 High efficiency air filters(HEPA and UL PA)
[9]蔡杰著,空气过滤 ABC,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002
[10]邢松年,高效过滤器的检测方法及实际应用,医疗卫生装备,2005,26(1):29～31
[11]严德隆,HEPA/ULPA 过滤器性能测试方法评述,洁净与空调技术,2003,4:55～57
[12]R.Wepfer, Characterisation of HEPA and ULPA Filter by Proposed New European Testing Methods, Filtration and Separation,1995:545～550
[13]Norman Lifshutz and Mary Pierce, A general correlation of MPPS penetration as a function of face velocity with the model 8140 using the certitest 8160, 24th DOE/NCR Nuclear Air Cleaning and treatment Conference: 72～78
[14]邹志胜,高效空气过滤器最易穿透粒径效率测试台的研制,[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2005
[15]李永祥,高效空气滤纸过滤性能测试方法的研究,[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2004
[16]沈雪芬,空气过滤器在改善室内空气品质中的应用:[硕士学位论文],上海;同济大学,2000
[17]许钟麟,空气洁净技术原理,上海:同济大学出版社,1998
[18]付海明,沈恒根,气溶胶过滤捕集效率的理论研究,安全与环境学报,2003.10,3(5):54～58
[19]付海明、沈恒根,纤维过滤器过滤理论的研究进展,中国粉体技术,2003.2,9(1):41～46
[20]卢正勇编著,气溶胶科学引论,北京:原子能出版社,1999
[21]理查特.丹尼斯等编著、卢正勇译,气溶胶手册,北京:原子能出版社,1988
[22]H.A.Φykc著、顾震潮等译,气溶胶力学,北京:科学出版社,1960,198～199
[23]刘俊杰,朱能,尘埃粒子计数器计数损失的分析研究,洁净与空调技术,2002,(2):21～23
[24]刘俊杰,刘斌,王君山,光散射粒子计数器校正的讨论,洁净与空调技术,2001,(2):22～24
[25]Heidenreich and S. Friehmelt, Calibration of optical particle counters by means of an aerodynamic particle sizer, Journal of Aerosol Science, 1996,27(9), 345-346
[26]许玉望,流体力学泵与风机,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1995:123～125
[27]Da-Ren Chen and David Y.H.Pui Numerical and Experimental Studies of Particle Deposition in a Tube with a Conical Contraction-Laminar Flow Regime, Journal of Aerosol Science, 1995,26(4), 563-574
[28]Shintaro Sato, Da-Ren.Chen, David Y.H. Pui, Particle Transport at Low Pressure: Particle Deposition in a Tube with an Abrupt Contraction, Journal Aerosol Science, 2002,(33): 659~671
[29]杨通在,陈银亮,熊旺等,气溶胶粒子在毛细管中的沉积与再悬浮,中国环境科学,2003 23(4):344～234
[30]B.Alan Phillips and Wayne T. Davis, Investigation of the Effect of a Topically Applied Tackifier in Reducing Particle Bounce in a Melt-Blown Air Filter, Filtration & Separation, Nov/Dec 1996,933～939
[31]European Committee for Standardization, EN 1822-1 High Efficiency Air Filters (HEPA and ULPA) –Part 1: Classification, Performance Testing,Marking,1998
[32]European Committee for Standardization, EN 1822-2 High Efficiency Air Filters (HEPA and ULPA) –Part 2: Aerosol Production, Measuring Equipment, Particle Counting Statistics,1998
[33]European Committee for Standardization, EN 1822-3 High Efficiency Air Filters (HEPA and ULPA) –Part 3: Testing Flat Sheet Filter Media,1998
[34]European Committee for Standardization, EN 1822-4 High Efficiency Air Filters (HEPA and ULPA) –Part 4: Determining Leakage of Filter Element,2000
[35]European Committee for Standardization, EN 1822-5 High Efficiency Air Filters (HEPA and ULPA) –Part 5: Determining the Efficiency of Filter Element,2000
[36]Wenli Wang and Philip J. Winters, Statistically Significant Efficiency Testing of HEPA Filters, Journal of the IEST, 2004(47):101～106
[37]蔡杰,李永祥,一项民间的高效空气滤纸对比试验,洁净与空调技术,2004,(1):34～36
[38]张桂萍,空气过滤纸及其研究方向,天津造纸,1994,(2):4～6
[39]李永祥,刘俊杰,最易穿透粒径在高效超高效过滤器测试中的应用,洁净与空调技术,2002,(4):23~25
[40]马明建,周长城,数据采集与处理技术,西安:西安交通大学出版社
[41]张树兵,戴红,陈哲,Visual Basic 6.0 入门与提高,北京:清华大学出版社,1999.6
[2]赵荣义,0.1μm 粒子洁净技术研究,洁净与空调技术,1995,(1):2～ 6
[3]魏学孟,宋业辉,空气过滤器检测方法的新近展,洁净与空调技术,2000,(6):13～19
[4]黄保民,涂光备,新型空气过滤检测系统,暖通空调,2003,33(6),94～97
[5]Gustavsson J . New developments in air filter test methods and classification. Filtration and Separation , 1996 ,33(2) :155～160
