混凝土面板堆石坝变形特性三维有限元仿真分析
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摘要
混凝土面板堆石坝现已成为世界上公认的一种比较经济的坝型,该坝型自20世纪80年代引入我国以来得到了蓬勃的发展,现已成为我国水利水电建设事业最具比选的坝型之一。近些年来,随着人们在强震、高寒、深厚覆盖层和复杂工程地质上筑坝,面板的变形、应力及周边缝、面板缝的止水结构就成为面板堆石坝安全的关键。如何尽量减小面板的变形、如何保证面板的应力在许可范围内、如何选择、设置止水形式使之适应缝的变形都是人们越来越关心的问题,因此,深入分析影响面板堆石坝面板及堆石料变形的影响因数,周边缝、面板缝和趾板缝的变形情况对于全面了解面板堆石坝的工作性能,确保坝体安全工作,以及为以后的面板堆石坝设计、施工提供技术参考等都具有重要的理论价值和实际意义。
本文主要针对上述问题进行了深入研究,全文共分为两大部分。
第一部分首先对面板堆石坝三维有限元计算本构模型进行总结分析,选出比较适合本文计算的本构。其次对混凝土面板堆石坝的应力变形特性进行分析总结,分析总结出堆石体及面板的应力变形特性规律及变形的影响因素、面板垂直缝及周边缝受力变形特点。最后建立九龙河某水电站混凝土面板堆石坝的三维计算模型,对水电站面板堆石坝在竣工期和蓄水期两种工况下的应力变形进行模拟计算。计算总结得出,该电站大坝是安全的,但在蓄水期面板上出现了较大的拉应力区,且最大拉应力已经超出了混凝土的最大承受值,在坝体的两侧靠近山体附近垂直缝的拉张较大,应采取措施改善面板及垂直缝的受力情况。
第二部分是对水电站直线型混凝土面板堆石坝改为拱型混凝土面板堆石坝的可行性进行研究。主要是建立拱型混凝土面板堆石坝的三维计算模型,对坝体、面板、垂直缝及周边缝应力变形情况进行计算,并与直线型混凝土面板堆石坝的计算结果进行对比分析。结果表明以拱型混凝土面板堆石坝代替直线型混凝土面板堆石坝,可以有效地降低面板靠近两岸部位的拉应力区,且不显著增加面板中央部位的压应力,同时也有效的降低了垂直缝的拉开程度。因此,拱型面板堆石坝、折线型面板更有利于大坝的安全。
本文的研究不仅为九龙河某水电站工程的安全、顺利进行打下了基础,而且本文提出的用拱型面板堆石坝代替直线型面板堆石坝的研究成果,可以作为其它同类工程的参考,具有重要的理论价值和实际意义。
The concrete-faced rock-fill dam (CFRD) has become one of the most economical dam types. Since the type of dam was introduced into our country, it has been flourishing.Nowadays, CFRD has been taken as one choice of dam types in water conservancy and hydropower construction of our country.In recent years, as CFRD engineers build dams on the strong-earthquake high-cold area, deep alluvium and complex engineering geology foundation, the deformation, stress , peripheral seam, and water-seal structure of slab joint have been the main problem of CFRD security. How to reduce the face plate deformation as far as possible , make the face plate stress in the certain scope, choose and establish the water-seal form to coordinate the deformation are more and more concerned. Therefore, It has the important theory value and the practical significance to understand the working performance, ensure the dam body security as well as the design and the construction by analyzing the influencing factor leading to the deformation of the face plate and the building material and the displacement of peripheral seam, slab joint and the toe board.
The article focus on the above questions, and the article is divided into two major parts.
In the first part , the article firstly analyses finite element constitutive 3D model of the CFRD to chose the better constitutive relationship. The next to analyze stress and the deformation of CFRD to generalize basic principle , the influencing factor and the character of the slab joint. The last to establish 3D model of one hydroelectric power station on the Jiulong river, and stimulate the stress and deformation under the completion and impoundment. We can obtain that the dam is safe ,but the big tensile stress areas on the face plate has already surpassed the concrete fundamental stress under impoundment and we should take some measures to change the stress of the face plate and the big vertical joint of the dam both sides nearby the mountain.
In the second part, we study the feasibility of changing the type of the concrete-faced rock-fill dam type from the linear patter to arch pattern .The main measure we adopt is to establish 3D model to calculate the stress and the deformations of the dam body, the face plate , vertical joint and peripheral seam, then analyze the result contrary to the linear pattern concrete-faced rock-fill dam. The result indicates that the arch concrete- faced rock-fill dam instead of linear pattern may reduce the tensile stress approaching to mountain both sides as well as the vertical joint based on the increasing the tensile stress insignificantly. Therefore, the arch concrete-faced rock-fill dam is more advantageous to the dam security.
