面向对象技术在卫生监测系统中的应用
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摘要
近年来由于国内卫生事业的迅猛发展,对卫生监测事业提出了更高的要求,发展新一代的安全可靠、功能完善、性能先进的卫生监测系统迫在眉睫。用传统的软件设计方法开发的卫生监测系统可维护性差,不适应卫生事业发展的需要,而面向对象的软件工程开发技术能很好的解决这个问题。本文从面向对象软件工程的角度,进行了大量深入细致的研究,设计和实现了面向不同层次的组件,开发设计出了新一代的卫生监测系统。提高了系统复用,增强系统可扩展性、可移植性。本文全面阐述了本系统设计开发的全过程。主要的工作分为以下几部分:
(1)基于面向对象的软件工程技术的软件开发的研究
相比传统开发方法,面向对象开发技术具有很好的可移植性、可扩展性和可维护性等特点。对于象卫生监测系统这样的大型软件系统,充分发挥面向对象技术的特点,通过业务建模,设计出合理的对象和构件,并利用迭代式软件开发过程的优势,逐步集成,可以降低技术和市场风险,并取得了良好效果。
(2)利用UML对卫生监测系统进行需求分析。
需求分析的根本任务是明确系统要完成的功能,建立可理解的模型。它在软件工程中具有极其重要的地位。UML是一种编制系统蓝图的标准化语言,可以实现大型复杂系统各种成分描述的可视化、说明并构造系统模型,以及建立各种所需的文档。在实际开发过程中,我们利用UML完成了需求分析的全过程,建立了用例图、静态结构图和动态行为图,为后续开发打下了良好的基础。
(3)模块结构的设计
采用“模块结构”设计,将复杂的调用关系从功能角度分析,分模块的设计和维护,将卫生监测系统分为不同的模块,将一些基本的系统服务安排在较低层次的数据字典模块中,为上层服务提供支持。面向用户具体需求的功能在应用模块中实现,有效的提高了系统的可维护性和可移植性。
(4)设计和实现卫生监测系统的数据库。
卫生监测系统的主要任务就是处理大量的数据以获得所需要的信息。这就必然要存储和利用大量的、各种类型的数据。在实际开发过程中,我们利用数据库技术使系统能在已有的条件下,具有处理速度快、占用存储空间少、操作处理过程简单、查找容易、系统开销低等特点。
(5)探讨了主要开发技术
本系统利用delphi作为开发软件,对系统开发时出现的动态连接数据库;数据库与树型结构转换;大二进制字数的读取等问题进行了分析,并提供了解决问题的方案。
In recent years, with the domestic hygienic enterprise violently developing, a higher request is proposed to the hygienic monitor enterprise. Therefore, it is imminent to develop the new generation of health monitor system with reliable security, consummate function and advanced performance. The traditional structure software design with poor maintenance ability is unsuitable to meet the needs of hygienic enterprise. But the technique of Software Engineering based on Object Oriented can solve this problem very well. On the view of Software Engineering based on Object Oriented, the thesis did so much detail research, designed components on different levels and developed the new generation of hygienic monitor system, which improve the system's reusing, expandability and migration capacity. Moreover, it comprehensively elaborated the whole process of hygienic monitor system software development. Main work is the following:(1) The research on the Object Oriented Software Engineering in the software developmentCompared wilh traditional design, the new one based on object has many merits, such as good migration capacity, expandability and maintainability. For such great Hygienic monitor system software, it is more suitable if we take the advantage of this technique. After important business modeling and development of reasonable object and components, we integrate these elements; we can reduce risk of technique and market to achieve good results.(2) UML accomplish the hygienic monitor system requirement analysisThe purpose of the requirement analysis is to definite the function of the system and to establish the understandable models, which is the significant in the software engineering. . UML is the standardization language to draw up a system blueprint, picturing the components description of large-scaled and complicated system, illustrating and constructing the system model, and set up various files. In the practical developing process, UML accomplish the hygienic monitor system requirement analysis, forms the static structure and dynamic action maps, therefore, lay a good foundation for the follow-up development.(3) Model Structure Design PatternUsing "Model Structure" design, we analyze complicated calling relationships from the function point of view, design and maintain them in layered structure. The hygienic monitor system is divided into different models. We can arrange for some basic system service into a lower layer data models to provide service for higher layer.
General functions provided to ihe users are implemented in application models, and thus greatly enhanced system's maintainability and portability.(4) Design and achieve the data of hygienic monitor systemThe principal task of hygienic monitor system is to deal with a large amount of data and obtain the required information. It is essential to memorize and use a variety of data. In practice, being based on this data technique, the system has such good features of fast development, less storage space, easy operating and low cost etc.(5) Discussed the major developing techniquesBeing based on delphi software, it analyzes some problems of dynamic connection with data, the exchange of data and tree structure, the read of binary digit, and provides the solutions.
