基于JITT的中职微型课程设计模式与应用
|
摘要
中等职业教育是我国高中阶段教育的重要组成部分,担负着培养高素质劳动者的重要任务,是我国经济社会发展的重要基础,在整个教育体系中处于十分重要的位置。近些年,国家采取一系列措施提升职业教育对学生的吸引力,尽管教育投入较高,但其教学效果一直不太令人满意,主要原因是相关培训教材与社会发展不同步,课程内容滞后,更新缓慢,缺乏灵活性和易操作性等,因此课程设计成为中职教师进行课程教学的新主题,设计符合教学实际需要的个性化课程成为必然趋势。
本文在以上背景下,首先综述了微型课程的基本涵义和相关研究现状,并结合中等职业学校的教学现状,论述了开发和设计中等职业学校微型课程的必要性和可行性;其次分析了信息技术与课程整合的及时教学(Just-In-TimeTeaching)模式应用现状,结合教学目标分类理论等,提出了基于JITT的中职微型课程设计的三段六步模式,并详细阐述了课程实施的流程和步骤;然后以《计算机组装与维护》课程为例,设计和开发了相应的微型课程,并进行了相关教学实验;最后通过调查问卷、访谈等,进一步验证了基于JITT的微型课程在中等职业学校教学中的必要性和有效性。
本文的研究为课程设计提出了新思路,有利于促进中等职业学校的课程建设,新的课程模式也增强了学生的学习兴趣,提高了中等职业学校的教学效果,对于培养和提高中等职业学校学生的创新能力和综合素质有重要作用。
As the most fundamental part of high school education in China, Secondary vocational education is responsible for cultivating high-caliber personnel and lays the significant foundation for the social and economic development. It plays an indispensable role in the whole education system. In recent years, to increase the students’interest of vocational education a series of measures have been taken by the state. Although a great deal of effort has been paid, the effect is still not satisfactory by now. The main reason is the different paces between training materials and social development while the content of training materials, which are short of operability, is lagged behind. As a result, curriculum designing becomes a new target for the teachers of vocational high schools. And personalized curriculum designing which is corresponded with the actual teaching needs will be an inevitable trend.
Under the background mentioned above, this article reviewed the basic meaning of minicourse and related research status. Based on the current situation of secondary vocational school, we analyzed the necessity of designing minicourse and present status of Just-In-Time Teaching mode which integrates Information Technology into the Curriculum. Using the theory of Teaching target classification, we put forward the basic modes and methods for the minicourse designing and developing according to the mode of Just-In-Time Teaching. The processes and procedures of curriculum implementation were also discussed in detail and a minicourse of Computer Assembly and Maintenance was designed. We carried out corresponding teaching experiments. Finally, through questionnaires and interviews, according to the mode of Just-In-Time Teaching we testified the feasibility and effectiveness of the minicourse designing and developing for vocational school.
The research in this paper provides a completely new idea for the course designing, which will do contribution to the construction of vocational school’s courses. It has far-reaching significance in improving students’learning effects, developing their creativity and general competence.
本文在以上背景下,首先综述了微型课程的基本涵义和相关研究现状,并结合中等职业学校的教学现状,论述了开发和设计中等职业学校微型课程的必要性和可行性;其次分析了信息技术与课程整合的及时教学(Just-In-TimeTeaching)模式应用现状,结合教学目标分类理论等,提出了基于JITT的中职微型课程设计的三段六步模式,并详细阐述了课程实施的流程和步骤;然后以《计算机组装与维护》课程为例,设计和开发了相应的微型课程,并进行了相关教学实验;最后通过调查问卷、访谈等,进一步验证了基于JITT的微型课程在中等职业学校教学中的必要性和有效性。
本文的研究为课程设计提出了新思路,有利于促进中等职业学校的课程建设,新的课程模式也增强了学生的学习兴趣,提高了中等职业学校的教学效果,对于培养和提高中等职业学校学生的创新能力和综合素质有重要作用。
As the most fundamental part of high school education in China, Secondary vocational education is responsible for cultivating high-caliber personnel and lays the significant foundation for the social and economic development. It plays an indispensable role in the whole education system. In recent years, to increase the students’interest of vocational education a series of measures have been taken by the state. Although a great deal of effort has been paid, the effect is still not satisfactory by now. The main reason is the different paces between training materials and social development while the content of training materials, which are short of operability, is lagged behind. As a result, curriculum designing becomes a new target for the teachers of vocational high schools. And personalized curriculum designing which is corresponded with the actual teaching needs will be an inevitable trend.
Under the background mentioned above, this article reviewed the basic meaning of minicourse and related research status. Based on the current situation of secondary vocational school, we analyzed the necessity of designing minicourse and present status of Just-In-Time Teaching mode which integrates Information Technology into the Curriculum. Using the theory of Teaching target classification, we put forward the basic modes and methods for the minicourse designing and developing according to the mode of Just-In-Time Teaching. The processes and procedures of curriculum implementation were also discussed in detail and a minicourse of Computer Assembly and Maintenance was designed. We carried out corresponding teaching experiments. Finally, through questionnaires and interviews, according to the mode of Just-In-Time Teaching we testified the feasibility and effectiveness of the minicourse designing and developing for vocational school.
