高校游戏化网络学习系统的研究与设计
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摘要
Web2.0带来了学习理念和体系的变革,使网络游戏所具有的虚拟式体验、协作与竞争等优点更加突出。为了让学习者在基于任务的小组学习过程中主动探究,提出高校游戏化学习系统研究,旨在应用先进的Web2.0技术,通过网络游戏方式,建立基于任务的小组协作学习的学习系统。
本文以游戏理论、建构主义学习理论、计算机支持的协作学习理论为基础,建立了高校游戏化网络学习系统模型。该系统设计为三层结构:基础层、学习层和任务层,分别用于提供自主学习支撑、协作学习和知识创新。“高校游戏化学习系统”包含游戏新闻中心、游戏化学习平台及游戏管理中心三个子系统。游戏新闻中心功能是游戏化学习系统对外开放与交流的平台,包括注册与登录、游戏项目申请、游戏化学习论坛、游戏帮助等功能;游戏化学习中心由游戏个性化信息设置、课题相关信息查看、在线学习工具、个人学习资源管理、学习进度管理、在线聊天室等部分组成;游戏管理中心是游戏化学习平台的后台管理,实现教师参与,管理游戏项目设计、游戏结果分析、学习资源管理、专家库管理以及论坛的后台管理等内容。
通过对游戏化学习策略进行设计,采用先进的计算机网络技术,实现了高校网络游戏化学习系统的模式设计。应用该系统,有利于培养高校学生的创新精神、合作精神。学习者通过一系列协作、探究活动,在教师帮助下完成游戏任务,并在游戏过程中实现对知识的有意义建构。该研究是学习和游戏结合的一种新尝试,通过实现游戏化学习系统的游戏化、自主化、资源化与信息化,让学习者体验在“微世界”中体验游戏化学习的新型学习方式。
Web2.0 has not only brought it with the revolutionary change of the Philosophy of learning, but also with the advantage of virtual experience, collaboration and competitive which is presented by network game. In order to encourage the learner's initiative in the task-based learning process, the collage gaming learn system was proposed. By applying the advanced technology of web2.0, it aims to establish a task-based group collaborative learning system in the form of network games.
Based on game theory, Constructivism learning theory, Computer Supported Collaborative learning theory, the model of collage game learning system is established. There are three levels in the model, which are basic level, learning level and task level, and respectively responsible for self-guided learning supporting, cooperative learning and knowledge creation. The collage game learning system includes three subsystems, which are news central, the learning platform and managing center. The news central is a platform to Open to and bridge with the outside users, with the function of registering, login, game program applying, bbs and game help. The learning platform is comprised by game information setting which can be personalized, program related information viewing, on line learning instrument, Personal learning Resources Management, and progress management and online chatting. Managing center is for backstage managing to achieve teachers' participation, game program designing, game outcome analyzing, resource managing and bbs backstage managing.
By using advanced computer network technology and proper game strategy designing, the model of the collage game learning system is realized. Applying this system will help to cultivate creativity and cooperation among college students. With the help of teacher, the learners accomplish the task by series task collaboration and exploring and achieve a meaningful construction of the knowledge. This attempt to combine learning and network game have realize the system with gaming, autonomy, resourfulness and informationization, enable the learner to experience the new learning style in the "micro World".
本文以游戏理论、建构主义学习理论、计算机支持的协作学习理论为基础,建立了高校游戏化网络学习系统模型。该系统设计为三层结构:基础层、学习层和任务层,分别用于提供自主学习支撑、协作学习和知识创新。“高校游戏化学习系统”包含游戏新闻中心、游戏化学习平台及游戏管理中心三个子系统。游戏新闻中心功能是游戏化学习系统对外开放与交流的平台,包括注册与登录、游戏项目申请、游戏化学习论坛、游戏帮助等功能;游戏化学习中心由游戏个性化信息设置、课题相关信息查看、在线学习工具、个人学习资源管理、学习进度管理、在线聊天室等部分组成;游戏管理中心是游戏化学习平台的后台管理,实现教师参与,管理游戏项目设计、游戏结果分析、学习资源管理、专家库管理以及论坛的后台管理等内容。
通过对游戏化学习策略进行设计,采用先进的计算机网络技术,实现了高校网络游戏化学习系统的模式设计。应用该系统,有利于培养高校学生的创新精神、合作精神。学习者通过一系列协作、探究活动,在教师帮助下完成游戏任务,并在游戏过程中实现对知识的有意义建构。该研究是学习和游戏结合的一种新尝试,通过实现游戏化学习系统的游戏化、自主化、资源化与信息化,让学习者体验在“微世界”中体验游戏化学习的新型学习方式。
Web2.0 has not only brought it with the revolutionary change of the Philosophy of learning, but also with the advantage of virtual experience, collaboration and competitive which is presented by network game. In order to encourage the learner's initiative in the task-based learning process, the collage gaming learn system was proposed. By applying the advanced technology of web2.0, it aims to establish a task-based group collaborative learning system in the form of network games.
