创业团队风险决策机理研究
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摘要
在建设创新型国家的大环境下,创业已成为时代的主旋律,是时代发展的需要,在社会创新系统中发挥着重要的作用。然而,经济的全球化、知识化加剧了创业的挑战性,致使合作创业成为主流、高科技创业成为时尚,进而使得创业决策更加复杂,呈现适应性、群体性、复杂性的特点；在这种情况下,传统“特质论”无法阐释当今的创业决策；传统的创业决策理论也无法适应现实的需要。为此,探索适应时代特征的创业决策机理,特别是创业团队风险决策机理,便显得尤为必要,对改善创业决策质量、效率和推动创业的发展有重要的意义。因此,本文选择创业团队风险决策机理为主题展开研究。
本文的研究对象定位于创业团队,通过综合运用多学科的理论和方法,对创业团队风险决策中的权责利配置机理、多目标权衡机理和自学习进化机理进行分析论证和实证研究。研究内容主要包括：
(1)通过对创业团队的定义、特征和要素进行诠释,界定了创业团队；通过对创业团队风险决策的定义、特征和过程进行诠释,分析了创业团队风险决策；通过对创业团队风险决策的认知心理学分析,挖掘了创业团队风险决策的认知因素、认知机理和认知规律；基于生态理性、适应性原理和协同进化,探讨了创业团队风险决策的适应性理论。
(2)分别从权、责、利不同视角探讨了创业团队风险决策中的配置问题。分析了创业团队风险决策过程中的权力扭曲效应,构建了创业团队风险决策的决策权分布模型,探讨了创业团队风险决策的决策权分布机理；研究了创业团队风险决策中的风险规避行为,并基于此构建了创业团队风险决策的风险配置模型,探讨了创业团队风险决策的风险配置机理；剖析了创业团队风险决策中的利益追逐行为,构建了创业团队风险决策的利益配置模型,研究了创业团队风险决策的利益配置机理。
(3)分别从多参照点权衡、投入产出目标权衡和短中长期目标权衡等视角研究了创业团队风险决策的多目标权衡机理。探讨了相关的多参照点效应、投入产出目标权衡效应和短中长期目标权衡效应；基于这些效应,对应地构建了创业团队风险决策的集对博弈模型、投入产出目标权衡博弈模型和短中长期目标权衡博弈模型。
(4)分别从学习行为分析、学习机制分析和系统动力学模型构建等视角研究了创业团队风险决策的学习机制。对创业团队风险决策进行了学习行为分析；探究了创业团队风险决策的学习机制。进而,构建了创业团队风险决策的系统动力学模型,并以三人创业团队为例,探讨了三人创业团队风险决策的学习问题。
Under the environment to build an innovative society, as propulsion, entrepreneurship has become the principal theme of times, and plays an important role in Chinese National Innovation System. Entrepreneurship meets the need of times development. However, globalization and knowledge economy aggravate the challenges faced by start-up enterprises. So cooperative ventures and high-tech ventures becomes mainstream and fashion, which makes entrepreneurial decision-making more complicated, and shows new characteristics such as adaptability, group, and complexity. Therefore, it can't be explained by the traditional "personality trait theory," and the traditional theory about entrepreneurial decision-making can't meet today's practical requirements. Therefore, it is quite necessary to research entrepreneurial decision-making mechanisms which are adaptable to the characteristics of times, especially the mechanisms of entrepreneurial team risk decision-making. It could improve the quality and efficiency of entrepreneurial decision-making and promote the development of entrepreneurship. Studies on the mechanism of entrepreneurial team risk decision-making have great theoretical and practical significance.
Taking entrepreneurial team as research object, the dissertation employs multi-disciplinary principles and methodologies to make the theoretical analysis and empirical research of three important problems, the first is the distribution mechanism of authority, responsibility and interest, the second is the tradeoff mechanism of multi-objective, and the third is the learning mechanism in entrepreneurial team risk decision-making. The major contents of the dissertation are summarized as follows.