The research in this paper provides a completely new idea for the course designing, which will do contribution to the construction of vocational school’s courses. It has far-reaching significance in improving students’learning effects, developing their creativity and general competence.
引文
[1] (德)诺伯特?M西尔,(荷)山尼?戴克斯特拉,任友群,杨蓓玉等译.教学设计中课程、规划和进程的国际观[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2009:15-18.
[2]刘素琴.中小学教育中微型课程的开发与应用研究[D].上海:上海师范大学,2007.
[3]何纪红.中等职业学校校本课程开发研究[D].湖北:华中师范大学,2006.
[4]李可夫,王爽.微型课程的概念界定[J].延安职业技术学院学报,2010,24(5):63.
[5]钟志贤.走向使用者设计:兴起、定义、意义与理由[J].中国电化教育,2005,(7):9-13.
[6]何克抗,郑永柏,谢幼如.教学系统设计[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2002:81-82.
[7]何克抗,李文光.教育技术学[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2002:222.
[8]百度百科.课程开发[EB/OL].http://baike.baidu.com/view/428105.htm,2010-11-28.
[9]赵为华,乌美娜,尹俊华.课程开发理论与课程开发模型[J].高等教育师范研究,1991,(8):54-57.
[10] Just-in-Time Teaching.[EB/OL].http://www.jitt.org,2010-12-2.
[11]马萌,何克抗.JITT-Blending Learning理念下的信息化教学模式[J].中国教育信息化,2008,(21):81-84.
[12]何克抗.从Blending Learning看教育技术理论的新发展[EB/OL]. http://www.etc.edu.cn/academist/hkk/blending.htm,2010-12-04.
[13] Just-in-Time Teaching.[EB/OL].http://jittdl.physics.iupui.edu/jitt/what.html,2010-12-03.
[14]田莉.及时教学的特点及对我国高校本科教学改革的启示[J].外国教育研究,2005,32(11):39-43.
[15]杨建华,陈鹏.现代教育学[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2003:380.
[16]爱陶.什么叫微型课程[J].教育科研通讯,1985,(3):60.
[17]曾文婕.微型课程:校本课程开发的新方向[J].教育科学研究,2009,(2):48.
[18]刘素芹.学校课程体系的新元素——微型课程[J].教育技术导刊,2007,(1):16-17.
[19]邓志伟.个性化教学论[M].上海:上海教育出版社,2003:324-325.
[20]崔允漷.校本课程开发:理论与实践[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2000:46-50.
[21]陈玉琨,沈玉顺.课程改革与课程评价[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2001:43.
[22]何克抗,刘春宣.信息技术与课程整合的教学模式研究之六——及时教学“(JITT)”模式[J].现代教育技术,2008,18(12):9-13.
[23]马云鹏,李广等.新课程理念下学科素养评价研究[M].吉林:东北师范大学出版社,2007:133-142
[2]刘素琴.中小学教育中微型课程的开发与应用研究[D].上海:上海师范大学,2007.
[3]何纪红.中等职业学校校本课程开发研究[D].湖北:华中师范大学,2006.
[4]李可夫,王爽.微型课程的概念界定[J].延安职业技术学院学报,2010,24(5):63.
[5]钟志贤.走向使用者设计:兴起、定义、意义与理由[J].中国电化教育,2005,(7):9-13.
[6]何克抗,郑永柏,谢幼如.教学系统设计[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2002:81-82.
[7]何克抗,李文光.教育技术学[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2002:222.
[8]百度百科.课程开发[EB/OL].http://baike.baidu.com/view/428105.htm,2010-11-28.
[9]赵为华,乌美娜,尹俊华.课程开发理论与课程开发模型[J].高等教育师范研究,1991,(8):54-57.
[10] Just-in-Time Teaching.[EB/OL].http://www.jitt.org,2010-12-2.
[11]马萌,何克抗.JITT-Blending Learning理念下的信息化教学模式[J].中国教育信息化,2008,(21):81-84.
[12]何克抗.从Blending Learning看教育技术理论的新发展[EB/OL]. http://www.etc.edu.cn/academist/hkk/blending.htm,2010-12-04.
[13] Just-in-Time Teaching.[EB/OL].http://jittdl.physics.iupui.edu/jitt/what.html,2010-12-03.
[14]田莉.及时教学的特点及对我国高校本科教学改革的启示[J].外国教育研究,2005,32(11):39-43.
[15]杨建华,陈鹏.现代教育学[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2003:380.
[16]爱陶.什么叫微型课程[J].教育科研通讯,1985,(3):60.
[17]曾文婕.微型课程:校本课程开发的新方向[J].教育科学研究,2009,(2):48.
[18]刘素芹.学校课程体系的新元素——微型课程[J].教育技术导刊,2007,(1):16-17.
[19]邓志伟.个性化教学论[M].上海:上海教育出版社,2003:324-325.
[20]崔允漷.校本课程开发:理论与实践[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2000:46-50.
[21]陈玉琨,沈玉顺.课程改革与课程评价[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2001:43.
[22]何克抗,刘春宣.信息技术与课程整合的教学模式研究之六——及时教学“(JITT)”模式[J].现代教育技术,2008,18(12):9-13.
[23]马云鹏,李广等.新课程理念下学科素养评价研究[M].吉林:东北师范大学出版社,2007:133-142