Based on game theory, Constructivism learning theory, Computer Supported Collaborative learning theory, the model of collage game learning system is established. There are three levels in the model, which are basic level, learning level and task level, and respectively responsible for self-guided learning supporting, cooperative learning and knowledge creation. The collage game learning system includes three subsystems, which are news central, the learning platform and managing center. The news central is a platform to Open to and bridge with the outside users, with the function of registering, login, game program applying, bbs and game help. The learning platform is comprised by game information setting which can be personalized, program related information viewing, on line learning instrument, Personal learning Resources Management, and progress management and online chatting. Managing center is for backstage managing to achieve teachers' participation, game program designing, game outcome analyzing, resource managing and bbs backstage managing.
By using advanced computer network technology and proper game strategy designing, the model of the collage game learning system is realized. Applying this system will help to cultivate creativity and cooperation among college students. With the help of teacher, the learners accomplish the task by series task collaboration and exploring and achieve a meaningful construction of the knowledge. This attempt to combine learning and network game have realize the system with gaming, autonomy, resourfulness and informationization, enable the learner to experience the new learning style in the "micro World".
引文
[1]中国互联网协会.2005-2006中国Web2.0现状与趋势调查报告.http://www.internetdigital.org/re2port/web20_report_int ro.pdf,2008-09-08
[2]李河.Web2.0对网络信息交流的影响.图书情报工作.2007(11):46
[3]MarcPrensky.DigitalGame-BasedLearning.USA:McGraw-Hill Compani es,Inc.2001:2-6,9
[4]第22次中国互联网络发展状况统计报告,中国互联网络信息中心,htt p://www.cnnic.net.cn/index/OE/index.htm:37-39,2008-07-23
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[6]石中英.《教育哲学导轮》,北京师范大学出版社,2004年版.106-108
[7]Jeroen Janssen,Gijsbert Erkens,Gellof Kanselaar,Jos Jaspers.Visualization of participation:Does it contribute tosuccessful compu ter-supported collaborative learning?.Computers&Education 49(2007):1037-1065
[8]林丽霞.基于任务的远程小组协作学习过程设计与实施:[硕士学位论文].广州:华南师范大学.2007:1-17
[9]Game Based Learning in Universities and Lifelong learning,Ava ilable,from:http://www,unigame,net/html/OnlineEduca_web,pdf:2007-10-12
[10]EnterTech Project info:Intro to EnterTech.http://www.utexas.edu/depts/ic2/et/,2008-8-12
[11]Dede,C,Ketelhut,D,&Ruess,K.Motivation,Usability,and le arning Outcomes in a Prototype Museum-based Muti-User Virtual Enviro nment,paper present at the ICLS,Scattle,Washington,2002
[12]Shaffer,D.W.(2006).Epistemic frames for epistemic games.Comp uter&Education,46(3),223-234
[13]SAGE:Simulation and Advanced Gaming Environments for learni ng.http://www.sageforlearning.ca,2008-09-20
[14]Case Study Simulation.Game Simulation Games at the Universit y of Glamorgan.http://e-st.glam.ac.uk/simulationgames/,2008-10-12
[15]Games2train公司主页.Available from:http://www.games2train.c om,2008-10-12
[16]Kristian Kiili.2005.Digital Game-Based Learning:Towards an E xperiential Gaming Model.Internet and Higher Educa-tion,2005(8):13-24