The research of the article laid a foundation for the security and construction of the hydroelectric power station project on the Jiulong river , and the result of adopting the arch concrete-faced rock-fill dam instead of linear pattern has the important theory value and the practical significance as well as reference taken by the similar projects.
本文主要针对上述问题进行了深入研究,全文共分为两大部分。
第一部分首先对面板堆石坝三维有限元计算本构模型进行总结分析,选出比较适合本文计算的本构。其次对混凝土面板堆石坝的应力变形特性进行分析总结,分析总结出堆石体及面板的应力变形特性规律及变形的影响因素、面板垂直缝及周边缝受力变形特点。最后建立九龙河某水电站混凝土面板堆石坝的三维计算模型,对水电站面板堆石坝在竣工期和蓄水期两种工况下的应力变形进行模拟计算。计算总结得出,该电站大坝是安全的,但在蓄水期面板上出现了较大的拉应力区,且最大拉应力已经超出了混凝土的最大承受值,在坝体的两侧靠近山体附近垂直缝的拉张较大,应采取措施改善面板及垂直缝的受力情况。
第二部分是对水电站直线型混凝土面板堆石坝改为拱型混凝土面板堆石坝的可行性进行研究。主要是建立拱型混凝土面板堆石坝的三维计算模型,对坝体、面板、垂直缝及周边缝应力变形情况进行计算,并与直线型混凝土面板堆石坝的计算结果进行对比分析。结果表明以拱型混凝土面板堆石坝代替直线型混凝土面板堆石坝,可以有效地降低面板靠近两岸部位的拉应力区,且不显著增加面板中央部位的压应力,同时也有效的降低了垂直缝的拉开程度。因此,拱型面板堆石坝、折线型面板更有利于大坝的安全。
本文的研究不仅为九龙河某水电站工程的安全、顺利进行打下了基础,而且本文提出的用拱型面板堆石坝代替直线型面板堆石坝的研究成果,可以作为其它同类工程的参考,具有重要的理论价值和实际意义。
The concrete-faced rock-fill dam (CFRD) has become one of the most economical dam types. Since the type of dam was introduced into our country, it has been flourishing.Nowadays, CFRD has been taken as one choice of dam types in water conservancy and hydropower construction of our country.In recent years, as CFRD engineers build dams on the strong-earthquake high-cold area, deep alluvium and complex engineering geology foundation, the deformation, stress , peripheral seam, and water-seal structure of slab joint have been the main problem of CFRD security. How to reduce the face plate deformation as far as possible , make the face plate stress in the certain scope, choose and establish the water-seal form to coordinate the deformation are more and more concerned. Therefore, It has the important theory value and the practical significance to understand the working performance, ensure the dam body security as well as the design and the construction by analyzing the influencing factor leading to the deformation of the face plate and the building material and the displacement of peripheral seam, slab joint and the toe board.
The article focus on the above questions, and the article is divided into two major parts.
In the first part , the article firstly analyses finite element constitutive 3D model of the CFRD to chose the better constitutive relationship. The next to analyze stress and the deformation of CFRD to generalize basic principle , the influencing factor and the character of the slab joint. The last to establish 3D model of one hydroelectric power station on the Jiulong river, and stimulate the stress and deformation under the completion and impoundment. We can obtain that the dam is safe ,but the big tensile stress areas on the face plate has already surpassed the concrete fundamental stress under impoundment and we should take some measures to change the stress of the face plate and the big vertical joint of the dam both sides nearby the mountain.
In the second part, we study the feasibility of changing the type of the concrete-faced rock-fill dam type from the linear patter to arch pattern .The main measure we adopt is to establish 3D model to calculate the stress and the deformations of the dam body, the face plate , vertical joint and peripheral seam, then analyze the result contrary to the linear pattern concrete-faced rock-fill dam. The result indicates that the arch concrete- faced rock-fill dam instead of linear pattern may reduce the tensile stress approaching to mountain both sides as well as the vertical joint based on the increasing the tensile stress insignificantly. Therefore, the arch concrete-faced rock-fill dam is more advantageous to the dam security.
The research of the article laid a foundation for the security and construction of the hydroelectric power station project on the Jiulong river , and the result of adopting the arch concrete-faced rock-fill dam instead of linear pattern has the important theory value and the practical significance as well as reference taken by the similar projects.
引文
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