计算机辅助语言学习在英语教学中运用的研究
摘要
信息时代的到来意味着教学方式和学习方式的改变,随着先带技术的不断发展,计算机已深入教育领域,并得到迅速的发展,计算机在教学上的应用,使得教学手段、教学方法、教学观念与形式、课堂教学结构,乃至教学思想与教学理论都发生了变革。
由于信息技术对人类社会和教育的冲击和影响,计算机辅助语言学习在外语教学中已经成为一种趋势。简单的教学手段,如黑板、粉笔和录音机已经落后于时代。计算机辅助外语教学可以激发学生的学习兴趣,降低学生的心理焦虑,它可以有效地提供语言项目出现的语境,可以把真实的世界带进课堂,可以给学生更富的语言输入,可以帮助教师更有效地呈现语言材料,利用计算机和多媒体教学软件,探索新的教学模式,促进学生的个性化学习。
然而,在班级授课制下,计算机辅助教学手段对提高课堂教学效率到底有多大效果,如何进行CALL教学,如何实现计算机辅助语言学习在英语教学中的运用?运用CALL教学应注意什么问题?又如何制作优质实用的CALL教学软件进行教学呢?
本文正是针对上述问题进行研究,提供正确的理论基础及实践使用方法,解决语言教师困惑。从而使计算机辅助教学更好地应用于课堂教学,培养学生学习兴趣及帮助他们更好地掌握英语知识。计算机辅助教学,就是在英语教学中使用计算机及其他如多媒体,因特网等功能。
本文就:研究背景和意义、研究方法与内容、研究过程与主要措施、研究成果、自我评价及建议作如下介绍。
本项研究使用了混合研究方法,通过对问卷观察、计算机记录、访谈资料和数据的分析,研究者认为计算机辅助语言学习符合实际需要,并有助于学生更有效地掌握语言。提高学生学习的主动性和积极性,增强他们文化意识和知识。能满足不同学习方式和不同层次的学生需要,学生对这一新的教学方式持肯定态度。
The coming of the Information times means the changes of the teaching fashion and studying way. With the development of modern information technology, computers have come into the education field and developed quickly. Its application to the teaching makes the charges that take place in teaching aids teaching fashion, the views to textbooks, teaching structures of classrooms and teaching beliefs and teaching theories. Simple teaching tools such as the blackboard, chalks and tape recorders have fallen behind the times.
Due to the impact and influence of information technology on society and education, computer-assisted language learning is becoming the trend in foreign language teaching. CALL could arouse the students' interests for study. It could provide the situations that appear in the language items. It can also bring the real world to the classrooms and help the teachers to present the language materials effectively.
However, under the system of classroom teaching, how efficiently on earth does the computer-assisted instruction means improve classroom teaching, how to carry on CALL teaching, how to realize the application of the computer in English teaching of auxiliary language learning? What to be paid attention to when using CALL teaching? How to make high-quality practical CALL teaching software and carry on teaching?
This text just carries on research to above-mentioned problems, offers the correct theoretical foundation and practice operation method, solves a language teacher's puzzles, thus makes the computer-assisted instruction apply to the classroom instruction better, trains students to study the interest and helps them to grasp the knowledge of English better. Computer-assisted instruction uses the computer and other like the multimedia in English teaching, such functions as Internet, etc.
This text is on: Research background and meaning, research approach and content, research course and main measure, research results, appraising and proposing, makes the following introduction.
This research has used the research approach of mixing, analysis through observing to the questionnaire, computer writing down, interview materials and data, the researcher thinks the auxiliary language learning of the computer meets realistic needs, helps student's grasp languages more effectively, improves the initiative and enthusiasm of student's study, strengthens their cultural consciousness and knowledge, and can also meet different students' needs who study in different ways and under different levels. Students hold a definite attitude to this new teaching way.
由于信息技术对人类社会和教育的冲击和影响,计算机辅助语言学习在外语教学中已经成为一种趋势。简单的教学手段,如黑板、粉笔和录音机已经落后于时代。计算机辅助外语教学可以激发学生的学习兴趣,降低学生的心理焦虑,它可以有效地提供语言项目出现的语境,可以把真实的世界带进课堂,可以给学生更富的语言输入,可以帮助教师更有效地呈现语言材料,利用计算机和多媒体教学软件,探索新的教学模式,促进学生的个性化学习。
然而,在班级授课制下,计算机辅助教学手段对提高课堂教学效率到底有多大效果,如何进行CALL教学,如何实现计算机辅助语言学习在英语教学中的运用?运用CALL教学应注意什么问题?又如何制作优质实用的CALL教学软件进行教学呢?