(1)基于面向对象的软件工程技术的软件开发的研究
相比传统开发方法,面向对象开发技术具有很好的可移植性、可扩展性和可维护性等特点。对于象卫生监测系统这样的大型软件系统,充分发挥面向对象技术的特点,通过业务建模,设计出合理的对象和构件,并利用迭代式软件开发过程的优势,逐步集成,可以降低技术和市场风险,并取得了良好效果。
(2)利用UML对卫生监测系统进行需求分析。
需求分析的根本任务是明确系统要完成的功能,建立可理解的模型。它在软件工程中具有极其重要的地位。UML是一种编制系统蓝图的标准化语言,可以实现大型复杂系统各种成分描述的可视化、说明并构造系统模型,以及建立各种所需的文档。在实际开发过程中,我们利用UML完成了需求分析的全过程,建立了用例图、静态结构图和动态行为图,为后续开发打下了良好的基础。
(3)模块结构的设计
采用“模块结构”设计,将复杂的调用关系从功能角度分析,分模块的设计和维护,将卫生监测系统分为不同的模块,将一些基本的系统服务安排在较低层次的数据字典模块中,为上层服务提供支持。面向用户具体需求的功能在应用模块中实现,有效的提高了系统的可维护性和可移植性。
(4)设计和实现卫生监测系统的数据库。
卫生监测系统的主要任务就是处理大量的数据以获得所需要的信息。这就必然要存储和利用大量的、各种类型的数据。在实际开发过程中,我们利用数据库技术使系统能在已有的条件下,具有处理速度快、占用存储空间少、操作处理过程简单、查找容易、系统开销低等特点。
(5)探讨了主要开发技术
本系统利用delphi作为开发软件,对系统开发时出现的动态连接数据库;数据库与树型结构转换;大二进制字数的读取等问题进行了分析,并提供了解决问题的方案。
In recent years, with the domestic hygienic enterprise violently developing, a higher request is proposed to the hygienic monitor enterprise. Therefore, it is imminent to develop the new generation of health monitor system with reliable security, consummate function and advanced performance. The traditional structure software design with poor maintenance ability is unsuitable to meet the needs of hygienic enterprise. But the technique of Software Engineering based on Object Oriented can solve this problem very well. On the view of Software Engineering based on Object Oriented, the thesis did so much detail research, designed components on different levels and developed the new generation of hygienic monitor system, which improve the system's reusing, expandability and migration capacity. Moreover, it comprehensively elaborated the whole process of hygienic monitor system software development. Main work is the following:(1) The research on the Object Oriented Software Engineering in the software developmentCompared wilh traditional design, the new one based on object has many merits, such as good migration capacity, expandability and maintainability. For such great Hygienic monitor system software, it is more suitable if we take the advantage of this technique. After important business modeling and development of reasonable object and components, we integrate these elements; we can reduce risk of technique and market to achieve good results.(2) UML accomplish the hygienic monitor system requirement analysisThe purpose of the requirement analysis is to definite the function of the system and to establish the understandable models, which is the significant in the software engineering. . UML is the standardization language to draw up a system blueprint, picturing the components description of large-scaled and complicated system, illustrating and constructing the system model, and set up various files. In the practical developing process, UML accomplish the hygienic monitor system requirement analysis, forms the static structure and dynamic action maps, therefore, lay a good foundation for the follow-up development.(3) Model Structure Design PatternUsing "Model Structure" design, we analyze complicated calling relationships from the function point of view, design and maintain them in layered structure. The hygienic monitor system is divided into different models. We can arrange for some basic system service into a lower layer data models to provide service for higher layer.
General functions provided to ihe users are implemented in application models, and thus greatly enhanced system's maintainability and portability.(4) Design and achieve the data of hygienic monitor systemThe principal task of hygienic monitor system is to deal with a large amount of data and obtain the required information. It is essential to memorize and use a variety of data. In practice, being based on this data technique, the system has such good features of fast development, less storage space, easy operating and low cost etc.(5) Discussed the major developing techniquesBeing based on delphi software, it analyzes some problems of dynamic connection with data, the exchange of data and tree structure, the read of binary digit, and provides the solutions.
