基于ALOS等数据的盐城湿地植被分类及土地覆盖时空变化研究
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摘要
湿地是地球上具有多种独特功能的生态系统,它不仅为人类提供大量食物、原料和水资源,而且在维持生态平衡、保持生物多样性和珍稀物种资源以及涵养水源、蓄洪防旱、降解污染、调节气候、补充地下水、控制土壤侵蚀等方面均起到重要作用。但是近几百年来,湿地资源遭到了严重破坏。其中,人类不合理使用土地,水污染、空气污染,围湖、围海造田等经济活动都直接或间接地导致了湿地面积的逐年减少。
遥感技术具有观测范围广、信息量大、获取信息快、可比性强等优点,在实时、动态监测湿地土地覆盖变化方面扮演着重要的角色,近20年来已广泛用于湿地资源调查、湿地识别等研究中。加强湿地的遥感监测研究,准确掌握各类湿地的分布状况及动态变化趋势,可以更好的为湿地的保护、管理和湿地的生态恢复提供科学决策依据,从而实现湿地资源的可持续发展。
本文以ALOS卫星数据为数据源,江苏盐城沿海湿地保护区为研究区,采用监督分类和构建决策树分类两种方法对研究区的湿地土地覆盖类型进行分类识别,特别是对研究区的植被类型实现了精细分类,并结合多年LANDSAT影像资料对盐城沿海湿地多年间的动态变化进行分析,研究其驱动力因子并对研究区所面临的问题提出相关建议,为湿地的保护和科学利用提供参考依据。主要研究内容和结论如下:
(1)结合研究区域的特征,先后选用最大似然法和决策树分类法,将研究区域分成8种基本地物类型。通过精度检验,决策树分类法的总体分类精度达到了80%以上;
(2)通过构建适当阈值的决策树,成功实现了对芦苇,互花米草,盐蒿和农田这四种研究区典型植被类型的精细分类,对湿地的分类识别和处于过渡状态的湿地植被类型之间的识别都取得了较好的效果。
(3)对研究区多期LANDSAT影像实现遥感动态变化监测,通过地物类型变化幅度和变化速率的统计,分析研究区湿地类型的结构变化;通过面积转移矩阵,获取各湿地类型间的转化关系。结果表明,盐城沿海湿地在1975年到2006年的30年中,以芦苇、盐蒿为代表的自然湿地面积减少,而以互花米草、农田、盐场、鱼虾塘为代表的人工湿地则呈增长的趋势。
(4)从自然和人文两方面分析盐城沿海湿地地物类型变化的驱动力因子。自然驱动力方面,主要表现为水文和气候的影响;而人文驱动力方面则要复杂的多,主要表现为经济发展需求推动下对研究区的大规模围垦、捕捞等经济活动,外来物种的侵入,以及污染等。
Wetland is ecological system having many distinct characteristics, which not ony provides planty of foodes, materials and water, but also plays an important role in manitaining ecological blance, preserving biological diversity, rare species and water conservation, storing waterflood, degrading pollution, regulating climate, supplying groudwater and controlling soil erosion. But, in recent several hundred years, it suffers servious devastation. Thereinto, many human activities result in wetland decrease directly or indirectly, such as developing land unreasonably, water pollution, air pollution, reclamation of land from the lake and sea.
Remote sensing technology has many advantages of wide observation, massive information, quick acquisition and better comparability. It plays an important role in real-time and dynamic monitoring land cover change of wetland. In recent 20 years, it was used for investagation and recognition of wetland resource widely. It will provide foundation for reasonable decision-making of wetland preservation, management and ecological restoration of degradated wetland through enhancing remote sensing montoring of wetland, finding out distribution and dynamic change trend of various wetlands. Thereby, wetland resource achieves sustainable development.
Jiangsu Yancheng coastal wetland protected region is selected as study area in this thesis. Supervised classification and constructing decision tree are adopted to classify and recognize the wetland cover of study area based on ALOS satellite image datasource. Then, dynamic change of wetland of the study area is analysised combined with different period LANDSAT images, also driving factors. According to the research results and the confronting problems in the study area, some suggestion is proposed for wetland preservation and reseanable use. The main research contents and results are as following.
(1) Study area is classified into 8 kinds of basic land covers using maximum likelihood and decision tree classification methods according to features of study area. Method of decision tree classification implements subdivision of four kinds of typical vegetables.Its precison of total classification achieves 80% which attains good results in classification and recognition of wetland.
(2) Based on constructed decision tree with appropriate thresholds, fine-classifications of reed, spartina alterniflora, suaeda heteroptera kitag and farmland are achieved. Also, good results are gained in reorganizations and classifications of wetland and transitional types of vegetable.
(3) LANDSAT images of serveral periods are used to monitor dynamic change of wetland for calculating change extent and rate of land-cover type's change and analysizing component changes of them. Transition relationship between each kind of wetland type is described by area transition matrix. The study result shows that areas of natural wetland represented by reed、suaeda heteroptera kitag are descreasing. Yet, areas of artifical wetland, such as spartina alterniflora、farmland、saltern、ponds present increasing trend.