本文正是针对上述问题进行研究,提供正确的理论基础及实践使用方法,解决语言教师困惑。从而使计算机辅助教学更好地应用于课堂教学,培养学生学习兴趣及帮助他们更好地掌握英语知识。计算机辅助教学,就是在英语教学中使用计算机及其他如多媒体,因特网等功能。
本文就:研究背景和意义、研究方法与内容、研究过程与主要措施、研究成果、自我评价及建议作如下介绍。
本项研究使用了混合研究方法,通过对问卷观察、计算机记录、访谈资料和数据的分析,研究者认为计算机辅助语言学习符合实际需要,并有助于学生更有效地掌握语言。提高学生学习的主动性和积极性,增强他们文化意识和知识。能满足不同学习方式和不同层次的学生需要,学生对这一新的教学方式持肯定态度。
The coming of the Information times means the changes of the teaching fashion and studying way. With the development of modern information technology, computers have come into the education field and developed quickly. Its application to the teaching makes the charges that take place in teaching aids teaching fashion, the views to textbooks, teaching structures of classrooms and teaching beliefs and teaching theories. Simple teaching tools such as the blackboard, chalks and tape recorders have fallen behind the times.
Due to the impact and influence of information technology on society and education, computer-assisted language learning is becoming the trend in foreign language teaching. CALL could arouse the students' interests for study. It could provide the situations that appear in the language items. It can also bring the real world to the classrooms and help the teachers to present the language materials effectively.
However, under the system of classroom teaching, how efficiently on earth does the computer-assisted instruction means improve classroom teaching, how to carry on CALL teaching, how to realize the application of the computer in English teaching of auxiliary language learning? What to be paid attention to when using CALL teaching? How to make high-quality practical CALL teaching software and carry on teaching?
This text just carries on research to above-mentioned problems, offers the correct theoretical foundation and practice operation method, solves a language teacher's puzzles, thus makes the computer-assisted instruction apply to the classroom instruction better, trains students to study the interest and helps them to grasp the knowledge of English better. Computer-assisted instruction uses the computer and other like the multimedia in English teaching, such functions as Internet, etc.
This text is on: Research background and meaning, research approach and content, research course and main measure, research results, appraising and proposing, makes the following introduction.
This research has used the research approach of mixing, analysis through observing to the questionnaire, computer writing down, interview materials and data, the researcher thinks the auxiliary language learning of the computer meets realistic needs, helps student's grasp languages more effectively, improves the initiative and enthusiasm of student's study, strengthens their cultural consciousness and knowledge, and can also meet different students' needs who study in different ways and under different levels. Students hold a definite attitude to this new teaching way.
引文
Abmad,K.,Corbett,G.,Rogers,M.,& Sussex,R.(1985).Computers,language learning and language teaching.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Altman,H.B.(1972).Individualised foreign language instruction:Ex uno plura.In H.B.Altman(Ed.),Individualising the foreign language classroom:Perspectives for teachers(pp.1-14).Rowley,MA:Newbury House.
Athelstan.(1995.Technologyband language learning yearbook,vol.6.HOUSTON,tx:Athestan.)
Bermudan,V.,Moore,S.,Morgan,G.,& Rowe,P.(1982)."Individualised Spanish at an undergraduate institution:Implementation and evaluation."Modern Language Journal,66,150-154.
Barson,J.,&Debski,R.(in press)."Calling back CALL:Technology in the service of foreign language learning based on creativity,contingency and goal-oriented activity",In M.Warschauer(Ed),TeTecollaboration in Foreign Language Learning:Proceedings of the Hawaii Symposium.Honolulu,HI:University of Hawaii Second Language Teaching and Curriculam Center.
Bowers,R.(1995).WWW-Based Instruction for EST.In T.Orr(Eds.),English for Science and Technology:Profiles and Perspectives(pp.5-8).Aizuwakamatsu,Japan:Center for Language Research,University of Aizu.
Bowers,R.(in press).Web publishing for students of EST.In M.Warschauer(Eds.),Virtual connections:Online activities and projects for networking language learners Honolulu,Hawaii:University of Hawaii Second Language Teaching and Curriculum Center.
Brierley,B.,& Kemble,I.(1991).Computers as a tool in language teaching New York:Ellis Horwood.
Brown,H.D.(1981).Affective factors in second language learning.In J.E.Alatis,H.B.Altman,& P.M.Alatis(Eds.),The second language classroom:Directions for the 1980s(pp.111-129).New York:Oxford University Press.