引文
【1】G. Booch. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications (2nd ed.). Addision Wesley Longman, 1994. P23
【2】Roger S.Pressman. Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach. Sixth Edition. McGraw-Hill. 2004-11-1. P67
【3】Martin Fowler. Refactoring to Patterns Specification.中国电力出版社.2003-7-12. P67
【4】Bjarne Stroustrup. The C++ Programming Language,机械工业出版社.2002. P105
【5】Erich Gamma Richard Helm Ralph Johnson John vlissides. Design Patterns Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software. Pearson Education. 2002-3-1. p78
【6】John J., Barton, and Lee R. Nackman. Scientific and Engineering C++, An Introduction with Advanced Techniques and Examples. Addison Wesley Longman, 1994. p90
【7】周笑庭,基于X窗口系统的操作回放模型研究,中国民航飞行学院学报2003.02.p32
【8】沈备军,居德华,杨根兴.软件企业的知识管理.计算机应用与软件.2005年5月,ISSN1000-386X.p76
【9】李建平,计算机图形学原理,电子科技大学出版社,1998
【10】Mark Collins-Cope. Object Oriented Analysis and Design Using UML. Ratio Group. P96
【11】沈备军,陈诚,居德华.敏捷软件过程的研究.计算机研究与发展.39(11),2002年11月,p87
【12】王少锋.面向对象技术UML教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2004年2月P67
【13】张恂,用敏捷方法实施基于CMM的软件过程改进,Dr.Dobb's软件研发.2002.8.9,p35
【14】田小鹏,CMM的级别是无序—有序的过程,计算机教育,2005年第2期,p67
【15】彭泉、崔德光、李晓强,基于人类认知规律的应用系统人机界面设计,计算机应用与工程,2001(19)p89
【16】张学工、刘业新,Xwindow/Motif编程速成,清华大学出版社,1998(3)p67
【17】www.coe.missouri.edu/~is334/projects/Delphi_DL/Oefault.htm
【18】www.coe.missouri.edu/~is334/course/LESSON7/
【19】www.coe.missouri.edu/~is334/projects/Delphi_DL/Questions2. htm
【20】Barry Boehm,Agile and Plan-Driven Methods Oil and Water? Agile Universe 2002 slides, Aug. 5, 2002.
【21】Robert Charette, THE DECISION IS IN: AGILE VERSUS HEAVY METHODOLOGIES, Agile Project Management Executive Update, VOL. 2, NO.19, Cutter Consortium, 2002.
【22】Dayid M.Dikel著,张恂译,《软件架构:组织原则与模式》,机械工业出版社,2002年8月第1版。P57
【23】Watts S. Humphrey, Setting the hgile Context, Agile Universe 2002 slides, Aug. 2002. p67
【24】Donald J. Reifer, XP and the CMM, IEEE Software, May/June 2003. p78
【25】Walker Royce著,周伯生等译,《软件项目管理:一个统一的框架》,机械工业出版社,2002年8月,p89
【26】《电脑编程技巧与维护》杂志社,Delphi编程技巧典型案例解析,中国电力出版社,2005年06月,p73
【27】唱江华 邓文新,Delphi面向对象程序设计教程,北京航空航天大学出版社,2003年7月,p239
【28】杨海东,刘海英,Delphi数据库高级实例导航,科学出版社,2004年6月,p89
【29】颜文跃:王元珍;冯玉才,SQL语言面向对象功能的扩展,计算机研究与发展,2000.11,p64
【30】王兰波:雷渭侣,使用SQL环境中的复杂对象实现数据管理,广东通信技术2000,20,p78
【31】李慧;贾纳豫;楼荣生,图搜索中A~*算法的SQL解法,中国计算机文献数据库(JSJ)
【32】傅亮:凌颖;朱秋萍,与Sybase SQL Server交互的客户应用程序设计方法,中国计算机文献数据库(JSJ)
【33】伊瑞涯.C/S模式下销售信息化管理系统设计与实现.拖拉机与农用运输车,2004年8月,第4期:P61
【34】朱勤.信息化概念和意义探讨.韶关学院学报(自然科学版),2002年3月,第23卷,第3期:P39-44
【35】钱君德.企业信息化过程中的重大误区,应用·企业信息化,2001年12月,总第328期:P15
【36】曾建兵,杨伟.我国中小企业发展战略探讨.商业研究,2000年11月,总第223期:P99
【37】范玉顺,胡耀光.企业信息化规划的基本框架与方法.机械加工与自动化,2004年第9期:P2
【38】郭振波.计算机销售管理系统.山东纺织工学院院报,1995年增刊,第10卷:P54
【39】孟雪梅.论中小企业信息系统建设.情报科学,2000年11月,第18卷,第11期:P1042