(1) Explanatory notes are made on the definition, characteristics and elements of entrepreneurial team. Through annotating on the definition, characteristics and elements of entrepreneurial team risk decision-making, entrepreneurial team risk decision-making is analyzed. From the perspectives of cognitive psychology, the cognitive factors, mechanisms and laws of entrepreneurial team risk decision-making are analyzed; based on ecological rationality, adaptability theory and coevolution theory, the adaptability theory of entrepreneurial team risk decision-making is constructed, which provide a good foundation for the further study.
(2) The distribution of authority, responsibility and interest is discussed in entrepreneurial team risk decision-making. Thereinto, the effect of authority distortion is analyzed in entrepreneurial team risk decision-making, the distribution model of authority in entrepreneurial team risk decision-making is constructed, and the distribution mechanism of authority in entrepreneurial team risk decision-making is discussed. The behavior of risk aversion is analyzed in entrepreneurial team risk decision-making, the distribution model of risk in entrepreneurial team risk decision-making is constructed, and the distribution mechanism of risk in entrepreneurial team risk decision-making is discussed. The behavior of interest pursuit is analyzed in entrepreneurial team risk decision-making, the distribution model of interest in entrepreneurial team risk decision-making is constructed, and the distribution mechanism of interest in entrepreneurial team risk decision-making is discussed.
(3) From the perspectives of the tradeoff between multi-reference points, inputting objective and outputting objective, short-term objective, mid-term objective and long-term objective, the tradeoff mechanism of multi-objective in entrepreneurial team risk decision-making is studied. Firstly, the effect of multi-reference points, the tradeoff effect between inputting objective and outputting objective, the tradeoff effect between short-term objective, mid-term objective and long-term objective are discussed, then the set pair game model, the tradeoff game model between inputting objective and outputting objective and the tradeoff game model between short-term objective, mid-term objective and long-term objective are constructed in entrepreneurial team risk decision-making relevantly.
(4) The learning mechanism of entrepreneurial team risk decision-making is studied through the analysis of learning behavior, learning mechanism and construction of system dynamics model. The dissertation first analyses the learning behavior in entrepreneurial team risk decision-making, and then studies the learning mechanism of entrepreneurial team risk decision. Based on them, a system dynamics model of entrepreneurial team risk decision-making is constructed. Finally, taking tri-person entrepreneurial team as an example, the dissertation discusses the learning equation of risk decision-making in details.
本文的研究对象定位于创业团队,通过综合运用多学科的理论和方法,对创业团队风险决策中的权责利配置机理、多目标权衡机理和自学习进化机理进行分析论证和实证研究。研究内容主要包括：
(1)通过对创业团队的定义、特征和要素进行诠释,界定了创业团队；通过对创业团队风险决策的定义、特征和过程进行诠释,分析了创业团队风险决策；通过对创业团队风险决策的认知心理学分析,挖掘了创业团队风险决策的认知因素、认知机理和认知规律；基于生态理性、适应性原理和协同进化,探讨了创业团队风险决策的适应性理论。
(2)分别从权、责、利不同视角探讨了创业团队风险决策中的配置问题。分析了创业团队风险决策过程中的权力扭曲效应,构建了创业团队风险决策的决策权分布模型,探讨了创业团队风险决策的决策权分布机理；研究了创业团队风险决策中的风险规避行为,并基于此构建了创业团队风险决策的风险配置模型,探讨了创业团队风险决策的风险配置机理；剖析了创业团队风险决策中的利益追逐行为,构建了创业团队风险决策的利益配置模型,研究了创业团队风险决策的利益配置机理。
(3)分别从多参照点权衡、投入产出目标权衡和短中长期目标权衡等视角研究了创业团队风险决策的多目标权衡机理。探讨了相关的多参照点效应、投入产出目标权衡效应和短中长期目标权衡效应；基于这些效应,对应地构建了创业团队风险决策的集对博弈模型、投入产出目标权衡博弈模型和短中长期目标权衡博弈模型。
(4)分别从学习行为分析、学习机制分析和系统动力学模型构建等视角研究了创业团队风险决策的学习机制。对创业团队风险决策进行了学习行为分析；探究了创业团队风险决策的学习机制。进而,构建了创业团队风险决策的系统动力学模型,并以三人创业团队为例,探讨了三人创业团队风险决策的学习问题。