Bush,M.D.,R.M.Terry(editors.),Technology-Enhanced Language Learning(M.).1996.Church,D.M.(1986).Textbook specific computer exercises for elementary French students.Modern Language Journal,70,251-257.
Dunkel,P.(1987).Computer-assisted instruction(CAI)and computer assisted language learning (CALL):Past dilemmas and future prospects for audible CALL.Modern Language Journal,71,250-260.
Froke,M.A vision and promise:Distance education at Penn State,Prate,Partl-Toward an experience-based definition(J).The Jlurnal of Continuing Higher Education,42(2),16-22.1994.
Garrett,N.(1991).Technology in the service of language learning:Trends and issues.Modern Language Journal,75(1),74-101.
Higgins,J.(1988).Language,learners and computers.London:Longman.
Healey,D.,& Johnson,N.(Ed.).(1995a).1995 TESOL CALL interest section software list.Alexandria,VA:TESOL Publications.H
ealey,D.,& Johnson,N.(1995b).A brief introduction to CALL.In D.Healey & N.Johnson(Eds.),1995 TESOL CALL interest section software list(pp.ⅲ-ⅶ).Alexandria,VA:TESOL Publications.
Ishihara,K.,Kitao,K.,& Yamauehi,N.(1992).Ooshisha daigaku no eigo CAI[English CAI at Doshisha University].In Edasawa,Y,,Ishihara,K.,Kitao,K.,Mine,H.,Saeki,N.,Yamauchi,N.,Yoshida,H.,& Yoshida,S.(Eds.),Hajimete no CAI:Yoriyoi eigo kyoiku o motomete [Introduction to CAI:Seeking better English education](pp.211-235).Kyoto:Yamaguchi Shoten.
Jenks,F.L.(1981).Learners' needs and the selection of compatible materials.In J.E.Alatis,H.B.Altman,& P.M.Alatis(Eds.),The second language classroom:Directions for the 1980s (pp.211-226).New York:Oxford University Press.
Kenning,M.-M.,& Kenning,M.J.(1990).Computers and language learning:Current theory and practice.New York:Ellis Horwood.
Kitao,K.(1976).Beikoku no shogakko ni okeru kokugo kyoiku[Language,arts instruction at an American elementary school].Eigo no Mado[Window of English],157,18-21.
Kitao,K.(1983).Saikin no eigo kyoiku no doko[Trends in recent English instruction].JALT Newsletter,7(6),6-7.11-12.
Kitao,K.(1989).Eigo no kobetsu dokkai shido:ESL kona no riyo[Individualized instruction of English:Using ESL corner].Doshisha Studies in English,49,137-160.
Kitao,K.(1991).Eigo CBI no kaihatsu:Doshisha daigaku no baai[Developing English CBI:The case of Doshisha University].Doshisha Studies in English,54,259-285.
Kitao,K.(1992a).Developing English CBI programs at Doshisha University.The Doshisha Business Review,43,451-484.
Kitao,K.(1992b).Doshisha daigaku ni okeru eigo kodoku CBI no koka[Results of English reading CBI at Doshisha University](1).Doshisha Studies in English,56,358-393.
Kitao,K.(1993a).Doshisha daigaku ni okeru eigo kodoku CBI no koka[Results of English reading CBI at Doshisha University](2).Doshisha Studies in English,59,87-142.
Kitao,K.(1993b).Gakushusha no CAI jugyo ni taisuru hanno[Responses of students to CAI classes](1).LL Tsushin[LL Communications],171,14-17.
Nozawa,K.,Shimatani,H.,& Yamamoto,M.(Eds.).(1993).Computer riyo no gaikokugo kyoiku:CAI no doko to jissen[Foreign language education using computers:Trends and practice in CAI].Tokyo:Eichosha.
Otto,F.(1988).Using the computer.In J.B.Gleason(Ed.),You can take it with you:Helping students maintain foreign language skills beyond the classroom(pp.70-91).Englewood Cliffs,NJ:Prentice Hall Regents.
Ortega,Lourdes,Processes and ortcomes in networked classroom interaction [J].Language Learning & Technology,Vol.1,No.1,July 1997
PUSACK,J.P.,& Otto,S.K.(1990_).Applying instructional technologies.Foreign Language Annals,23(5),409-417
Taylor,M.B.,& Perez,L.M.(1989).Something to do on Monday.La Jolla,CA:Athelstan.
Taylor,R.(1980).The computer in the school:Tutor,tool,tutee.New York:Teachers College Press.
Underwood,J.(1984).Linguistics,computers,and the language teacher:A communicative approach.Rowley,MA:Newbury House.
