基于矩量法的微带天线优化设计
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摘要
随着现代无线通信技术的迅速发展和应用,使得通信系统不断向集成化以及高性能化的方向发展。分析设计紧凑的、高性能的微带天线已成为当前国内外研究的前沿课题之一。本论文以矩量法(MOM)这一数值计算工具为基础,对增加微带天线的带宽、提高增益、以及减小微带天线之间的互耦进行研究。论文主要包括三个方面的内容:
首先,利用互易定理,导出无限大地板模型下的积分方程,用脉冲基函数对电流展开进行矩量法求解;另外,把探针馈电方式简化为面结构的馈电模型,利用体面积分方程(VSIE)对有限大地板模型下的微带天线计算分析。通过与HFSS仿真软件的计算结果以及实验结果的对比,来判定矩量法计算的正确性。
其次,结合遗传算法(GA),通过改变微带贴片形状,把微带贴片剖分为矩形的小贴片,对其编码和各种操作,使其满足一定的带宽要求。由于矩量法中阻抗矩阵与遗传算法中染色体的编码串都与微带贴片的分割单元相联系,而脉冲基函数对应的是矩形剖分单元,所以计算比较简单。本论文分别对不同介质厚度的微带天线优化,优化结果说明了算法的有效性。
最后,用等效电路模型对电磁带隙结构(EBG)的单元间距、单元尺寸等参数做了分析。通过对不同形式电磁带隙结构微带天线的计算,考查了电磁带隙结构对微带天线增益、带宽的作用,计算结果说明参数合理的电磁带隙结构的应用对提高微带天线增益、增加微带天线的带宽有一定的作用;另外,把电磁带隙结构应用到微带天线阵列中,分别计算了不同间距的电磁带隙结构二元微带天线阵,计算结果说明其对减小微带天线之间的互耦具有明显的作用,降低了8.3dB。
With the fast development and the wide application of the modern wireless communications technology, the communications systems are required to be compact and high-performance. The design of compact and heigh-performance microstrip antenna is becoming one of the most advanced subjects at home and in the world. In this dissertation, the problems that how to increase the band width, how to improve gain of the microstrip antenna, and how to reduce the mutual coupling between microstrip antennas are studied based on the method of moments(MOM).The dissertation is classified into three parts stated as follows.
Firstly, the integral equation of the infinite floor model, which is solved by the method of moments, is derived based on the reciprocity theorem; otherwise, to simplify the probe feed model ,the finite floor model of the microstrip antenna is analyzed based on the volume and surface integral equation(VSIE).The algorithm are validated by contrasting the results with the results of the HFSS and the experiment.
Secondly, the genetic algorithm(GA) is used for optimizing the bandwidth via changing the patch shap. The short rectangular patchs divided by the patch are coded and operated by genetic algorithm operation, and than the patch will besatisfy the certain request of the band width. Because the impedance matrix and the chromosome code string are all related with the element of the divgision, and the pulse base function is corresponding with the rectangular unit, it is easy to calculate. this dissertation discusses two microstrip antennae different thickness medium, and the optimization results show the effectiveness of the algorithm.
At last, the unit spacing and cell size of the electromagnetics band-gap(EBG) are studied with the equivalent circuit model. this dissertation studied the gain and the bandwidth effected by EBG via calculating different forms EBG structure microstrip antennae. The results show that the EBG structure wit reasonable parameters is useful for improving the gain of the microstrip antenna and increasing the bandwidth. otherwise, the EBG structure is applied into the microstrip antenna array. this dissertation calculates two different distance microstrip antenna arrays. The results shows that mutual coupling is significantly reduced from -14.4dB to -23.7dB.