Under the environment to build an innovative society, as propulsion, entrepreneurship has become the principal theme of times, and plays an important role in Chinese National Innovation System. Entrepreneurship meets the need of times development. However, globalization and knowledge economy aggravate the challenges faced by start-up enterprises. So cooperative ventures and high-tech ventures becomes mainstream and fashion, which makes entrepreneurial decision-making more complicated, and shows new characteristics such as adaptability, group, and complexity. Therefore, it can't be explained by the traditional "personality trait theory," and the traditional theory about entrepreneurial decision-making can't meet today's practical requirements. Therefore, it is quite necessary to research entrepreneurial decision-making mechanisms which are adaptable to the characteristics of times, especially the mechanisms of entrepreneurial team risk decision-making. It could improve the quality and efficiency of entrepreneurial decision-making and promote the development of entrepreneurship. Studies on the mechanism of entrepreneurial team risk decision-making have great theoretical and practical significance.
Taking entrepreneurial team as research object, the dissertation employs multi-disciplinary principles and methodologies to make the theoretical analysis and empirical research of three important problems, the first is the distribution mechanism of authority, responsibility and interest, the second is the tradeoff mechanism of multi-objective, and the third is the learning mechanism in entrepreneurial team risk decision-making. The major contents of the dissertation are summarized as follows.
(1) Explanatory notes are made on the definition, characteristics and elements of entrepreneurial team. Through annotating on the definition, characteristics and elements of entrepreneurial team risk decision-making, entrepreneurial team risk decision-making is analyzed. From the perspectives of cognitive psychology, the cognitive factors, mechanisms and laws of entrepreneurial team risk decision-making are analyzed; based on ecological rationality, adaptability theory and coevolution theory, the adaptability theory of entrepreneurial team risk decision-making is constructed, which provide a good foundation for the further study.
(2) The distribution of authority, responsibility and interest is discussed in entrepreneurial team risk decision-making. Thereinto, the effect of authority distortion is analyzed in entrepreneurial team risk decision-making, the distribution model of authority in entrepreneurial team risk decision-making is constructed, and the distribution mechanism of authority in entrepreneurial team risk decision-making is discussed. The behavior of risk aversion is analyzed in entrepreneurial team risk decision-making, the distribution model of risk in entrepreneurial team risk decision-making is constructed, and the distribution mechanism of risk in entrepreneurial team risk decision-making is discussed. The behavior of interest pursuit is analyzed in entrepreneurial team risk decision-making, the distribution model of interest in entrepreneurial team risk decision-making is constructed, and the distribution mechanism of interest in entrepreneurial team risk decision-making is discussed.
(3) From the perspectives of the tradeoff between multi-reference points, inputting objective and outputting objective, short-term objective, mid-term objective and long-term objective, the tradeoff mechanism of multi-objective in entrepreneurial team risk decision-making is studied. Firstly, the effect of multi-reference points, the tradeoff effect between inputting objective and outputting objective, the tradeoff effect between short-term objective, mid-term objective and long-term objective are discussed, then the set pair game model, the tradeoff game model between inputting objective and outputting objective and the tradeoff game model between short-term objective, mid-term objective and long-term objective are constructed in entrepreneurial team risk decision-making relevantly.
(4) The learning mechanism of entrepreneurial team risk decision-making is studied through the analysis of learning behavior, learning mechanism and construction of system dynamics model. The dissertation first analyses the learning behavior in entrepreneurial team risk decision-making, and then studies the learning mechanism of entrepreneurial team risk decision. Based on them, a system dynamics model of entrepreneurial team risk decision-making is constructed. Finally, taking tri-person entrepreneurial team as an example, the dissertation discusses the learning equation of risk decision-making in details.
引文
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