啤酒生产过程中监控技术的研究
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摘要
本文以啤酒生产过廾程中主要工序即发酵过程为工程背景:针对我国中小型啤酒生产企业在生产过程中采用常规仪表进行控制,难以保证生产工艺的正确执行,使啤酒质量不稳定,波动性大、不利于扩大再生产规模的缺点;对啤酒发酵过程的计算机监控方法及温度控制进行探讨,设计出适合中小啤酒生产企业的优化控制方案。可使企业的技术进步,生产管理以及市场竞争能力达到一个新的水平。
主要设计了工业控制计算机与可编程序控制器组成分布式计算机控制系统(IPC-PLC DCS);为提高控制的可靠性,系统采用两级分布式控制结构;系统控制软件采用基于Windows的图形界面组态王软件,用户界面友好,有良好的操作性:针对啤酒发酵过程受到许多干扰因素的影响,具有大惯性、大滞后和严重的非线性特性,以及过程中对自动监控技术的要求,提出以被调变量的偏差和偏差的变化趋势为依据的模糊PID参数的自适应的模糊控制算法。
此外,还对系统中的上位机和下位机进行了程序设计,使整个系统能够投入到实际运行中。
系统的运行效果表明:系统性能/价格比高、可靠实用、满足啤酒生产中发酵工艺的技术要求,并兼顾了发展的需求。该模糊控制算法适应性和灵活性强,控制精度较高,计算机控制的误差不大于±0.4℃,系统运行效果理想,发酵过程动态特性好,啤酒生产波动小、啤酒质量稳定。
In many domestic beer factories, there are lots of disadventages during product, and these can't ensure the veracity of beer's producting craft that results into fluctuation of beer's quality and is difficult to enlarge reproduction's scale. Aiming at the situation, the thesis is based on the main engineer process—fermentation to discuss the method of Computer monitoring and controlling as wel as tempreture controlling. The thesis also designs a optimal control programme which is suit to the middle or small beer facotries.It may cause enterprise's technology advancement, production management as well as market competition ability achieves a new level.
This project has designed the industrial control computer and the programmable controller composes the distributed computer control system (IPC-PLC DCS); For the enhancement control reliability, the system uses two level of distributional control structures; The system's control software uses based on the Windows graphical interface configuration king software and the user interface is friendly which has the good operationality; Against a large inertia,big lag and serious nonlinear characteristics in beer fermentation process and the requirements of process to automatic control system,this thesis introduces the fuzzy intelligent controlling self—adaptive PID algorithmwhich is based on the bias and the bias's change trend.
Othermore, the thesis also does many works on procedure of upper—computer and basic—controller so that The whole system design can be put into work immediately.
The effect of the system indicates: the function of the system is very high reliability and practically, techniques advancement, and completely meets the demand of modem production.Furthermore it improves the demand of development. The system has many advantages such as adaptability and flexibility of the algorithms, higher precision control—the deviation with±0.4℃, the satisfactory operating results,good dynamic of fermentation process, small fluctuations in the production of beer, stability beer quality.
主要设计了工业控制计算机与可编程序控制器组成分布式计算机控制系统(IPC-PLC DCS);为提高控制的可靠性,系统采用两级分布式控制结构;系统控制软件采用基于Windows的图形界面组态王软件,用户界面友好,有良好的操作性:针对啤酒发酵过程受到许多干扰因素的影响,具有大惯性、大滞后和严重的非线性特性,以及过程中对自动监控技术的要求,提出以被调变量的偏差和偏差的变化趋势为依据的模糊PID参数的自适应的模糊控制算法。
此外,还对系统中的上位机和下位机进行了程序设计,使整个系统能够投入到实际运行中。
系统的运行效果表明:系统性能/价格比高、可靠实用、满足啤酒生产中发酵工艺的技术要求,并兼顾了发展的需求。该模糊控制算法适应性和灵活性强,控制精度较高,计算机控制的误差不大于±0.4℃,系统运行效果理想,发酵过程动态特性好,啤酒生产波动小、啤酒质量稳定。
In many domestic beer factories, there are lots of disadventages during product, and these can't ensure the veracity of beer's producting craft that results into fluctuation of beer's quality and is difficult to enlarge reproduction's scale. Aiming at the situation, the thesis is based on the main engineer process—fermentation to discuss the method of Computer monitoring and controlling as wel as tempreture controlling. The thesis also designs a optimal control programme which is suit to the middle or small beer facotries.It may cause enterprise's technology advancement, production management as well as market competition ability achieves a new level.
