认知视阈下科技英语词汇汉译策略研究
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摘要
伴随着全球经济、政治和文化的不断发展，科学技术与人类认知能力的关系变得越来越密切，因此对于科技英语的翻译研究也越来越多地引起人们的格外重视。科技英语词汇作为科技英语的重要组成部分，其汉译研究备受关注。本论文从认知这一全新研究视角，以概念整合理论为核心理论，并借用章宜华的语言翻译概念整合认知模型，运用定性分析和定量分析相结合的研究方法，对科技英语词汇及其汉译策略进行研究探讨。
本论文以概念整合理论为理论依托，尝试提出在科技英语词汇汉译时，应当恰当并合理利用语言翻译概念整合认知模型。通过研究科技英语词汇的翻译，一方面加强了不同国家之间的国际科学技术交流与合作，有助于译员提高翻译的质量，达到有效的翻译目的；另一方面可以推动科技英语词汇教学的全新发展，这具有一定的现实意义。
本研究打破了传统翻译理论对于科技英语词汇的翻译策略的限制，尝试从认知视角将概念整合理论应用于分析科技英语词汇的汉译。首先，本文介绍了科技英语词汇的定义、特征和分类，并进一步探究其词义的来源、映射和构成分类。其次，本文对科技英语词汇的各种翻译策略比例进行定性研究和定量分析，并以相关数据结果为基础获得实证研究发现，这揭示并建立了科技英语词汇的汉译策略及方法的体系。第三，本文从科技英语词汇认知角度出发，全面系统地提出一系列有效的翻译策略，其中包括直译、意译、音译、形译、类此译法、词类转换译法、补译、省译、还原译法、逻辑词组译法以及名词化译法，并针对不同的翻译策略和相关语料数据的比例关系进行深入的探析。
With the accelerated development of economy, politics and culture all over theworld, the relationship between science and technology and people’s cognitive abilityhas become more and more close, and consequently the study on translation ofEnglish for Science and Technology (EST) has been attached more and moreimportance. EST vocabularies are the important component of EST, and thus thestudy on English-Chinese translation of EST vocabularies is under the spotlight.Starting from a cognitive perspective and taking Conceptual Integration Theory (CIT)as the core theory, through qualitative and quantitative research methods, this thesisdoes the research on EST vocabulary and its translation by means of Zhang Yihua’stheoretical network model of conceptual integration in language translation.
Regarding CIT as the core theory, this thesis tries to explicitly propose that,when translating EST vocabularies into Chinese, we should reasonably utilizetheoretical network model of conceptual integration in language translation.According to the analysis on English-Chinese translation of EST vocabularies, it onone hand enhances the international communication and cooperation of science andtechnology between different countries, contributing to the improvement oftranslating quality and the effective translation; on the other hand it promotes the newdevelopment of teaching EST vocabularies. Such study really has the certain practicalsignificance.
The study has broken the limitation of the translation strategies of ESTvocabularies under the guidance of the traditional translation theory, and has tried toapply CIT to analyze the English-Chinese translation of EST vocabularies from acognitive perspective. First of all, the study introduces the definition, features andclassifications of EST vocabularies, and further explores the meaning of ESTvocabulary in the light of origin, mapping, and classification. Secondly, the studycarries on the qualitative research and quantitative analysis on proportion of a varietyof translation strategies of EST vocabularies, and based on the result thecorresponding empirical findings are obtained, which reveals and builds the system ofEnglish-to-Chinese translation strategies and approaches of EST vocabularies. Thirdly,starting from the cognition of EST vocabularies, the study comprehensively and systematically puts forward a variety of valid translation strategies, including literaltranslation, liberal translation, transliteration, translation on image, analogy translation,conversion of part of speech, complementary translation, omission translation,reduction translation, logical phrase translation and nominalization, and makes thein-depth research on proportional relation of different translation strategies andcorpus-based data.
