大跨度翼型桥梁抖振响应分析及风洞试验研究
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摘要
近年来,随着现代桥梁技术水平的不断提高,跨越大江大河甚至海峡的大桥不断涌现,这些大跨度桥梁必须克服自然风的作用。
目前研研究结构风荷载分布情况主要有现场实测、风洞试验和数值模拟计算三种方法,其中风洞试验是现阶段的主要手段,研究方法较为成熟。但风洞试验周期长,而且要消耗大量的人力和物力。现场实测只能在结构建成以后进行,而且花费更大,还受季节、场地等诸多因素的影响。计算机技术的发展为结构风荷载的数值模拟研究提供了新的方法和手段,它自出现起就成了风工程领域研究和发展的热点,相比传统方法它具有独特的优势。利用计算机数值模拟技术可以方便地对结构绕流风场进行模拟计算,得到风速和风压等物理量的分布特征,以此预测结构的规划和设计方案的优劣,并提出改进方案,使设计更加合理,提高设计质量和效率。
本文以天津海河柳林桥为研究对象,对其抗风性能,尤其是风振响应进行了深入研究。主要进行了以下几方面的工作:
首先,本文介绍了桥梁动力特性分析的有限元理论及计算方法,并采用空间梁系结构的有限元计算模型对天津海河柳林桥的结构动力特性进行了计算,得到其基本振型和频率。
其次,介绍了抖振基本理论和基于频域分析的抖振响应理论计算法,并利用Scanlan的准定常气动力公式计算抖振力和自激力并考虑气动导纳,用有限元CQC法发展了求解大跨度桥梁耦合抖振响应的有限元计算方法。
最后,对天津海河柳林桥进行了气弹模型风洞试验,采用尖劈加粗糙元装置模拟了桥址处的风环境,测试了不同风向角来流下,该桥主翼、次翼、主梁的抖振响应。
通过分析对比,得出了一些有理论意义和实用价值的结论,并且对设计提供了试验上的支持验证。
In recent years, with a modern bridge continuously raise the level of technology, even large rivers across the Strait Bridge will continue to emerge, these long-span bridges must overcome nature of the role of the wind.
Wind load on the current structure of distribution main site measurement, wind tunnel tests and numerical simulation of three methods, including wind tunnel tests at this stage is the primary means to study ways more mature. But wind-tunnel test long cycle, but also to consume a large amount of manpower and material. Measured at the scene only after the completion of the structure, but also spend more, but also by the season, venues, and many other factors. Computer technology for the development of wind load of numerical simulation study has provided new ways and means, it has since become a field of wind engineering research and development of hot spots, compared to traditional methods it has unique advantages. Using computer numerical simulation technology can easily flow around the structure to simulate wind, the wind speed and wind pressure, and so are the distribution of physical characteristics, as forecast in the planning and design of the merits of the programme and to improve the programme so that the design of more rational to improve Design quality and efficiency.
This paper bridge Liulin Haihe River in Tianjin for the study, its wind-resistant properties, especially the wind-induced response has conducted in-depth study. Mainly to the following aspects of work:
First of all, this paper bridge dynamic characteristics of finite element analysis of the theory and methods of computation and use of space beam structure of the finite element model of the Haihe River in Tianjin Liulin dynamic characteristics of the structure of the bridge were calculated. Get their basic mode and cycle.
Second, the buffeting on the basic theory and based on the analysis of the frequency domain buffeting response of theoretical calculations and the use of Scanlan Zhunding often aerodynamic buffeting of the formula and self-force and to consider aerodynamic admittance, the finite element method CQC Solving the development of large-span arch bridge buffeting response of the finite element method.
Finally, the Tianjin Haihe River Bridge Liulin a wind tunnel test model gas shells, split by a sharp increase rough yuan device simulation at the bridge site of the wind environment, testing a different angle to wind down, the bridge the main wing, the wing, the main beam Buffeting response.
Through the analysis contrast, obtained something to have the theory significance and the use value conclusion, and to designed has provided in the experimental support confirmation.