This project has designed the industrial control computer and the programmable controller composes the distributed computer control system (IPC-PLC DCS); For the enhancement control reliability, the system uses two level of distributional control structures; The system's control software uses based on the Windows graphical interface configuration king software and the user interface is friendly which has the good operationality; Against a large inertia,big lag and serious nonlinear characteristics in beer fermentation process and the requirements of process to automatic control system,this thesis introduces the fuzzy intelligent controlling self—adaptive PID algorithmwhich is based on the bias and the bias's change trend.
Othermore, the thesis also does many works on procedure of upper—computer and basic—controller so that The whole system design can be put into work immediately.
The effect of the system indicates: the function of the system is very high reliability and practically, techniques advancement, and completely meets the demand of modem production.Furthermore it improves the demand of development. The system has many advantages such as adaptability and flexibility of the algorithms, higher precision control—the deviation with±0.4℃, the satisfactory operating results,good dynamic of fermentation process, small fluctuations in the production of beer, stability beer quality.
引文
[1]季树太.我国啤酒工业现状与发展前景展望.酿酒,2003,30(6):15-17.
[2]徐广涛.我国啤酒业的生产与市场.中国食物与营养,1999(2):35-36.
[3]袁惠民.世界啤酒工业现状与对策,中国啤酒通讯,1995.3.
[4]王念春.国内啤酒生产自动控制的现状与展望.工业仪表与自动化装置,2002,1:64-66.
[5]Ioan Cristian Trelea,Mariana Titica,Sophie Landaud,Predictive modelling of brewing fermentation:from knowledge-based to black-box models.Mathematics and Computers in Simulation.56(2001):405-424.
[6]杨红卫,万伟红.啤酒发酵过程的计算机控制管理系统.南方农机,2000.5:19-20.
[7]薛福珍,庞国仲,张玉斌等.啤酒糖化过程计算机综合控制.化工自动化及仪表,2001,28(6):26-29.
[8]Linkens DA,Nie J.A unified real-time approximate reasoning approach for use intelligent control-part 2.Application to multivariable blood pressure control.INT.J.control.1992,56(2):365-397.
[9]王念春.国内啤酒生产自动控制的现状与展望.工业仪表与自动化装置,2002,1:64-66.
[10]姜俊海.微机控制技术在啤酒发酵系统中的应用.长春大学学报,1999,9(6):24-26.
[11]刘海波,周利.微机控制系统在啤酒发酵罐中的应用.酿酒,2000,2:99.
[12]郭琦,康细聪.惠泉啤酒发酵过程微机自控实现.计算机测量与控制.2002,10(4):224-229.
[13]Paul U.Webb,Successful optimizing control systems in process operations.JACC,2001.
[14]唐明官.啤酒酿造.中国轻工业出版社,1993.
[15]管敦仪.啤酒工业手册.北京:中国轻工业出版社,1998:378-581.
[16]张学群.啤酒工艺控制指标及检测手册.北京:中国轻工业出版社,1993.
[17]刘海波,周利.微机控制系统在啤酒发酵罐中的应用.酿酒,2000,2:99.
[18]Whitalker,Allan.Principles of fermentation technology,Pergaamon Press,1984.
[19]王树青.发酵过程控制的新进展.化工自动化及仪表,1995.4.
[20]杨士元.可编程控制器(PC)编程应用和维修.北京:清华大学出版社,1994.