首先,利用互易定理,导出无限大地板模型下的积分方程,用脉冲基函数对电流展开进行矩量法求解;另外,把探针馈电方式简化为面结构的馈电模型,利用体面积分方程(VSIE)对有限大地板模型下的微带天线计算分析。通过与HFSS仿真软件的计算结果以及实验结果的对比,来判定矩量法计算的正确性。
其次,结合遗传算法(GA),通过改变微带贴片形状,把微带贴片剖分为矩形的小贴片,对其编码和各种操作,使其满足一定的带宽要求。由于矩量法中阻抗矩阵与遗传算法中染色体的编码串都与微带贴片的分割单元相联系,而脉冲基函数对应的是矩形剖分单元,所以计算比较简单。本论文分别对不同介质厚度的微带天线优化,优化结果说明了算法的有效性。
最后,用等效电路模型对电磁带隙结构(EBG)的单元间距、单元尺寸等参数做了分析。通过对不同形式电磁带隙结构微带天线的计算,考查了电磁带隙结构对微带天线增益、带宽的作用,计算结果说明参数合理的电磁带隙结构的应用对提高微带天线增益、增加微带天线的带宽有一定的作用;另外,把电磁带隙结构应用到微带天线阵列中,分别计算了不同间距的电磁带隙结构二元微带天线阵,计算结果说明其对减小微带天线之间的互耦具有明显的作用,降低了8.3dB。
With the fast development and the wide application of the modern wireless communications technology, the communications systems are required to be compact and high-performance. The design of compact and heigh-performance microstrip antenna is becoming one of the most advanced subjects at home and in the world. In this dissertation, the problems that how to increase the band width, how to improve gain of the microstrip antenna, and how to reduce the mutual coupling between microstrip antennas are studied based on the method of moments(MOM).The dissertation is classified into three parts stated as follows.
Firstly, the integral equation of the infinite floor model, which is solved by the method of moments, is derived based on the reciprocity theorem; otherwise, to simplify the probe feed model ,the finite floor model of the microstrip antenna is analyzed based on the volume and surface integral equation(VSIE).The algorithm are validated by contrasting the results with the results of the HFSS and the experiment.
Secondly, the genetic algorithm(GA) is used for optimizing the bandwidth via changing the patch shap. The short rectangular patchs divided by the patch are coded and operated by genetic algorithm operation, and than the patch will besatisfy the certain request of the band width. Because the impedance matrix and the chromosome code string are all related with the element of the divgision, and the pulse base function is corresponding with the rectangular unit, it is easy to calculate. this dissertation discusses two microstrip antennae different thickness medium, and the optimization results show the effectiveness of the algorithm.
At last, the unit spacing and cell size of the electromagnetics band-gap(EBG) are studied with the equivalent circuit model. this dissertation studied the gain and the bandwidth effected by EBG via calculating different forms EBG structure microstrip antennae. The results show that the EBG structure wit reasonable parameters is useful for improving the gain of the microstrip antenna and increasing the bandwidth. otherwise, the EBG structure is applied into the microstrip antenna array. this dissertation calculates two different distance microstrip antenna arrays. The results shows that mutual coupling is significantly reduced from -14.4dB to -23.7dB.
引文
[1] Lars Josefsson and Patrik Persson. Conformal Array Antenna Theory and Design. New Jersey, John Wiley&Sons,Inc,2006,1-9
[2]谢处方.近代天线理论.成都:成都电讯工程学院出版社,1987,208-240
[3] Lo Y.T., Solomon D., etal. Theory and experiment on microstrip antennas. IEEE Transactions on antennas and Propagation, 1979,vol.27,137-145,
[4] Michalski K.A. Discrete Complex Image Mixed-potential Integral Equation Analysis of Microstrip patch Antennas with Vertical Probe Feeds. Electromagnetics, 1995,15(4),377-392
[5]贺秀莲,龚书喜,刘其中.采用二级离散复镜像法分析同轴馈电微带天线的输入阻抗.西安电子科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,32(4),579-583
[6]张需溥,钟顺时.小型化蝶形微带天线的全波分析.上海大学学报(自然科学版),2001, 7(2),95-99
[7]李晋文,毛钧杰.全等效电流积分方程法分析微带天线.微波学报,2003,19(2),1-5
[8] Ning Yuan, Tat Soon Yeo, Xiao-Chun Nie, etal. Analysis of Probed-Fed Conformal Microstrip Antennas on Finite Grounded Substrate. IEEE Transactions on antennas and Propagation, 2006, 54(2), 554-563
[9] Ouyang J,Yang F,Yang S W,et.al. Exact simulation method VSWIE+MLFMA for analysis radiation pattern of probe-feed conformal microstrip antennas and the application of synthesis radiation pattern of conformal array mounted on finite-length PEC circular cylinder with des. Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications,2007,21(14):1995-2008
[10] J.Michael Johnson and Yahya Ranmat-samii. Genetic Algorithm Optimization and its Application to Antenna Design.IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society. AP-S International Symposium (Digest), 1994, 1: 20~24.