本论文以概念整合理论为理论依托，尝试提出在科技英语词汇汉译时，应当恰当并合理利用语言翻译概念整合认知模型。通过研究科技英语词汇的翻译，一方面加强了不同国家之间的国际科学技术交流与合作，有助于译员提高翻译的质量，达到有效的翻译目的；另一方面可以推动科技英语词汇教学的全新发展，这具有一定的现实意义。
本研究打破了传统翻译理论对于科技英语词汇的翻译策略的限制，尝试从认知视角将概念整合理论应用于分析科技英语词汇的汉译。首先，本文介绍了科技英语词汇的定义、特征和分类，并进一步探究其词义的来源、映射和构成分类。其次，本文对科技英语词汇的各种翻译策略比例进行定性研究和定量分析，并以相关数据结果为基础获得实证研究发现，这揭示并建立了科技英语词汇的汉译策略及方法的体系。第三，本文从科技英语词汇认知角度出发，全面系统地提出一系列有效的翻译策略，其中包括直译、意译、音译、形译、类此译法、词类转换译法、补译、省译、还原译法、逻辑词组译法以及名词化译法，并针对不同的翻译策略和相关语料数据的比例关系进行深入的探析。
With the accelerated development of economy, politics and culture all over theworld, the relationship between science and technology and people’s cognitive abilityhas become more and more close, and consequently the study on translation ofEnglish for Science and Technology (EST) has been attached more and moreimportance. EST vocabularies are the important component of EST, and thus thestudy on English-Chinese translation of EST vocabularies is under the spotlight.Starting from a cognitive perspective and taking Conceptual Integration Theory (CIT)as the core theory, through qualitative and quantitative research methods, this thesisdoes the research on EST vocabulary and its translation by means of Zhang Yihua’stheoretical network model of conceptual integration in language translation.
Regarding CIT as the core theory, this thesis tries to explicitly propose that,when translating EST vocabularies into Chinese, we should reasonably utilizetheoretical network model of conceptual integration in language translation.According to the analysis on English-Chinese translation of EST vocabularies, it onone hand enhances the international communication and cooperation of science andtechnology between different countries, contributing to the improvement oftranslating quality and the effective translation; on the other hand it promotes the newdevelopment of teaching EST vocabularies. Such study really has the certain practicalsignificance.
The study has broken the limitation of the translation strategies of ESTvocabularies under the guidance of the traditional translation theory, and has tried toapply CIT to analyze the English-Chinese translation of EST vocabularies from acognitive perspective. First of all, the study introduces the definition, features andclassifications of EST vocabularies, and further explores the meaning of ESTvocabulary in the light of origin, mapping, and classification. Secondly, the studycarries on the qualitative research and quantitative analysis on proportion of a varietyof translation strategies of EST vocabularies, and based on the result thecorresponding empirical findings are obtained, which reveals and builds the system ofEnglish-to-Chinese translation strategies and approaches of EST vocabularies. Thirdly,starting from the cognition of EST vocabularies, the study comprehensively and systematically puts forward a variety of valid translation strategies, including literaltranslation, liberal translation, transliteration, translation on image, analogy translation,conversion of part of speech, complementary translation, omission translation,reduction translation, logical phrase translation and nominalization, and makes thein-depth research on proportional relation of different translation strategies andcorpus-based data.
引文
1. Fauconnier, Gilles. Mappings in Thought and Language [M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1997.
2. Fauconnier, Gilles. Mental Spaces: Aspects of Meaning Construction in NaturalLanguage [M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1994.
3. Fauconnier, G. Embodied Integration [Z]. Paper Presented at the6th InternationalCognitive Linguistics Conference,1999.
4. Fauconnier, G., Eve Sweetser (eds.).Spaces, Worlds and Grammar [M]. Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1995.
5. Fauconnier, G., Turner, M. Compression and Global Insight [J]. CognitiveLinguistics,2000,(11).
6. Fauconnier, G., Turner, M. Conceptual Integration Networks [J]. CognitiveScience,1998,(22).
7. Fauconnier, G., Turner, M. The Way We Think: Conceptual Blending and theMind's Hidden Complexities [M].New York: Basic Books,2002.