[21]Edwards,C.How AJAX jacks-up Web app performance.Information Professional,Dec.2005-Jan,2006:10-11.
[22]Bruno,EJ.Ajax:Asynchronous JavaScript and XML,DR DOBBS J,2006,31(2):20.
[23]孙增圻,张再兴,邓志东.智能控制理论与技术.北京:北京清华大学出版社,1997.
[24]韩华.啤酒发酵过程仪表集散控制系统.基础自动化,1998.1.
[25]李天博,嵇小辅.啤酒生物液态发酵集散控制系统研究.农机化究,2003.10(4):134-136.
[26]王念春.集散控制系统在啤酒厂糖化车间的应用.工业仪表与自动化装置,2000,(2):21-24.
[27]Bernard,J.M.CIM in process industries.Instrument Society of America,2000.
[28]王念春.PLC在微型啤酒装置中的应用,工业控制计算机,2001,(4):57-59.
[29]李士勇.啤酒发酵过程温度微机控制.自动化技术与应用,1990(3):41-45.
[30]Patrikar A,Provence J.A self-organizing fuzzy controller for dynamic process using neutral network techniques.American Control Conference,1999:359-364.
[31]Iwata T,Macida K,Toda Y,Fuzzy Control using neutral network techniques.American Control Conference,2001:365-370.
[32]陈永义.模糊控制技术及应用实例.北京:北京师范大学出版社,1993.
[33]陈兆宽.计算机过程控制软件设计.北京:电子工业出版社,1993.
[34]肖杰.啤酒发酵生产过程自动化及优化算法的应用研究:(硕士学位论文).杭州:浙江大学,2004.
[35]李士勇.模糊控制和智能控制理论及应用.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版,1990.
[36]汪培庄.模糊系统理论与模糊计算机.北京:科学出版社,1996.
[37]古钟璧.大滞后生产过程的智能式补偿预测控制.自动化学报,1995.4.
[38]吴兆智.参数自寻优Fuzzy-PID控制器.电子与自动化,1996.1.
[39]杨红卫,万伟红.啤酒发酵过程的计算机控制管理系统.南方农机,2000.5:19-20.
[40]郭肪肪.啤酒发酵过程温度的自学习模糊控制.测控技术,1994.
[41]周泽魁,张光新,杨丽明.啤酒发酵过程的计算机控制系统.自动化仪表,1999,20(1):29-31.
[42]薛福珍,庞国仲,张玉斌等.啤酒糖化过程计算机综合控制.化工自动化及仪表,2001,28(6):26-29.
[43]T.K.Lee,Implementation of a Knowledge-based PID Auto-tuner.Automatica,Vol.29,No.4 1107-1113(1993).
[44]王立新.自适应模糊系统与控制-设计与稳定性分析.国防工业出版社,1995.
[2]徐广涛.我国啤酒业的生产与市场.中国食物与营养,1999(2):35-36.
[3]袁惠民.世界啤酒工业现状与对策,中国啤酒通讯,1995.3.
[4]王念春.国内啤酒生产自动控制的现状与展望.工业仪表与自动化装置,2002,1:64-66.
[5]Ioan Cristian Trelea,Mariana Titica,Sophie Landaud,Predictive modelling of brewing fermentation:from knowledge-based to black-box models.Mathematics and Computers in Simulation.56(2001):405-424.
[6]杨红卫,万伟红.啤酒发酵过程的计算机控制管理系统.南方农机,2000.5:19-20.
[7]薛福珍,庞国仲,张玉斌等.啤酒糖化过程计算机综合控制.化工自动化及仪表,2001,28(6):26-29.
[8]Linkens DA,Nie J.A unified real-time approximate reasoning approach for use intelligent control-part 2.Application to multivariable blood pressure control.INT.J.control.1992,56(2):365-397.
[9]王念春.国内啤酒生产自动控制的现状与展望.工业仪表与自动化装置,2002,1:64-66.