Underwood,J.(1989).On the edge:Intelligent CALL in the 1990s.Computers and the Humanities,23,71-84.
Warschauer,M.(1995a).E-Mail for English teaching.Alexandria,VA:TESOL Publications.
Warschauer,M.(Ed.)(1995b).Virtual connections:Online activities and projects for networking language learners.Honolulu,HI:University of Hawai'i,Second Language Teaching and Curriculum Center.
Warschauer,M.(1996).Comparing face-to-face and electronic communication in the second language classroom.CALICO Journal,13(2),7-26.
Warschauer,M.(1999).Electronic literacies:Language,culture,and power in online education.Hillsdale,NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Warschauer,M.2000.Internet for English Teaching.Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages,Inc.USA
“李岚清副总理在外语教学座谈会的讲话”,《中小学外语教学》1996(10)
周富强.“英特网和外语教学:机会与挑战”,[J].外语与外语教学,2000(11)
周富强 “论CALL中教师面临的障碍”,外语与外语教学,2001(3)
张冲,“CALL与外语教学管理新体系前瞻”,《外语界》,1998,(2)
张超,“加快发展我国多媒体计算机辅助教学”,《教育发展研究》,2000,(7)
王莹,“计算机辅助语言教学课件的制作和应用”,《外语研究》,2000,(1)
刘海平,“计算机网络与英语教学”,《外语界》,1998,(2)
Altman,H.B.(1972).Individualised foreign language instruction:Ex uno plura.In H.B.Altman(Ed.),Individualising the foreign language classroom:Perspectives for teachers(pp.1-14).Rowley,MA:Newbury House.
Athelstan.(1995.Technologyband language learning yearbook,vol.6.HOUSTON,tx:Athestan.)
Bermudan,V.,Moore,S.,Morgan,G.,& Rowe,P.(1982)."Individualised Spanish at an undergraduate institution:Implementation and evaluation."Modern Language Journal,66,150-154.
Barson,J.,&Debski,R.(in press)."Calling back CALL:Technology in the service of foreign language learning based on creativity,contingency and goal-oriented activity",In M.Warschauer(Ed),TeTecollaboration in Foreign Language Learning:Proceedings of the Hawaii Symposium.Honolulu,HI:University of Hawaii Second Language Teaching and Curriculam Center.
Bowers,R.(1995).WWW-Based Instruction for EST.In T.Orr(Eds.),English for Science and Technology:Profiles and Perspectives(pp.5-8).Aizuwakamatsu,Japan:Center for Language Research,University of Aizu.
Bowers,R.(in press).Web publishing for students of EST.In M.Warschauer(Eds.),Virtual connections:Online activities and projects for networking language learners Honolulu,Hawaii:University of Hawaii Second Language Teaching and Curriculum Center.
Brierley,B.,& Kemble,I.(1991).Computers as a tool in language teaching New York:Ellis Horwood.
Brown,H.D.(1981).Affective factors in second language learning.In J.E.Alatis,H.B.Altman,& P.M.Alatis(Eds.),The second language classroom:Directions for the 1980s(pp.111-129).New York:Oxford University Press.
Bush,M.D.,R.M.Terry(editors.),Technology-Enhanced Language Learning(M.).1996.Church,D.M.(1986).Textbook specific computer exercises for elementary French students.Modern Language Journal,70,251-257.
Dunkel,P.(1987).Computer-assisted instruction(CAI)and computer assisted language learning (CALL):Past dilemmas and future prospects for audible CALL.Modern Language Journal,71,250-260.
Froke,M.A vision and promise:Distance education at Penn State,Prate,Partl-Toward an experience-based definition(J).The Jlurnal of Continuing Higher Education,42(2),16-22.1994.
Garrett,N.(1991).Technology in the service of language learning:Trends and issues.Modern Language Journal,75(1),74-101.
Higgins,J.(1988).Language,learners and computers.London:Longman.
Healey,D.,& Johnson,N.(Ed.).(1995a).1995 TESOL CALL interest section software list.Alexandria,VA:TESOL Publications.H
ealey,D.,& Johnson,N.(1995b).A brief introduction to CALL.In D.Healey & N.Johnson(Eds.),1995 TESOL CALL interest section software list(pp.ⅲ-ⅶ).Alexandria,VA:TESOL Publications.