[11] J.Michael Johnson and Yahya Ranmat-samii. Genetic Algorithms in Engineering Electromagnetics. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, 1997, 39(4), 7~21.
[12] J.Michael Johnson and Yahya Ranmat-samii.Genetic Algorithms and Method of Moments (GA/MOM)): Anovel integration for antenna design.IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society. AP-S International Symposium (Digest), 1997, 3,1664~1667
[13] Himdi M.,Daniel J.P. ,Synthesis of Slot Coupled Loaded Patch Antennas using a GeneticAlgorithm through Various Examples. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society. AP-S International Symposium (Digest), 1997, 3:1700~1703.
[14] M. Villegas and O. Picon, Creation of New Shapes for Resonant Microstrip Structures by means of Genetic Algorithms. Electron.Lett, 1997, 33(18), 1509~1510.
[15] B. Aljibouri, E. G.Lim, H. Evans,etc. Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm Approach for a Dual-feed Circular Polarized Patch Antenna Design. Electronics Letters, 2000, 36(12), 1005 ~1006
[16] H. Choo, A. Hutanni, L. C. Trintinalia, etc. Shape Optimization of Broadband Microstrip Antennas using Genetic Algorithm. Electronics Letters, 2000, 36(25), 2057~2058
[17] Choo H.,Ling H. Design of Broadband and Dual-band Microstrip Antennas on a High-dielectric Substrate using a Genetic Algorithm. IEE Proceedings: Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation. 2003,150.
[18] Spence, T.G., Werner, D.H., Groff, R.D. Genetic Algorithm Optimization of some Novel Broadband and Multi-band Microstrip Antennas. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, AP-S International Symposium (Digest), vol.4; IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Symposium 2004 Digest held in Conjunction with: USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, 2004
[19] Pichitpong Soontornpipit, Cynthia M. Furse and You Chung Chung. Miniaturized Biocompatible Microstrip Antenna Using Genetic Algorithm. IEEE Transactions on antennas and Propagation,2005,53(6),1939~1945
[20]杨帆,张雪霞.遗传算法在微带天线优化中的应用.电子学报,2000,28(9),92-96
[21]张亚斌,黎滨洪,刘毅军.国际海事卫星地面终端天线阵单元的设计.上海交通大学学报.,2004,62~64
[22]陈文俊,黎滨洪,谢涛.蝶形微带天线谐振频率公式的修正及应用.上海交通大学学报,2005, 653~655
[23] Dan Sievenpiper,Lijun Zhang,Romulo F, etal. Heigh-impedence electromagnetic surfaces with a forbidden frequency band. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory and Techques, 1999, 47(11), 2059-2074
[24] Y.Qian,R.Coccioli,D.Sievenpiper,etc. A microstrip patch antenna using novel photonic band-gap strctures. Microwave.1999,42(1),66-76
[25] F.Yang,and Y.Rahmat-Samii,A low profile circularly polarized curl antenna over electromagnetic bandgap surface.Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 2001, 31(3),165-168
[26] F.Yang,and Y.Rahmat-Samii. Microstrip antennas integrated with electromagnetic band-gapstructures: a low mutual coupling design for array applications. IEEE Transactions on antennas and Propagation, 2003, 51, 2936-2946
[27]杨绍华,张福顺,焦永昌.EBG结构的小型圆极化微带天线.电子学报,2004,11 1930-1932
[28]李英明,钟顺时.新型光子带隙微带贴片天线.微波学报, 2005,21(3),39-42
[29]闫敦豹、付云起、张国华等. EBG结构在微带天线阵中的应用.微波学报,2005,第21卷增刊,75-78
[30]付云起,袁乃昌.微波光子晶体天线技术.北京:国防工业出版社,2006,67-71
[31]郭健,沈泉.一种用于共形相控阵的宽频带宽波束双圆极化微带贴片天线.测控与通信,2006,30(4),9-12