目前研研究结构风荷载分布情况主要有现场实测、风洞试验和数值模拟计算三种方法,其中风洞试验是现阶段的主要手段,研究方法较为成熟。但风洞试验周期长,而且要消耗大量的人力和物力。现场实测只能在结构建成以后进行,而且花费更大,还受季节、场地等诸多因素的影响。计算机技术的发展为结构风荷载的数值模拟研究提供了新的方法和手段,它自出现起就成了风工程领域研究和发展的热点,相比传统方法它具有独特的优势。利用计算机数值模拟技术可以方便地对结构绕流风场进行模拟计算,得到风速和风压等物理量的分布特征,以此预测结构的规划和设计方案的优劣,并提出改进方案,使设计更加合理,提高设计质量和效率。
本文以天津海河柳林桥为研究对象,对其抗风性能,尤其是风振响应进行了深入研究。主要进行了以下几方面的工作:
首先,本文介绍了桥梁动力特性分析的有限元理论及计算方法,并采用空间梁系结构的有限元计算模型对天津海河柳林桥的结构动力特性进行了计算,得到其基本振型和频率。
其次,介绍了抖振基本理论和基于频域分析的抖振响应理论计算法,并利用Scanlan的准定常气动力公式计算抖振力和自激力并考虑气动导纳,用有限元CQC法发展了求解大跨度桥梁耦合抖振响应的有限元计算方法。
最后,对天津海河柳林桥进行了气弹模型风洞试验,采用尖劈加粗糙元装置模拟了桥址处的风环境,测试了不同风向角来流下,该桥主翼、次翼、主梁的抖振响应。
通过分析对比,得出了一些有理论意义和实用价值的结论,并且对设计提供了试验上的支持验证。
In recent years, with a modern bridge continuously raise the level of technology, even large rivers across the Strait Bridge will continue to emerge, these long-span bridges must overcome nature of the role of the wind.
Wind load on the current structure of distribution main site measurement, wind tunnel tests and numerical simulation of three methods, including wind tunnel tests at this stage is the primary means to study ways more mature. But wind-tunnel test long cycle, but also to consume a large amount of manpower and material. Measured at the scene only after the completion of the structure, but also spend more, but also by the season, venues, and many other factors. Computer technology for the development of wind load of numerical simulation study has provided new ways and means, it has since become a field of wind engineering research and development of hot spots, compared to traditional methods it has unique advantages. Using computer numerical simulation technology can easily flow around the structure to simulate wind, the wind speed and wind pressure, and so are the distribution of physical characteristics, as forecast in the planning and design of the merits of the programme and to improve the programme so that the design of more rational to improve Design quality and efficiency.
This paper bridge Liulin Haihe River in Tianjin for the study, its wind-resistant properties, especially the wind-induced response has conducted in-depth study. Mainly to the following aspects of work:
First of all, this paper bridge dynamic characteristics of finite element analysis of the theory and methods of computation and use of space beam structure of the finite element model of the Haihe River in Tianjin Liulin dynamic characteristics of the structure of the bridge were calculated. Get their basic mode and cycle.
Second, the buffeting on the basic theory and based on the analysis of the frequency domain buffeting response of theoretical calculations and the use of Scanlan Zhunding often aerodynamic buffeting of the formula and self-force and to consider aerodynamic admittance, the finite element method CQC Solving the development of large-span arch bridge buffeting response of the finite element method.
Finally, the Tianjin Haihe River Bridge Liulin a wind tunnel test model gas shells, split by a sharp increase rough yuan device simulation at the bridge site of the wind environment, testing a different angle to wind down, the bridge the main wing, the wing, the main beam Buffeting response.
Through the analysis contrast, obtained something to have the theory significance and the use value conclusion, and to designed has provided in the experimental support confirmation.