[10]姜俊海.微机控制技术在啤酒发酵系统中的应用.长春大学学报,1999,9(6):24-26.
[11]刘海波,周利.微机控制系统在啤酒发酵罐中的应用.酿酒,2000,2:99.
[12]郭琦,康细聪.惠泉啤酒发酵过程微机自控实现.计算机测量与控制.2002,10(4):224-229.
[13]Paul U.Webb,Successful optimizing control systems in process operations.JACC,2001.
[14]唐明官.啤酒酿造.中国轻工业出版社,1993.
[15]管敦仪.啤酒工业手册.北京:中国轻工业出版社,1998:378-581.
[16]张学群.啤酒工艺控制指标及检测手册.北京:中国轻工业出版社,1993.
[17]刘海波,周利.微机控制系统在啤酒发酵罐中的应用.酿酒,2000,2:99.
[18]Whitalker,Allan.Principles of fermentation technology,Pergaamon Press,1984.
[19]王树青.发酵过程控制的新进展.化工自动化及仪表,1995.4.
[20]杨士元.可编程控制器(PC)编程应用和维修.北京:清华大学出版社,1994.
[21]Edwards,C.How AJAX jacks-up Web app performance.Information Professional,Dec.2005-Jan,2006:10-11.
[22]Bruno,EJ.Ajax:Asynchronous JavaScript and XML,DR DOBBS J,2006,31(2):20.
[23]孙增圻,张再兴,邓志东.智能控制理论与技术.北京:北京清华大学出版社,1997.
[24]韩华.啤酒发酵过程仪表集散控制系统.基础自动化,1998.1.
[25]李天博,嵇小辅.啤酒生物液态发酵集散控制系统研究.农机化究,2003.10(4):134-136.
[26]王念春.集散控制系统在啤酒厂糖化车间的应用.工业仪表与自动化装置,2000,(2):21-24.
[27]Bernard,J.M.CIM in process industries.Instrument Society of America,2000.
[28]王念春.PLC在微型啤酒装置中的应用,工业控制计算机,2001,(4):57-59.
[29]李士勇.啤酒发酵过程温度微机控制.自动化技术与应用,1990(3):41-45.
[30]Patrikar A,Provence J.A self-organizing fuzzy controller for dynamic process using neutral network techniques.American Control Conference,1999:359-364.
[31]Iwata T,Macida K,Toda Y,Fuzzy Control using neutral network techniques.American Control Conference,2001:365-370.
[32]陈永义.模糊控制技术及应用实例.北京:北京师范大学出版社,1993.
[33]陈兆宽.计算机过程控制软件设计.北京:电子工业出版社,1993.
[34]肖杰.啤酒发酵生产过程自动化及优化算法的应用研究:(硕士学位论文).杭州:浙江大学,2004.
[35]李士勇.模糊控制和智能控制理论及应用.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版,1990.
[36]汪培庄.模糊系统理论与模糊计算机.北京:科学出版社,1996.
[37]古钟璧.大滞后生产过程的智能式补偿预测控制.自动化学报,1995.4.
[38]吴兆智.参数自寻优Fuzzy-PID控制器.电子与自动化,1996.1.
[39]杨红卫,万伟红.啤酒发酵过程的计算机控制管理系统.南方农机,2000.5:19-20.
[40]郭肪肪.啤酒发酵过程温度的自学习模糊控制.测控技术,1994.
[41]周泽魁,张光新,杨丽明.啤酒发酵过程的计算机控制系统.自动化仪表,1999,20(1):29-31.
[42]薛福珍,庞国仲,张玉斌等.啤酒糖化过程计算机综合控制.化工自动化及仪表,2001,28(6):26-29.
[43]T.K.Lee,Implementation of a Knowledge-based PID Auto-tuner.Automatica,Vol.29,No.4 1107-1113(1993).
[44]王立新.自适应模糊系统与控制-设计与稳定性分析.国防工业出版社,1995.