[32] R.F.Harrington,Field Computation by Moment Methods,MacMillan Co.,NewYork,1968
[33] M.I.Aksun and Raj Mitrra. Choices of Expansion and Testing Function for the Method of Moments Applied to a Class of Electromagnetics Problenms. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory and Techniques, 1993,41(3)
[34] Sergey N.Makarov. Antenna and EM Modeling with MATLAB A JOHN WILEY&SONS,INC.,PUBLICATION,57-63
[35]陈默,田茂.蝶形天线的计算机仿真设计.《微机算计信息》(测控自动化),2006,22(2):255-256
[36]凌峰,方大纲.用谱域导抗法推导平面分层介质格林函数的一般表达式.微波学报,1996,12,83-88
[37] Deshpande M.D., Input impedence of microstrip antennas. IEEE Transactions on antennas and Propagation, 1982, 30(4),645-650
[38] Huang J., The finite ground plane effect on the microstrip antenna radiation pattern, IEEE Transactions on antennas and Propagation,. 1983, 31,649-653
[39]陈国良,王熙法,庄镇泉等.遗传算法及其应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,1996,1-200
[40]韩荣苍.基于遗传算法的阵列天线综合.电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2006,7-11
[41] Lale Alstan, M.I.Aksun. Use of Computationally Efficient Method of Moments in the Optimization of Printed Antenn
[2]谢处方.近代天线理论.成都:成都电讯工程学院出版社,1987,208-240
[3] Lo Y.T., Solomon D., etal. Theory and experiment on microstrip antennas. IEEE Transactions on antennas and Propagation, 1979,vol.27,137-145,
[4] Michalski K.A. Discrete Complex Image Mixed-potential Integral Equation Analysis of Microstrip patch Antennas with Vertical Probe Feeds. Electromagnetics, 1995,15(4),377-392
[5]贺秀莲,龚书喜,刘其中.采用二级离散复镜像法分析同轴馈电微带天线的输入阻抗.西安电子科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,32(4),579-583
[6]张需溥,钟顺时.小型化蝶形微带天线的全波分析.上海大学学报(自然科学版),2001, 7(2),95-99
[7]李晋文,毛钧杰.全等效电流积分方程法分析微带天线.微波学报,2003,19(2),1-5
[8] Ning Yuan, Tat Soon Yeo, Xiao-Chun Nie, etal. Analysis of Probed-Fed Conformal Microstrip Antennas on Finite Grounded Substrate. IEEE Transactions on antennas and Propagation, 2006, 54(2), 554-563
[9] Ouyang J,Yang F,Yang S W,et.al. Exact simulation method VSWIE+MLFMA for analysis radiation pattern of probe-feed conformal microstrip antennas and the application of synthesis radiation pattern of conformal array mounted on finite-length PEC circular cylinder with des. Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications,2007,21(14):1995-2008
[10] J.Michael Johnson and Yahya Ranmat-samii. Genetic Algorithm Optimization and its Application to Antenna Design.IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society. AP-S International Symposium (Digest), 1994, 1: 20~24.
[11] J.Michael Johnson and Yahya Ranmat-samii. Genetic Algorithms in Engineering Electromagnetics. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, 1997, 39(4), 7~21.
[12] J.Michael Johnson and Yahya Ranmat-samii.Genetic Algorithms and Method of Moments (GA/MOM)): Anovel integration for antenna design.IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society. AP-S International Symposium (Digest), 1997, 3,1664~1667
[13] Himdi M.,Daniel J.P. ,Synthesis of Slot Coupled Loaded Patch Antennas using a GeneticAlgorithm through Various Examples. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society. AP-S International Symposium (Digest), 1997, 3:1700~1703.
[14] M. Villegas and O. Picon, Creation of New Shapes for Resonant Microstrip Structures by means of Genetic Algorithms. Electron.Lett, 1997, 33(18), 1509~1510.