【40】WWW.JUNTUAN.CN/USER1/174/ARCHIVES/2005/9848.SHTML
【2】Roger S.Pressman. Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach. Sixth Edition. McGraw-Hill. 2004-11-1. P67
【3】Martin Fowler. Refactoring to Patterns Specification.中国电力出版社.2003-7-12. P67
【4】Bjarne Stroustrup. The C++ Programming Language,机械工业出版社.2002. P105
【5】Erich Gamma Richard Helm Ralph Johnson John vlissides. Design Patterns Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software. Pearson Education. 2002-3-1. p78
【6】John J., Barton, and Lee R. Nackman. Scientific and Engineering C++, An Introduction with Advanced Techniques and Examples. Addison Wesley Longman, 1994. p90
【7】周笑庭,基于X窗口系统的操作回放模型研究,中国民航飞行学院学报2003.02.p32
【8】沈备军,居德华,杨根兴.软件企业的知识管理.计算机应用与软件.2005年5月,ISSN1000-386X.p76
【9】李建平,计算机图形学原理,电子科技大学出版社,1998
【10】Mark Collins-Cope. Object Oriented Analysis and Design Using UML. Ratio Group. P96
【11】沈备军,陈诚,居德华.敏捷软件过程的研究.计算机研究与发展.39(11),2002年11月,p87
【12】王少锋.面向对象技术UML教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2004年2月P67
【13】张恂,用敏捷方法实施基于CMM的软件过程改进,Dr.Dobb's软件研发.2002.8.9,p35
【14】田小鹏,CMM的级别是无序—有序的过程,计算机教育,2005年第2期,p67
【15】彭泉、崔德光、李晓强,基于人类认知规律的应用系统人机界面设计,计算机应用与工程,2001(19)p89
【16】张学工、刘业新,Xwindow/Motif编程速成,清华大学出版社,1998(3)p67
【17】www.coe.missouri.edu/~is334/projects/Delphi_DL/Oefault.htm
【18】www.coe.missouri.edu/~is334/course/LESSON7/
【19】www.coe.missouri.edu/~is334/projects/Delphi_DL/Questions2. htm
【20】Barry Boehm,Agile and Plan-Driven Methods Oil and Water? Agile Universe 2002 slides, Aug. 5, 2002.
【21】Robert Charette, THE DECISION IS IN: AGILE VERSUS HEAVY METHODOLOGIES, Agile Project Management Executive Update, VOL. 2, NO.19, Cutter Consortium, 2002.
【22】Dayid M.Dikel著,张恂译,《软件架构:组织原则与模式》,机械工业出版社,2002年8月第1版。P57
【23】Watts S. Humphrey, Setting the hgile Context, Agile Universe 2002 slides, Aug. 2002. p67
【24】Donald J. Reifer, XP and the CMM, IEEE Software, May/June 2003. p78
【25】Walker Royce著,周伯生等译,《软件项目管理:一个统一的框架》,机械工业出版社,2002年8月,p89
【26】《电脑编程技巧与维护》杂志社,Delphi编程技巧典型案例解析,中国电力出版社,2005年06月,p73
【27】唱江华 邓文新,Delphi面向对象程序设计教程,北京航空航天大学出版社,2003年7月,p239
【28】杨海东,刘海英,Delphi数据库高级实例导航,科学出版社,2004年6月,p89
【29】颜文跃:王元珍;冯玉才,SQL语言面向对象功能的扩展,计算机研究与发展,2000.11,p64
【30】王兰波:雷渭侣,使用SQL环境中的复杂对象实现数据管理,广东通信技术2000,20,p78
【31】李慧;贾纳豫;楼荣生,图搜索中A~*算法的SQL解法,中国计算机文献数据库(JSJ)
【32】傅亮:凌颖;朱秋萍,与Sybase SQL Server交互的客户应用程序设计方法,中国计算机文献数据库(JSJ)
【33】伊瑞涯.C/S模式下销售信息化管理系统设计与实现.拖拉机与农用运输车,2004年8月,第4期:P61
【34】朱勤.信息化概念和意义探讨.韶关学院学报(自然科学版),2002年3月,第23卷,第3期:P39-44
【35】钱君德.企业信息化过程中的重大误区,应用·企业信息化,2001年12月,总第328期:P15
【36】曾建兵,杨伟.我国中小企业发展战略探讨.商业研究,2000年11月,总第223期:P99
【37】范玉顺,胡耀光.企业信息化规划的基本框架与方法.机械加工与自动化,2004年第9期:P2
【38】郭振波.计算机销售管理系统.山东纺织工学院院报,1995年增刊,第10卷:P54
【39】孟雪梅.论中小企业信息系统建设.情报科学,2000年11月,第18卷,第11期:P1042
【40】WWW.JUNTUAN.CN/USER1/174/ARCHIVES/2005/9848.SHTML