[17]Maja Pivec,Olga Dziabenko&Irmgard Schinnerl.Aspects of Game-Based Learning.Available from:http://www.unigame.net/html/I-Know GB L-2704.pdf
[18]Angela McFarlane,Anne Sparrowhawk&Ysanne Heal& 2002.Report on the educational use of games.Available from:http://www.educationa rcade.org/video/conf2005/Angela%20MacFarlane-2.pdf:2008-10-17
[19]CJC软件主页,http://soft.xcjc.net/,2008-11-03
[20]洪恩在线,http://www.hongen.com/,2008-11-03
[21]游光昭,萧显胜,蔡福兴.网络游戏化的构建式学习环境模式之设计.//第十届全球华人计算机教育应用会议(GCCCE2006)论文集,2006
[22]尚俊杰,李芳乐,李浩文.“轻游戏”:教育游戏的希望和未来.电化教育研究,2005(1):25
[23]黄小玉,王相东.从市场角度谈教育教学与网络游戏的结合.中小学信息技术教育,2005(4):7
[24](荷兰)胡伊青加.《人:游戏者》,成穷译,贵州人民出版社,1998年版:34-35,1-12
[25]田爱奎,杨瑛霞,夏天,张际平.数字化游戏学习的发展及展望.电化教育研究,2006(1):20-21
[26]张文兰,刘俊生.教育游戏的本质与价值审思一一从游戏视角看教育与游戏的结合.开放教育研究,2007(5):64-67
[27]韩庆年,李艺.网络游戏在网络教育中的角色探讨.中国远程教育,2003(15):73-73
[28]邓丽亚.网络文化两面性的多学科审思.电化教育研究,2006(7)22-25
[29]柳栋,吴芳,许卫星,潘华东.将游戏精神融入教学.计算机教与学2004(6):6-9
[30]吕森林.教育游戏产业研究报告.中国远程教育,2004,(22):44-47
[31]田爱奎,杨瑛霞,夏天,张际平.数字化游戏学习的发展及展望.电化教育研究,2006(1):37-40
[32]Hector Rodriguez.The Playful and the Serious:An approximat ion to Huizinga's Homo Ludens.computer game research.2006(12):http://gamestudies.org/0601/articles/rodriges,2008-10-18
[33]董虫草.自由论的游戏理论:从自为论与和谐论到自足论.学术研究.2006(11):21-25
[34]laura E Berk and Adam Winsler.Scaffolding Children' s Learnin g:Vygotsky and Early Childhood Educationg.National Assosstion for th e Education of Young Children,Washington,De
[35]杜士珍.现代教育技术基础.华中师范大学出版社.2000:49-51
[36]Younghee Woo,Thomas C.Reevs.Meaningful interaction in Web-ba sed learning:A social constructivist interpretation.Internet and Hig hter Education 10(2007):15-25
[37]李克东.信息技术环境下基于协作学习的教学设计.电化教育研究,2000(4):7-13
[38]Scardamalia,M.(1989).Computer-supported intentional learning environments.Journal of Educational Computing Research,5(1),51-68.
[39]Lee,E.Y.C.,Chan,C.K.K.,&van Aalst,J.(2006).Student assessmen t of collaborative learning in a CSCL environment.International Jour hal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning,1(1),57-87.
[40]甘永成.Web协作学习与CSCL的应用研究.中国远程育,2003(1):54-55,55-57
[41]黄荣怀.基于Web的协作学习系统模型.中国远程教育,2001(5):42-47
[42]Robertson,J,&Howells,C,(2005)Computer game design:Opportuni ties for successful learning,Computers&Education,doi:10.1016/j.compe du.2007-11-20
[43]周士勤.大学生学习风格与学习指导策略研究:[硕士学位论文].重庆:重庆大学,2006:22-23,38-39
[44]高宇,张新明.论网络教育游戏的设计.北京邮电大学学报(社会科学版),2007(3):11-14
[45]AJAX技术简介.The Official Microsoft ASP.NET Site:http://www.asp.net/ajax/,2008-10-12
[46]Microsoft SQL Serve主页:http://www.microsoft.com/china/sq1/2 008/default.aspx,2008-11-7
[47]朱建书.跑马圈地划地为营--网页游戏的异军突起.互联网天地,2007(12):57-58
[2]李河.Web2.0对网络信息交流的影响.图书情报工作.2007(11):46
[3]MarcPrensky.DigitalGame-BasedLearning.USA:McGraw-Hill Compani es,Inc.2001:2-6,9
[4]第22次中国互联网络发展状况统计报告,中国互联网络信息中心,htt p://www.cnnic.net.cn/index/OE/index.htm:37-39,2008-07-23
[5]陈韬.游戏化探究式学习研究:[硕士学位论文].上海:华东师范大学,2007:1-3.7-10
[6]石中英.《教育哲学导轮》,北京师范大学出版社,2004年版.106-108
[7]Jeroen Janssen,Gijsbert Erkens,Gellof Kanselaar,Jos Jaspers.Visualization of participation:Does it contribute tosuccessful compu ter-supported collaborative learning?.Computers&Education 49(2007):1037-1065
[8]林丽霞.基于任务的远程小组协作学习过程设计与实施:[硕士学位论文].广州:华南师范大学.2007:1-17
[9]Game Based Learning in Universities and Lifelong learning,Ava ilable,from:http://www,unigame,net/html/OnlineEduca_web,pdf:2007-10-12
[10]EnterTech Project info:Intro to EnterTech.http://www.utexas.edu/depts/ic2/et/,2008-8-12
