会议交替传译中的认知补充策略
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摘要
随着全球传播和国际交往的增多，会议口译引起翻译界越来越广泛的关注。塞莱斯科维奇在释意理论中曾指出语言知识是译员要具备的必要条件，同时翻译人员需充分运用认知补充能力将语言知识运用于实践会议口译过程中。
本文第一章，分别从国际和国内两个角度介绍了会议口译的研究背景，并总结出会议交替传译特点：即时性、独立性、多样性、压力性和不可预见性。第二章着重介绍认知补充理论。认知补充，作为重要的交流活动，源于翻译理论中的释意理论。该理论首先提出认知补充和其它语言因素同等重要的观点，并指出认知补充理论包括认知知识库、认知语境及情感因素。基于对认知补充理论的认识，以译员主体为基本出发点，本文从两个角度出发，研究分析了译员主体自身素质，及译员主体与客体会议环境的适应性关系，进而通过第三章对温家宝记者招待会的实例举证分析，提出认知补充在会议交替传译过程中合理应对策略，本章主要从两大方面入手，即：一、提升译员主体基本口译素养；二、增强译员主体对于会议环境客体的适应性。从主客观方面着手，并把对认知补充的研究立足于研究人在翻译活动中的主体地位，这是本章的关键所在。
在该论文中，作者以认知补充理论为支撑，通过实例分析，以译员主体自身所具备的基本素质能力与主体适应客体口译环境所要具备的能力为思路，提出口译过程中实现语言交际较为有效的口译策略。虽然认知领域一直是翻译领域的热点，但是在口译领域方面，对认知补充理论的研究相对还是有限的。通过本文，作者希望能够在认知补充理论指导会议交替传译实践方面有一定的积极意义，深化对认知补充理论理解，提高认知补充意识以不断提升会议交替口译工作水平。
With an increasing global communication, the significance of interpreting inconferences has become more distinguished, and for its unique work, quality andcharacteristics have attracted more and more attention.
In Chapter One, the author introduced the background of researches onconference interpretation, from international and domestic perspectives. And thefeatures of conference interpretation are time-limitation, independent working, diversethemes, pressure and unpredictability which emphasized the conference interpretationis a kind of special communicative activity and cognition plays a significant role ininterpreting. In Chapter two, the author indicates the research on cognitivecomplement theory. It originates from the interpretive theory of translation and firstlyadvocates the concept of cognitive complement to describe and analyze thisphenomenon and raise it to the same importance with linguistic factors. It shows thatthe cognitive complement theory has become an important interpretation principle. InChapter three, the great importance of cognitive complement strategies in conferenceconsecutive interpretation is emphasized and further discussion on strategies ofinterpretation which mainly includes enriching basic qualities of the interpreters andadaptability of the interpreter conference environment. It starts from researching onthe role of the subjectivity, the interpreter, furthermore, studies on the relationbetween the subjectivity and the objectivity, the conference environment. The natureof interpretation requires the interpreter’s cognitive complement ability in fulfilling aninterpreting task.
本文第一章，分别从国际和国内两个角度介绍了会议口译的研究背景，并总结出会议交替传译特点：即时性、独立性、多样性、压力性和不可预见性。第二章着重介绍认知补充理论。认知补充，作为重要的交流活动，源于翻译理论中的释意理论。该理论首先提出认知补充和其它语言因素同等重要的观点，并指出认知补充理论包括认知知识库、认知语境及情感因素。基于对认知补充理论的认识，以译员主体为基本出发点，本文从两个角度出发，研究分析了译员主体自身素质，及译员主体与客体会议环境的适应性关系，进而通过第三章对温家宝记者招待会的实例举证分析，提出认知补充在会议交替传译过程中合理应对策略，本章主要从两大方面入手，即：一、提升译员主体基本口译素养；二、增强译员主体对于会议环境客体的适应性。从主客观方面着手，并把对认知补充的研究立足于研究人在翻译活动中的主体地位，这是本章的关键所在。
在该论文中，作者以认知补充理论为支撑，通过实例分析，以译员主体自身所具备的基本素质能力与主体适应客体口译环境所要具备的能力为思路，提出口译过程中实现语言交际较为有效的口译策略。虽然认知领域一直是翻译领域的热点，但是在口译领域方面，对认知补充理论的研究相对还是有限的。通过本文，作者希望能够在认知补充理论指导会议交替传译实践方面有一定的积极意义，深化对认知补充理论理解，提高认知补充意识以不断提升会议交替口译工作水平。
With an increasing global communication, the significance of interpreting inconferences has become more distinguished, and for its unique work, quality andcharacteristics have attracted more and more attention.
In Chapter One, the author introduced the background of researches onconference interpretation, from international and domestic perspectives. And thefeatures of conference interpretation are time-limitation, independent working, diversethemes, pressure and unpredictability which emphasized the conference interpretationis a kind of special communicative activity and cognition plays a significant role ininterpreting. In Chapter two, the author indicates the research on cognitivecomplement theory. It originates from the interpretive theory of translation and firstlyadvocates the concept of cognitive complement to describe and analyze thisphenomenon and raise it to the same importance with linguistic factors. It shows thatthe cognitive complement theory has become an important interpretation principle. InChapter three, the great importance of cognitive complement strategies in conferenceconsecutive interpretation is emphasized and further discussion on strategies ofinterpretation which mainly includes enriching basic qualities of the interpreters andadaptability of the interpreter conference environment. It starts from researching onthe role of the subjectivity, the interpreter, furthermore, studies on the relationbetween the subjectivity and the objectivity, the conference environment. The natureof interpretation requires the interpreter’s cognitive complement ability in fulfilling aninterpreting task.