8. Hutchinson, T., Waster, A. English for Specific Purpose [M]. CambridgeUniversity,1987.
9. Ina Martin. An Invitation to ESP [M].York University,1992.
10. Jordan, R. R. English for Academic Purposes [M]. Cambridge University Press,1997.
11. Lackoff, G. Cognitive Linguistics: What It Means and Where It Is Going [J].2005.
12. Langacker, R. Concept, Image, and Symbol [J]. Cognitive Linguistics,2002.
13. Langacker, R. Grammar and Conceptualization [M]. Vol.1: TheoreticalPrerequisites [M]. Stanford University Press,2000.
14. Louis Trimble. English for Science and Technology [M]. Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press,1985.
15. Machkay R., Mountford A. J.. English for Specific Purposes [M]. CambridgeUniversity Press,1978.
16. Nida, E. A. Translating Meaning [M].San Dimas, California: English LanguageInstitute,1982.
17. Pauline C Robinson. ESP (English for Specific Purposes)[M]. Pergamn Press,1980.
18. R. R. Jordan. English for Academic Purposes [M]. Cambridge University Press,1997.
19. Tom Hutchinson, Alan Waters. English for Specific Purpose [M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1987.
20. Turner, M. Reading Mind: The Study English in the Age of Cognitive Science[M]. Princeton: Princeton University Press,1991.
21. Turner, M., Fauconnier, G. Conceptual Integration and Formal Expression [J].Journal of Metaphor and Symbolic Activity,1995.
22. Turner, M. The Literal Mind [M]. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press,1996.
23.安蔚蔚.从认知角度看隐喻翻译[J].美与时代,2007.
24.陈海冰.英汉词汇隐喻对比浅析[J].重庆科学学院学报,2007.
25.陈建生.认知词汇学概论[M].复旦大学出版社,2008.
26.陈蒙.科技英语新词的构成特点及其认知语言学阐释[J].杭州电子科技大学学报（社会科学版),2005,(6).
27.陈文萃.科学语言中的隐喻认知功能[J].河北理工大学学报,2008,(8).
28.邓颖琪.概念合成理论与隐喻翻译[J].南昌高专学报,2008,(2).
29.郜丽娜,刘丰.批评隐喻分析——基于概念隐喻理论和概念整合理论的理论[J].河北科技师范学院学报（社会科学版）,2010,(6).
30.郭磊.英语隐喻的认知及翻译策略探析[J].天水师范学院学报,2007,(5).
31.韩琴.科技英语特点及其翻译[J].中国科技翻译,2007,(20).
32.何明珠,李海军.英译汉与形象思维[J].四川外语学院学报,2005,(7).
33.何善芬.英汉语言对比研究[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社,2002.
34.胡莹.科技英语的词汇特点及其专业术语的翻译[J].南昌大学学报（哲社版）,1998,(12).
35.黄华.试比较概念隐喻理论和概念整合理论[J].四川外语学院学报,2002.
36.黄忠廉,李亚舒.科学翻译学[M].北京：中国对外翻译出版公司,2007.
37.孔令翠,蒙兴灿.实用汉英翻译[M].成都:四川大学出版社,2002.
38.李昌标.英语新词的汉译与语用关联[J].中国科技翻译,2007,(11).
39.李长栓.非文学翻译理论与实践[M].北京：中国对外翻译出版公司,2004.
40.李福印.认知语言学概论[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2008.
41.李苗.隐喻认知中的概念融合与语义转移[J].外语与外语教学,2002,(9).
42.李向勤.试谈词汇的隐喻特征[J].外语与翻译,2001,(1).
43.李亚舒,黄忠廉.科学翻译学[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2004.
44.凌渭民.科技英语翻译教程[M].北京：高等教育出版社,1982.
45.刘爱勤.科技英语的词汇特征及其翻译策略[J].平顶山工学院学报,2008,(17).