[11]Dede,C,Ketelhut,D,&Ruess,K.Motivation,Usability,and le arning Outcomes in a Prototype Museum-based Muti-User Virtual Enviro nment,paper present at the ICLS,Scattle,Washington,2002
[12]Shaffer,D.W.(2006).Epistemic frames for epistemic games.Comp uter&Education,46(3),223-234
[13]SAGE:Simulation and Advanced Gaming Environments for learni ng.http://www.sageforlearning.ca,2008-09-20
[14]Case Study Simulation.Game Simulation Games at the Universit y of Glamorgan.http://e-st.glam.ac.uk/simulationgames/,2008-10-12
[15]Games2train公司主页.Available from:http://www.games2train.c om,2008-10-12
[16]Kristian Kiili.2005.Digital Game-Based Learning:Towards an E xperiential Gaming Model.Internet and Higher Educa-tion,2005(8):13-24
[17]Maja Pivec,Olga Dziabenko&Irmgard Schinnerl.Aspects of Game-Based Learning.Available from:http://www.unigame.net/html/I-Know GB L-2704.pdf
[18]Angela McFarlane,Anne Sparrowhawk&Ysanne Heal& 2002.Report on the educational use of games.Available from:http://www.educationa rcade.org/video/conf2005/Angela%20MacFarlane-2.pdf:2008-10-17
[19]CJC软件主页,http://soft.xcjc.net/,2008-11-03
[20]洪恩在线,http://www.hongen.com/,2008-11-03
[21]游光昭,萧显胜,蔡福兴.网络游戏化的构建式学习环境模式之设计.//第十届全球华人计算机教育应用会议(GCCCE2006)论文集,2006
[22]尚俊杰,李芳乐,李浩文.“轻游戏”:教育游戏的希望和未来.电化教育研究,2005(1):25
[23]黄小玉,王相东.从市场角度谈教育教学与网络游戏的结合.中小学信息技术教育,2005(4):7
[24](荷兰)胡伊青加.《人:游戏者》,成穷译,贵州人民出版社,1998年版:34-35,1-12
[25]田爱奎,杨瑛霞,夏天,张际平.数字化游戏学习的发展及展望.电化教育研究,2006(1):20-21
[26]张文兰,刘俊生.教育游戏的本质与价值审思一一从游戏视角看教育与游戏的结合.开放教育研究,2007(5):64-67
[27]韩庆年,李艺.网络游戏在网络教育中的角色探讨.中国远程教育,2003(15):73-73
[28]邓丽亚.网络文化两面性的多学科审思.电化教育研究,2006(7)22-25
[29]柳栋,吴芳,许卫星,潘华东.将游戏精神融入教学.计算机教与学2004(6):6-9
[30]吕森林.教育游戏产业研究报告.中国远程教育,2004,(22):44-47
[31]田爱奎,杨瑛霞,夏天,张际平.数字化游戏学习的发展及展望.电化教育研究,2006(1):37-40
[32]Hector Rodriguez.The Playful and the Serious:An approximat ion to Huizinga's Homo Ludens.computer game research.2006(12):http://gamestudies.org/0601/articles/rodriges,2008-10-18
[33]董虫草.自由论的游戏理论:从自为论与和谐论到自足论.学术研究.2006(11):21-25
[34]laura E Berk and Adam Winsler.Scaffolding Children' s Learnin g:Vygotsky and Early Childhood Educationg.National Assosstion for th e Education of Young Children,Washington,De
[35]杜士珍.现代教育技术基础.华中师范大学出版社.2000:49-51
[36]Younghee Woo,Thomas C.Reevs.Meaningful interaction in Web-ba sed learning:A social constructivist interpretation.Internet and Hig hter Education 10(2007):15-25
[37]李克东.信息技术环境下基于协作学习的教学设计.电化教育研究,2000(4):7-13
[38]Scardamalia,M.(1989).Computer-supported intentional learning environments.Journal of Educational Computing Research,5(1),51-68.
[39]Lee,E.Y.C.,Chan,C.K.K.,&van Aalst,J.(2006).Student assessmen t of collaborative learning in a CSCL environment.International Jour hal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning,1(1),57-87.
[40]甘永成.Web协作学习与CSCL的应用研究.中国远程育,2003(1):54-55,55-57
[41]黄荣怀.基于Web的协作学习系统模型.中国远程教育,2001(5):42-47
[42]Robertson,J,&Howells,C,(2005)Computer game design:Opportuni ties for successful learning,Computers&Education,doi:10.1016/j.compe du.2007-11-20
[43]周士勤.大学生学习风格与学习指导策略研究:[硕士学位论文].重庆:重庆大学,2006:22-23,38-39
[44]高宇,张新明.论网络教育游戏的设计.北京邮电大学学报(社会科学版),2007(3):11-14
[45]AJAX技术简介.The Official Microsoft ASP.NET Site:http://www.asp.net/ajax/,2008-10-12
[46]Microsoft SQL Serve主页:http://www.microsoft.com/china/sq1/2 008/default.aspx,2008-11-7
[47]朱建书.跑马圈地划地为营--网页游戏的异军突起.互联网天地,2007(12):57-58