Ishihara,K.,Kitao,K.,& Yamauehi,N.(1992).Ooshisha daigaku no eigo CAI[English CAI at Doshisha University].In Edasawa,Y,,Ishihara,K.,Kitao,K.,Mine,H.,Saeki,N.,Yamauchi,N.,Yoshida,H.,& Yoshida,S.(Eds.),Hajimete no CAI:Yoriyoi eigo kyoiku o motomete [Introduction to CAI:Seeking better English education](pp.211-235).Kyoto:Yamaguchi Shoten.
Jenks,F.L.(1981).Learners' needs and the selection of compatible materials.In J.E.Alatis,H.B.Altman,& P.M.Alatis(Eds.),The second language classroom:Directions for the 1980s (pp.211-226).New York:Oxford University Press.
Kenning,M.-M.,& Kenning,M.J.(1990).Computers and language learning:Current theory and practice.New York:Ellis Horwood.
Kitao,K.(1976).Beikoku no shogakko ni okeru kokugo kyoiku[Language,arts instruction at an American elementary school].Eigo no Mado[Window of English],157,18-21.
Kitao,K.(1983).Saikin no eigo kyoiku no doko[Trends in recent English instruction].JALT Newsletter,7(6),6-7.11-12.
Kitao,K.(1989).Eigo no kobetsu dokkai shido:ESL kona no riyo[Individualized instruction of English:Using ESL corner].Doshisha Studies in English,49,137-160.
Kitao,K.(1991).Eigo CBI no kaihatsu:Doshisha daigaku no baai[Developing English CBI:The case of Doshisha University].Doshisha Studies in English,54,259-285.
Kitao,K.(1992a).Developing English CBI programs at Doshisha University.The Doshisha Business Review,43,451-484.
Kitao,K.(1992b).Doshisha daigaku ni okeru eigo kodoku CBI no koka[Results of English reading CBI at Doshisha University](1).Doshisha Studies in English,56,358-393.
Kitao,K.(1993a).Doshisha daigaku ni okeru eigo kodoku CBI no koka[Results of English reading CBI at Doshisha University](2).Doshisha Studies in English,59,87-142.
Kitao,K.(1993b).Gakushusha no CAI jugyo ni taisuru hanno[Responses of students to CAI classes](1).LL Tsushin[LL Communications],171,14-17.
Nozawa,K.,Shimatani,H.,& Yamamoto,M.(Eds.).(1993).Computer riyo no gaikokugo kyoiku:CAI no doko to jissen[Foreign language education using computers:Trends and practice in CAI].Tokyo:Eichosha.
Otto,F.(1988).Using the computer.In J.B.Gleason(Ed.),You can take it with you:Helping students maintain foreign language skills beyond the classroom(pp.70-91).Englewood Cliffs,NJ:Prentice Hall Regents.
Ortega,Lourdes,Processes and ortcomes in networked classroom interaction [J].Language Learning & Technology,Vol.1,No.1,July 1997
PUSACK,J.P.,& Otto,S.K.(1990_).Applying instructional technologies.Foreign Language Annals,23(5),409-417
Taylor,M.B.,& Perez,L.M.(1989).Something to do on Monday.La Jolla,CA:Athelstan.
Taylor,R.(1980).The computer in the school:Tutor,tool,tutee.New York:Teachers College Press.
Underwood,J.(1984).Linguistics,computers,and the language teacher:A communicative approach.Rowley,MA:Newbury House.
Underwood,J.(1989).On the edge:Intelligent CALL in the 1990s.Computers and the Humanities,23,71-84.
Warschauer,M.(1995a).E-Mail for English teaching.Alexandria,VA:TESOL Publications.
Warschauer,M.(Ed.)(1995b).Virtual connections:Online activities and projects for networking language learners.Honolulu,HI:University of Hawai'i,Second Language Teaching and Curriculum Center.
Warschauer,M.(1996).Comparing face-to-face and electronic communication in the second language classroom.CALICO Journal,13(2),7-26.
Warschauer,M.(1999).Electronic literacies:Language,culture,and power in online education.Hillsdale,NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Warschauer,M.2000.Internet for English Teaching.Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages,Inc.USA
“李岚清副总理在外语教学座谈会的讲话”,《中小学外语教学》1996(10)
周富强.“英特网和外语教学:机会与挑战”,[J].外语与外语教学,2000(11)
周富强 “论CALL中教师面临的障碍”,外语与外语教学,2001(3)
张冲,“CALL与外语教学管理新体系前瞻”,《外语界》,1998,(2)
张超,“加快发展我国多媒体计算机辅助教学”,《教育发展研究》,2000,(7)
王莹,“计算机辅助语言教学课件的制作和应用”,《外语研究》,2000,(1)
刘海平,“计算机网络与英语教学”,《外语界》,1998,(2)