引文
[1] Jones, R. Conference Interpreting Explained[M].Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing.1997.
[2] Eugene, Nida. Toward a Science of Translation [M]. Laiden: E.J.Brill,1964.
[3] Baker, M. The Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies [M]. London and New York:Routledge,1998.
[4] Bell,R.T.Translation and Translating [M]. London: Longman.1991.
[5] Grice, H.P. Syntax and Semantics [M]. New York: Academic Press.1975.
[6] Gerver&Sinaiko, H. Language interpreting and Communication[M] New York:Plenum Press.1978.
[7] Grice, H.P. Logic and conversation. In P. Cole&J.L. Morgan (Eds.) Syntax and semantics3:Speech act. New York: Academic Press.1975
[8] Grice, H.P. Studies in the Ways of Words (The William James Lectures). Cambridge, Mass:Harvard University Press,1989.
[9] Roderick Jones. Conference Interpretation Explained [M]. Manchester&New York: St.Jerome Publishing,2008. David Katan. Translation Cultures-An Introduction for Translators,Interpreters and Mediators [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.2004.
[10]刘宓庆.口笔译理论研究[M].北京：中国对外翻译出版公司1999.
[11]刘宓庆.当代翻译理论[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司，1999.
[12]仲伟合.翻译研究：理论、技巧、教学[M]华南理工大学出版社，2000.
[12]范守义.口译、笔译教学理论研究一介绍丹尼尔嘉尔著《口译与笔译译员训的基本概念和模式》[J].中国翻译，1998，(2)，46-49.
[13]杨平.对当前中国翻译研究的思考[J].中国翻译，2004，(1)，3-5.
[14]郭鸿，彭晓东.外交英语[M].北京:对外经济贸易大学出版社，1999.
[15]2006,鲍刚.口译理论概述[M].北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，2005.
[16]胡壮麟.语言学教程[M].北京：北京大学出版社，2001.
[17]仲伟合.口译培训—概念、模式、方法[J].中国翻译，2001，(3):30-33.
[18]廖七一.语料库与翻译研究[J].外语教学与研究，2000（5）.
[19][法]勒代雷著.刘和平译.释意学派口笔译理论[M].北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，2001
[20]刘和平.口译技巧[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司，2001.
[21]刘和平.2001.释意学派理论对翻译学的主要贡献——献给塞莱丝科维奇教授[J],中国翻译（4）
[22]梅德明.高级口译教程[M]，上海：上海外语教育出版社，2006.
[2] Eugene, Nida. Toward a Science of Translation [M]. Laiden: E.J.Brill,1964.
[3] Baker, M. The Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies [M]. London and New York:Routledge,1998.
[4] Bell,R.T.Translation and Translating [M]. London: Longman.1991.
[5] Grice, H.P. Syntax and Semantics [M]. New York: Academic Press.1975.
[6] Gerver&Sinaiko, H. Language interpreting and Communication[M] New York:Plenum Press.1978.
[7] Grice, H.P. Logic and conversation. In P. Cole&J.L. Morgan (Eds.) Syntax and semantics3:Speech act. New York: Academic Press.1975
[8] Grice, H.P. Studies in the Ways of Words (The William James Lectures). Cambridge, Mass:Harvard University Press,1989.
[9] Roderick Jones. Conference Interpretation Explained [M]. Manchester&New York: St.Jerome Publishing,2008. David Katan. Translation Cultures-An Introduction for Translators,Interpreters and Mediators [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.2004.
[10]刘宓庆.口笔译理论研究[M].北京：中国对外翻译出版公司1999.
[11]刘宓庆.当代翻译理论[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司，1999.
[12]仲伟合.翻译研究：理论、技巧、教学[M]华南理工大学出版社，2000.
[12]范守义.口译、笔译教学理论研究一介绍丹尼尔嘉尔著《口译与笔译译员训的基本概念和模式》[J].中国翻译，1998，(2)，46-49.
[13]杨平.对当前中国翻译研究的思考[J].中国翻译，2004，(1)，3-5.
[14]郭鸿，彭晓东.外交英语[M].北京:对外经济贸易大学出版社，1999.
[15]2006,鲍刚.口译理论概述[M].北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，2005.
[16]胡壮麟.语言学教程[M].北京：北京大学出版社，2001.
[17]仲伟合.口译培训—概念、模式、方法[J].中国翻译，2001，(3):30-33.
[18]廖七一.语料库与翻译研究[J].外语教学与研究，2000（5）.
[19][法]勒代雷著.刘和平译.释意学派口笔译理论[M].北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，2001
[20]刘和平.口译技巧[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司，2001.
[21]刘和平.2001.释意学派理论对翻译学的主要贡献——献给塞莱丝科维奇教授[J],中国翻译（4）
[22]梅德明.高级口译教程[M]，上海：上海外语教育出版社，2006.