46.孟铃凯.科技英语翻译方法与技巧[J].海外英语,2011.
47.清华大学《英汉技术词典》编写组.英汉技术词典[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1985.
48.苏立昌,李建波.从概念合成理论看隐喻翻译[J].天津外国语学院学报,2009.
49.苏小兰.概念整合理论的隐喻阐释特点[J].佳木斯大学社会科学学报,2010.
50.苏晓军,张爱玲.概念整合理论的认知力[J].外国语,2001,(3).
51.谭载喜.翻译学[M].湖北：湖北教育出版社,2005.
52.谭载喜.新编奈达论翻译[M].北京：中国对外翻译出版公司,1999.
53.王卫平,潘丽荣.英语科技文献的语言特点与翻译[M].上海：上海交通大学出版社,2009.
54.王寅.认知语言学[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社，2007.
55.王懿.概念整合理论在意义构建中的解释力[J].安徽大学学报（哲学社会科学版）,2006,(9).
56.王正元.概念整合理论及其应用研究[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2009.
57.闫文培.实用科技英语翻译要义[M].北京：科技出版社,2008.
58.杨跃,马刚.实用科技英语翻译研究[M].西安：西安交通大学出版社,2008.
59.张辉,杨波.心理空间与概念整合:理论发展及其应用[J].语言学文字学,2008,(5).
60.章宜华.语义·认知·释义[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社,2009.
61.周启强.词汇化模式的认知阐释[J].四川外语学院学报,2009.
62.邹春玲,梁英吉.概念隐喻理论和概念整合理论的相容性探究[J].东北农业大学学报（社会科学版）,2009.
2. Fauconnier, Gilles. Mental Spaces: Aspects of Meaning Construction in NaturalLanguage [M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1994.
3. Fauconnier, G. Embodied Integration [Z]. Paper Presented at the6th InternationalCognitive Linguistics Conference,1999.
4. Fauconnier, G., Eve Sweetser (eds.).Spaces, Worlds and Grammar [M]. Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1995.
5. Fauconnier, G., Turner, M. Compression and Global Insight [J]. CognitiveLinguistics,2000,(11).
6. Fauconnier, G., Turner, M. Conceptual Integration Networks [J]. CognitiveScience,1998,(22).
7. Fauconnier, G., Turner, M. The Way We Think: Conceptual Blending and theMind's Hidden Complexities [M].New York: Basic Books,2002.
8. Hutchinson, T., Waster, A. English for Specific Purpose [M]. CambridgeUniversity,1987.
9. Ina Martin. An Invitation to ESP [M].York University,1992.
10. Jordan, R. R. English for Academic Purposes [M]. Cambridge University Press,1997.
11. Lackoff, G. Cognitive Linguistics: What It Means and Where It Is Going [J].2005.
12. Langacker, R. Concept, Image, and Symbol [J]. Cognitive Linguistics,2002.
13. Langacker, R. Grammar and Conceptualization [M]. Vol.1: TheoreticalPrerequisites [M]. Stanford University Press,2000.
14. Louis Trimble. English for Science and Technology [M]. Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press,1985.
15. Machkay R., Mountford A. J.. English for Specific Purposes [M]. CambridgeUniversity Press,1978.
16. Nida, E. A. Translating Meaning [M].San Dimas, California: English LanguageInstitute,1982.
17. Pauline C Robinson. ESP (English for Specific Purposes)[M]. Pergamn Press,1980.
18. R. R. Jordan. English for Academic Purposes [M]. Cambridge University Press,1997.
19. Tom Hutchinson, Alan Waters. English for Specific Purpose [M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1987.
20. Turner, M. Reading Mind: The Study English in the Age of Cognitive Science[M]. Princeton: Princeton University Press,1991.
21. Turner, M., Fauconnier, G. Conceptual Integration and Formal Expression [J].Journal of Metaphor and Symbolic Activity,1995.