[6]涂光备,凌继红,杨洁等编著. 制药工业的洁净与空调. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 1999
[7] Wepfer R. Characterisation of HEPA and UL PA filters by proposed new European test methods. Filtration and Separation ,1995 ,32 (6) :545～ 550
[8]BS EN1822 1998 High efficiency air filters(HEPA and UL PA)
[9]蔡杰著,空气过滤 ABC,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002
[10]邢松年,高效过滤器的检测方法及实际应用,医疗卫生装备,2005,26(1):29～31
[11]严德隆,HEPA/ULPA 过滤器性能测试方法评述,洁净与空调技术,2003,4:55～57
[12]R.Wepfer, Characterisation of HEPA and ULPA Filter by Proposed New European Testing Methods, Filtration and Separation,1995:545～550
[13]Norman Lifshutz and Mary Pierce, A general correlation of MPPS penetration as a function of face velocity with the model 8140 using the certitest 8160, 24th DOE/NCR Nuclear Air Cleaning and treatment Conference: 72～78
[14]邹志胜,高效空气过滤器最易穿透粒径效率测试台的研制,[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2005
[15]李永祥,高效空气滤纸过滤性能测试方法的研究,[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2004
[16]沈雪芬,空气过滤器在改善室内空气品质中的应用:[硕士学位论文],上海;同济大学,2000
[17]许钟麟,空气洁净技术原理,上海:同济大学出版社,1998
[18]付海明,沈恒根,气溶胶过滤捕集效率的理论研究,安全与环境学报,2003.10,3(5):54～58
[19]付海明、沈恒根,纤维过滤器过滤理论的研究进展,中国粉体技术,2003.2,9(1):41～46
[20]卢正勇编著,气溶胶科学引论,北京:原子能出版社,1999
[21]理查特.丹尼斯等编著、卢正勇译,气溶胶手册,北京:原子能出版社,1988
[22]H.A.Φykc著、顾震潮等译,气溶胶力学,北京:科学出版社,1960,198～199
[23]刘俊杰,朱能,尘埃粒子计数器计数损失的分析研究,洁净与空调技术,2002,(2):21～23
[24]刘俊杰,刘斌,王君山,光散射粒子计数器校正的讨论,洁净与空调技术,2001,(2):22～24
[25]Heidenreich and S. Friehmelt, Calibration of optical particle counters by means of an aerodynamic particle sizer, Journal of Aerosol Science, 1996,27(9), 345-346
[26]许玉望,流体力学泵与风机,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1995:123～125
[27]Da-Ren Chen and David Y.H.Pui Numerical and Experimental Studies of Particle Deposition in a Tube with a Conical Contraction-Laminar Flow Regime, Journal of Aerosol Science, 1995,26(4), 563-574
[28]Shintaro Sato, Da-Ren.Chen, David Y.H. Pui, Particle Transport at Low Pressure: Particle Deposition in a Tube with an Abrupt Contraction, Journal Aerosol Science, 2002,(33): 659~671
[29]杨通在,陈银亮,熊旺等,气溶胶粒子在毛细管中的沉积与再悬浮,中国环境科学,2003 23(4):344～234
[30]B.Alan Phillips and Wayne T. Davis, Investigation of the Effect of a Topically Applied Tackifier in Reducing Particle Bounce in a Melt-Blown Air Filter, Filtration & Separation, Nov/Dec 1996,933～939
[31]European Committee for Standardization, EN 1822-1 High Efficiency Air Filters (HEPA and ULPA) –Part 1: Classification, Performance Testing,Marking,1998
[32]European Committee for Standardization, EN 1822-2 High Efficiency Air Filters (HEPA and ULPA) –Part 2: Aerosol Production, Measuring Equipment, Particle Counting Statistics,1998
[33]European Committee for Standardization, EN 1822-3 High Efficiency Air Filters (HEPA and ULPA) –Part 3: Testing Flat Sheet Filter Media,1998
[34]European Committee for Standardization, EN 1822-4 High Efficiency Air Filters (HEPA and ULPA) –Part 4: Determining Leakage of Filter Element,2000
[35]European Committee for Standardization, EN 1822-5 High Efficiency Air Filters (HEPA and ULPA) –Part 5: Determining the Efficiency of Filter Element,2000
[36]Wenli Wang and Philip J. Winters, Statistically Significant Efficiency Testing of HEPA Filters, Journal of the IEST, 2004(47):101～106
[37]蔡杰,李永祥,一项民间的高效空气滤纸对比试验,洁净与空调技术,2004,(1):34～36
[38]张桂萍,空气过滤纸及其研究方向,天津造纸,1994,(2):4～6
[39]李永祥,刘俊杰,最易穿透粒径在高效超高效过滤器测试中的应用,洁净与空调技术,2002,(4):23~25
[40]马明建,周长城,数据采集与处理技术,西安:西安交通大学出版社
[41]张树兵,戴红,陈哲,Visual Basic 6.0 入门与提高,北京:清华大学出版社,1999.6