引文
[1] Liepmann H.W. On the application of statistical concepts to the buffeting peoblem. Joural of Aeronautical Science. 1952
[2] Davenport A.G, Buffeting of a suspension bridge by storm winds[J]. Structural Division, ASCE. 1962
[3] Davenport A.G, A Statistical approach to the treatment of wind loading on tall masts and suspension bridges:[Ph.Dthesis].University of Bristol, 1961
[4] Davenport A.G, The application of statistical concepts to the wind loading of structures, Proc. the Institute of Civil Engineers, London, UK, 1961
[5] Davenport A.G, The response of slender, line-like structures to a gusty wind, Proc.Institution of Civil Engineers, London, 1962
[6] Davenport A.G, The spectrum of horizontal gustiness near the ground in high winds[J]. Royal Meteorological.Society, 1961
[7] Sears W.R, Some aspects of non-stationary airfoil theory and its practical application. Journal of Aeronautical Science, 1941
[8] Xu Y.LSun D.K, Ko J.M, Lin J.H. Buffeting analysis of long-span bridge:a new algorithm Computers and Structure , 1998
[9] Sarkar P.P, Jones N.P, Scanlan R.H. Identification of aeroelastic parameters of flexible bridges[J]. Eng. Mech, 1994
[10] Jones N.P, Jain A, Scanlan R.H. Multimode coupled flutter and buffeting analysis of Structure Congress[J]. ASCE.Atlanta, Georgia, 1994
[11] Jain A,Jones N P, Scanlan R H.Coupled flutter and buffering analysis of long-span bridges.Jstruct Engrg ASCE, 122(7), 1996
[12] Scanlan R H, Sabzevari A.Experimental aerodynamics coefficient in the analytical study ofsuspension bridges flutter.J of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, Vol.11,No.3,1969
[13] Sarker P P, Jones N P, Scanlan R H.Identification of aerolastic parameters of flexible bridges.J.Engineering Mechanics ASCE,Vol 120,1994
[14] 项海帆等,现代桥梁抗风理论与实践[M].北京：人民交通出版社, 2005
[15]胡晓伦,大跨度斜拉桥颤抖振响应及静风稳定性分析[D].同济大学申请博士学位论文,2006
[16]韩艳,桥梁结构复气动导纳函数与抖振精细化研究[D].湖南大学申请博士学位论文,2007
[17]丁泉顺,大跨度桥梁耦合颤抖振响应的精细化分析[D].同济大学申请博士学位论文,2001
[18]周述华,非线性抖振响应仿真分析[D].西南交通大学,1993
[19]刘春华,大跨度桥梁抖振响应的非线性时程分析[D].同济大学申请博士论文,1995
[20]蒋永林,斜拉桥抖振响应分析[D].西南交通大学申请博士论文,2000
[21]张志田,大跨度桥梁非线性抖振及其对抗风稳定性影响的研究[D].同济大学申请博士论文,2004
[22]康小英,桥塔独塔施工阶段抖振响应分析及制振措施的研究[D].西南交通大学申请硕士论文,2002
[23]李永乐,周述华,强士中,大跨度斜拉桥三维脉动风场模拟[J].土木工程学报,2003
[24]丁全顺,陈艾荣,项海帆,大跨度桥梁空间脉动风场的计算机模拟[J].力学季刊,2006
[25]韩万水,风—汽车—桥梁系统空间耦合振动研究[D].同济大学申请博士论文,2006
[26]陈政清,桥梁风工程[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2005
[27]美国ANSYS公司,ANSYS Advancend Analysis Guide.1994
[28]曾宪武,韩大建,大跨桥梁风致抖振时域分析及在ANSYS中的实现[J].桥梁建设,2004
[29]华孝良,徐光辉,桥梁结构非线性分析[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1997
[30]美国ANSYS公司,非线性分析指南.2000
[31]美国ANSYS公司,动力学分析指南.2000
[32]王勖成,邵敏,有限单元法基本原理和数值方法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1997
[33]埃米尔希缪,罗伯特H斯坎伦著,刘尚培,项海帆,谢霁明译,风对结构的作用.[M],同济大学出版社,1992
[34]胡晓红,大跨度拱桥等效风荷载试验研究,硕士学位论文同济大学,2002
[35]顾明等,广东汕头海湾大桥全桥气动弹性模型风洞试验研究,同济大学学报[J]1994
[36]李会知等,西陵长江大桥全桥气动弹性模型风洞试验研究[J]空气动力学学报1997
[37]何伟,西陵长江大桥的风洞试验[J]中国三峡建设1996
[38]项海帆等,《公路桥梁抗风设计指南》,人民交通出版社,1996
[39]庞加斌,林志兴,陆烨,关于风洞中用尖劈和粗糙元模拟大气边界层的讨论[J]流体力学实验与测量2004
[40]博嘉科技编著,有限元分析软件:ANSYS融会与贯通.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002
[41]叶先磊,史亚杰,ANSYS 工程分析软件应用实例,北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[42]谭建国,使用ANSYS6.0进行有限元分析.第一版.北京:北京大学出版社,2002