22. Turner, M. The Literal Mind [M]. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press,1996.
23.安蔚蔚.从认知角度看隐喻翻译[J].美与时代,2007.
24.陈海冰.英汉词汇隐喻对比浅析[J].重庆科学学院学报,2007.
25.陈建生.认知词汇学概论[M].复旦大学出版社,2008.
26.陈蒙.科技英语新词的构成特点及其认知语言学阐释[J].杭州电子科技大学学报（社会科学版),2005,(6).
27.陈文萃.科学语言中的隐喻认知功能[J].河北理工大学学报,2008,(8).
28.邓颖琪.概念合成理论与隐喻翻译[J].南昌高专学报,2008,(2).
29.郜丽娜,刘丰.批评隐喻分析——基于概念隐喻理论和概念整合理论的理论[J].河北科技师范学院学报（社会科学版）,2010,(6).
30.郭磊.英语隐喻的认知及翻译策略探析[J].天水师范学院学报,2007,(5).
31.韩琴.科技英语特点及其翻译[J].中国科技翻译,2007,(20).
32.何明珠,李海军.英译汉与形象思维[J].四川外语学院学报,2005,(7).
33.何善芬.英汉语言对比研究[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社,2002.
34.胡莹.科技英语的词汇特点及其专业术语的翻译[J].南昌大学学报（哲社版）,1998,(12).
35.黄华.试比较概念隐喻理论和概念整合理论[J].四川外语学院学报,2002.
36.黄忠廉,李亚舒.科学翻译学[M].北京：中国对外翻译出版公司,2007.
37.孔令翠,蒙兴灿.实用汉英翻译[M].成都:四川大学出版社,2002.
38.李昌标.英语新词的汉译与语用关联[J].中国科技翻译,2007,(11).
39.李长栓.非文学翻译理论与实践[M].北京：中国对外翻译出版公司,2004.
40.李福印.认知语言学概论[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2008.
41.李苗.隐喻认知中的概念融合与语义转移[J].外语与外语教学,2002,(9).
42.李向勤.试谈词汇的隐喻特征[J].外语与翻译,2001,(1).
43.李亚舒,黄忠廉.科学翻译学[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2004.
44.凌渭民.科技英语翻译教程[M].北京：高等教育出版社,1982.
45.刘爱勤.科技英语的词汇特征及其翻译策略[J].平顶山工学院学报,2008,(17).
46.孟铃凯.科技英语翻译方法与技巧[J].海外英语,2011.
47.清华大学《英汉技术词典》编写组.英汉技术词典[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1985.
48.苏立昌,李建波.从概念合成理论看隐喻翻译[J].天津外国语学院学报,2009.
49.苏小兰.概念整合理论的隐喻阐释特点[J].佳木斯大学社会科学学报,2010.
50.苏晓军,张爱玲.概念整合理论的认知力[J].外国语,2001,(3).
51.谭载喜.翻译学[M].湖北：湖北教育出版社,2005.
52.谭载喜.新编奈达论翻译[M].北京：中国对外翻译出版公司,1999.
53.王卫平,潘丽荣.英语科技文献的语言特点与翻译[M].上海：上海交通大学出版社,2009.
54.王寅.认知语言学[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社，2007.
55.王懿.概念整合理论在意义构建中的解释力[J].安徽大学学报（哲学社会科学版）,2006,(9).
56.王正元.概念整合理论及其应用研究[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2009.
57.闫文培.实用科技英语翻译要义[M].北京：科技出版社,2008.
58.杨跃,马刚.实用科技英语翻译研究[M].西安：西安交通大学出版社,2008.
59.张辉,杨波.心理空间与概念整合:理论发展及其应用[J].语言学文字学,2008,(5).
60.章宜华.语义·认知·释义[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社,2009.
61.周启强.词汇化模式的认知阐释[J].四川外语学院学报,2009.
62.邹春玲,梁英吉.概念隐喻理论和概念整合理论的相容性探究[J].东北农业大学学报（社会科学版）,2009.