[15] B. Aljibouri, E. G.Lim, H. Evans,etc. Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm Approach for a Dual-feed Circular Polarized Patch Antenna Design. Electronics Letters, 2000, 36(12), 1005 ~1006
[16] H. Choo, A. Hutanni, L. C. Trintinalia, etc. Shape Optimization of Broadband Microstrip Antennas using Genetic Algorithm. Electronics Letters, 2000, 36(25), 2057~2058
[17] Choo H.,Ling H. Design of Broadband and Dual-band Microstrip Antennas on a High-dielectric Substrate using a Genetic Algorithm. IEE Proceedings: Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation. 2003,150.
[18] Spence, T.G., Werner, D.H., Groff, R.D. Genetic Algorithm Optimization of some Novel Broadband and Multi-band Microstrip Antennas. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, AP-S International Symposium (Digest), vol.4; IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Symposium 2004 Digest held in Conjunction with: USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, 2004
[19] Pichitpong Soontornpipit, Cynthia M. Furse and You Chung Chung. Miniaturized Biocompatible Microstrip Antenna Using Genetic Algorithm. IEEE Transactions on antennas and Propagation,2005,53(6),1939~1945
[20]杨帆,张雪霞.遗传算法在微带天线优化中的应用.电子学报,2000,28(9),92-96
[21]张亚斌,黎滨洪,刘毅军.国际海事卫星地面终端天线阵单元的设计.上海交通大学学报.,2004,62~64
[22]陈文俊,黎滨洪,谢涛.蝶形微带天线谐振频率公式的修正及应用.上海交通大学学报,2005, 653~655
[23] Dan Sievenpiper,Lijun Zhang,Romulo F, etal. Heigh-impedence electromagnetic surfaces with a forbidden frequency band. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory and Techques, 1999, 47(11), 2059-2074
[24] Y.Qian,R.Coccioli,D.Sievenpiper,etc. A microstrip patch antenna using novel photonic band-gap strctures. Microwave.1999,42(1),66-76
[25] F.Yang,and Y.Rahmat-Samii,A low profile circularly polarized curl antenna over electromagnetic bandgap surface.Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 2001, 31(3),165-168
[26] F.Yang,and Y.Rahmat-Samii. Microstrip antennas integrated with electromagnetic band-gapstructures: a low mutual coupling design for array applications. IEEE Transactions on antennas and Propagation, 2003, 51, 2936-2946
[27]杨绍华,张福顺,焦永昌.EBG结构的小型圆极化微带天线.电子学报,2004,11 1930-1932
[28]李英明,钟顺时.新型光子带隙微带贴片天线.微波学报, 2005,21(3),39-42
[29]闫敦豹、付云起、张国华等. EBG结构在微带天线阵中的应用.微波学报,2005,第21卷增刊,75-78
[30]付云起,袁乃昌.微波光子晶体天线技术.北京:国防工业出版社,2006,67-71
[31]郭健,沈泉.一种用于共形相控阵的宽频带宽波束双圆极化微带贴片天线.测控与通信,2006,30(4),9-12
[32] R.F.Harrington,Field Computation by Moment Methods,MacMillan Co.,NewYork,1968
[33] M.I.Aksun and Raj Mitrra. Choices of Expansion and Testing Function for the Method of Moments Applied to a Class of Electromagnetics Problenms. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory and Techniques, 1993,41(3)
[34] Sergey N.Makarov. Antenna and EM Modeling with MATLAB A JOHN WILEY&SONS,INC.,PUBLICATION,57-63
[35]陈默,田茂.蝶形天线的计算机仿真设计.《微机算计信息》(测控自动化),2006,22(2):255-256
[36]凌峰,方大纲.用谱域导抗法推导平面分层介质格林函数的一般表达式.微波学报,1996,12,83-88
[37] Deshpande M.D., Input impedence of microstrip antennas. IEEE Transactions on antennas and Propagation, 1982, 30(4),645-650
[38] Huang J., The finite ground plane effect on the microstrip antenna radiation pattern, IEEE Transactions on antennas and Propagation,. 1983, 31,649-653
[39]陈国良,王熙法,庄镇泉等.遗传算法及其应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,1996,1-200
[40]韩荣苍.基于遗传算法的阵列天线综合.电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2006,7-11
[41] Lale Alstan, M.I.Aksun. Use of Computationally Efficient Method of Moments in the Optimization of Printed Antenn