(4) Driving factors of the land-cover types of coastal wetland are analysized from natural and humanistic views in Yancheng. Natural factors mainly present influence of hydrology and climate. But, it is more complex from humanistic view which mainly presents extensive inning, fishing, invasion of external species and pollution in study area promoted by economic development.
遥感技术具有观测范围广、信息量大、获取信息快、可比性强等优点,在实时、动态监测湿地土地覆盖变化方面扮演着重要的角色,近20年来已广泛用于湿地资源调查、湿地识别等研究中。加强湿地的遥感监测研究,准确掌握各类湿地的分布状况及动态变化趋势,可以更好的为湿地的保护、管理和湿地的生态恢复提供科学决策依据,从而实现湿地资源的可持续发展。
本文以ALOS卫星数据为数据源,江苏盐城沿海湿地保护区为研究区,采用监督分类和构建决策树分类两种方法对研究区的湿地土地覆盖类型进行分类识别,特别是对研究区的植被类型实现了精细分类,并结合多年LANDSAT影像资料对盐城沿海湿地多年间的动态变化进行分析,研究其驱动力因子并对研究区所面临的问题提出相关建议,为湿地的保护和科学利用提供参考依据。主要研究内容和结论如下:
(1)结合研究区域的特征,先后选用最大似然法和决策树分类法,将研究区域分成8种基本地物类型。通过精度检验,决策树分类法的总体分类精度达到了80%以上;
(2)通过构建适当阈值的决策树,成功实现了对芦苇,互花米草,盐蒿和农田这四种研究区典型植被类型的精细分类,对湿地的分类识别和处于过渡状态的湿地植被类型之间的识别都取得了较好的效果。
(3)对研究区多期LANDSAT影像实现遥感动态变化监测,通过地物类型变化幅度和变化速率的统计,分析研究区湿地类型的结构变化;通过面积转移矩阵,获取各湿地类型间的转化关系。结果表明,盐城沿海湿地在1975年到2006年的30年中,以芦苇、盐蒿为代表的自然湿地面积减少,而以互花米草、农田、盐场、鱼虾塘为代表的人工湿地则呈增长的趋势。
(4)从自然和人文两方面分析盐城沿海湿地地物类型变化的驱动力因子。自然驱动力方面,主要表现为水文和气候的影响;而人文驱动力方面则要复杂的多,主要表现为经济发展需求推动下对研究区的大规模围垦、捕捞等经济活动,外来物种的侵入,以及污染等。
Wetland is ecological system having many distinct characteristics, which not ony provides planty of foodes, materials and water, but also plays an important role in manitaining ecological blance, preserving biological diversity, rare species and water conservation, storing waterflood, degrading pollution, regulating climate, supplying groudwater and controlling soil erosion. But, in recent several hundred years, it suffers servious devastation. Thereinto, many human activities result in wetland decrease directly or indirectly, such as developing land unreasonably, water pollution, air pollution, reclamation of land from the lake and sea.
Remote sensing technology has many advantages of wide observation, massive information, quick acquisition and better comparability. It plays an important role in real-time and dynamic monitoring land cover change of wetland. In recent 20 years, it was used for investagation and recognition of wetland resource widely. It will provide foundation for reasonable decision-making of wetland preservation, management and ecological restoration of degradated wetland through enhancing remote sensing montoring of wetland, finding out distribution and dynamic change trend of various wetlands. Thereby, wetland resource achieves sustainable development.
Jiangsu Yancheng coastal wetland protected region is selected as study area in this thesis. Supervised classification and constructing decision tree are adopted to classify and recognize the wetland cover of study area based on ALOS satellite image datasource. Then, dynamic change of wetland of the study area is analysised combined with different period LANDSAT images, also driving factors. According to the research results and the confronting problems in the study area, some suggestion is proposed for wetland preservation and reseanable use. The main research contents and results are as following.
(1) Study area is classified into 8 kinds of basic land covers using maximum likelihood and decision tree classification methods according to features of study area. Method of decision tree classification implements subdivision of four kinds of typical vegetables.Its precison of total classification achieves 80% which attains good results in classification and recognition of wetland.
(2) Based on constructed decision tree with appropriate thresholds, fine-classifications of reed, spartina alterniflora, suaeda heteroptera kitag and farmland are achieved. Also, good results are gained in reorganizations and classifications of wetland and transitional types of vegetable.
(3) LANDSAT images of serveral periods are used to monitor dynamic change of wetland for calculating change extent and rate of land-cover type's change and analysizing component changes of them. Transition relationship between each kind of wetland type is described by area transition matrix. The study result shows that areas of natural wetland represented by reed、suaeda heteroptera kitag are descreasing. Yet, areas of artifical wetland, such as spartina alterniflora、farmland、saltern、ponds present increasing trend.
(4) Driving factors of the land-cover types of coastal wetland are analysized from natural and humanistic views in Yancheng. Natural factors mainly present influence of hydrology and climate. But, it is more complex from humanistic view which mainly presents extensive inning, fishing, invasion of external species and pollution in study area promoted by economic development.
引文
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