[2] Davenport A.G, Buffeting of a suspension bridge by storm winds[J]. Structural Division, ASCE. 1962
[3] Davenport A.G, A Statistical approach to the treatment of wind loading on tall masts and suspension bridges:[Ph.Dthesis].University of Bristol, 1961
[4] Davenport A.G, The application of statistical concepts to the wind loading of structures, Proc. the Institute of Civil Engineers, London, UK, 1961
[5] Davenport A.G, The response of slender, line-like structures to a gusty wind, Proc.Institution of Civil Engineers, London, 1962
[6] Davenport A.G, The spectrum of horizontal gustiness near the ground in high winds[J]. Royal Meteorological.Society, 1961
[7] Sears W.R, Some aspects of non-stationary airfoil theory and its practical application. Journal of Aeronautical Science, 1941
[8] Xu Y.LSun D.K, Ko J.M, Lin J.H. Buffeting analysis of long-span bridge:a new algorithm Computers and Structure , 1998
[9] Sarkar P.P, Jones N.P, Scanlan R.H. Identification of aeroelastic parameters of flexible bridges[J]. Eng. Mech, 1994
[10] Jones N.P, Jain A, Scanlan R.H. Multimode coupled flutter and buffeting analysis of Structure Congress[J]. ASCE.Atlanta, Georgia, 1994
[11] Jain A,Jones N P, Scanlan R H.Coupled flutter and buffering analysis of long-span bridges.Jstruct Engrg ASCE, 122(7), 1996
[12] Scanlan R H, Sabzevari A.Experimental aerodynamics coefficient in the analytical study ofsuspension bridges flutter.J of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, Vol.11,No.3,1969
[13] Sarker P P, Jones N P, Scanlan R H.Identification of aerolastic parameters of flexible bridges.J.Engineering Mechanics ASCE,Vol 120,1994
[14] 项海帆等,现代桥梁抗风理论与实践[M].北京：人民交通出版社, 2005
[15]胡晓伦,大跨度斜拉桥颤抖振响应及静风稳定性分析[D].同济大学申请博士学位论文,2006
[16]韩艳,桥梁结构复气动导纳函数与抖振精细化研究[D].湖南大学申请博士学位论文,2007
[17]丁泉顺,大跨度桥梁耦合颤抖振响应的精细化分析[D].同济大学申请博士学位论文,2001
[18]周述华,非线性抖振响应仿真分析[D].西南交通大学,1993
[19]刘春华,大跨度桥梁抖振响应的非线性时程分析[D].同济大学申请博士论文,1995
[20]蒋永林,斜拉桥抖振响应分析[D].西南交通大学申请博士论文,2000
[21]张志田,大跨度桥梁非线性抖振及其对抗风稳定性影响的研究[D].同济大学申请博士论文,2004
[22]康小英,桥塔独塔施工阶段抖振响应分析及制振措施的研究[D].西南交通大学申请硕士论文,2002
[23]李永乐,周述华,强士中,大跨度斜拉桥三维脉动风场模拟[J].土木工程学报,2003
[24]丁全顺,陈艾荣,项海帆,大跨度桥梁空间脉动风场的计算机模拟[J].力学季刊,2006
[25]韩万水,风—汽车—桥梁系统空间耦合振动研究[D].同济大学申请博士论文,2006
[26]陈政清,桥梁风工程[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2005
[27]美国ANSYS公司,ANSYS Advancend Analysis Guide.1994
[28]曾宪武,韩大建,大跨桥梁风致抖振时域分析及在ANSYS中的实现[J].桥梁建设,2004
[29]华孝良,徐光辉,桥梁结构非线性分析[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1997
[30]美国ANSYS公司,非线性分析指南.2000
[31]美国ANSYS公司,动力学分析指南.2000
[32]王勖成,邵敏,有限单元法基本原理和数值方法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1997
[33]埃米尔希缪,罗伯特H斯坎伦著,刘尚培,项海帆,谢霁明译,风对结构的作用.[M],同济大学出版社,1992
[34]胡晓红,大跨度拱桥等效风荷载试验研究,硕士学位论文同济大学,2002
[35]顾明等,广东汕头海湾大桥全桥气动弹性模型风洞试验研究,同济大学学报[J]1994
[36]李会知等,西陵长江大桥全桥气动弹性模型风洞试验研究[J]空气动力学学报1997
[37]何伟,西陵长江大桥的风洞试验[J]中国三峡建设1996
[38]项海帆等,《公路桥梁抗风设计指南》,人民交通出版社,1996
[39]庞加斌,林志兴,陆烨,关于风洞中用尖劈和粗糙元模拟大气边界层的讨论[J]流体力学实验与测量2004
[40]博嘉科技编著,有限元分析软件:ANSYS融会与贯通.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002
[41]叶先磊,史亚杰,ANSYS 工程分析软件应用实例,北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[42]谭建国,使用ANSYS6.0进行有限元分析.第一版.北京:北京大学出版社,2002