移空技术的操作要点与理论解析
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摘要
移空技术是由北京中医药大学刘天君教授首次提出的一种本土化心理疗法,是东方古老的气功疗法与西方现代的心理治疗技术相结合的产物,该疗法首次发表在2008年第五届世界心理治疗大会上。移空技术是以气功修炼中的观想与入静技术为核心,由治疗师指导来访者充分运用意识的想象功能,先将所需要解决的心理问题或障碍的心身症状象征性物化,并放入想象中为其量身打造的承载物,而后想象在不同的心理距离上反复移动盛放了象征物的承载物,使象征物在移动的过程中逐渐变化或消失,从而缓解或消除心身症状的心理治疗技术。
移空技术包括门诊治疗和家庭作业。门诊治疗的主要目的为解决具体问题,操作流程包括9大步骤,分别为：Ⅰ简易气功放松训练：三调放松、Ⅱ确定需要处理的问题、Ⅲ存想问题的象征物、Ⅳ存想盛放问题的承载物、V画出问题的象征物及承载物、Ⅵ简易气功放松训练：三调放松、Ⅶ将象征物放入承载物、Ⅷ在不同的距离上移动承载物、Ⅸ打开承载物评估疗效。家庭作业的目标是让来访者放弃自我面具及人格成长,以彻底铲除产生心理问题的根源。具体操作为：移动空承载物,反复几次后放至无限远,停留在看不见承载物的意识空白状态,或者直接进入此状态。通常门诊治疗以治疗师引导、帮助来访者完成心理作业的方式进行；家庭作业主要以自主作业和复诊时告诫要点的方式进行。
移空技术的理论基础立足于气功及中医理论和现代心理学,其操作所应用的思维形式为具象思维。气功中的三调技术用于移空技术的三调放松训练中；而观想和入静技术的应用则贯穿移空技术的始终；中医的整体观念和扶正祛邪的治则,体现于移空技术的诊治思路中。而移空技术的组织结构、术语表达借鉴了现代的思维心理学和行为、催眠等疗法的心理治疗技术。虽然移空技术的理论框架已经完成,操作流程已经提出,临床应用已经起步,但是作为一个本土化心理治疗的新生事物,目前对其还缺乏系统的学术研究。
本论文的主要任务,即以移空技术的9大操作步骤为主线,运用深入访谈、案例分析、经验总结等方法,参照刘天君教授编写的移空技术操作手册,按其内容顺序逐一解析,阐释其操作机制、要点和细节,为移空技术的临床应用提供实用的理论与规范。由于移空技术的理论植根于东方传统哲学思想,又与现代西方心理学思想相互交融,需要一套能够沟通古今中外的解释语言体系,才能够解读其中各个组成部分和操作流程的含义。故糅合与沟通气功、中医、心理学各家的术语和理论,用较易于理解的日常语言表达其内涵,以便于移空技术的学习者理解,也是本论文的着力之处。
移空技术有如下一些特点：
移空技术重在解决来访者由于心身疾病、生活事件引起的症状和情绪问题,也可用于处理各种精神疾病、心理障碍乃至生理疾患所引起的症状和情绪问题。移空技术既可用于心理咨询,又可用于心理治疗；既可用于个人治疗,又可用于团体治疗。特别适用于不愿意或不方便暴露隐私的来访者或群体,可以有效地降低治疗过程中的阻抗,且并不影响疗效。
移空技术中问题的象征物是心身症状的物象化表达；盛放问题的承载物是对问题应变能力的投射；移动盛放着象征物的承载物表示对问题的操控和处理,移动即是干预。修补、移动承载物和空的运用是移空技术的创新之处。
移空技术的操作形成标准化流程,规范易学；同时又不失灵活机动,可以根据具体的情况进行微调。其操作的全过程始终由治疗师以指令或提问方式引导和把握,治疗师与来访者之间的治疗关系为“权威式”。移空技术操作过程中每个环节都包含着充分的治疗意义,每个细节都可以成为治疗师或自己灵活把握的切入点。移空技术也需要来访者转变思维形式,无论是形成物象的过程,还是移动的操控,只有应用具象思维并贯彻始终,才是真正的进入了移空技术所要求的操作。
移空技术的整体操作可体现为三个境界层次：①移动致空-即主动干预,偏于对症治疗；②移动至空-即主动进入空的境界,感受低层次的空静,并慢慢趋近于心身合一实现个人的整体统一；③空-自然直接进入空的境界,逐渐修炼至天人合一的大整体,从大我中获取小我的成长与完善,此时已超越了心理学的范畴。
移空技术的门诊治疗阶段是治疗师主导的过程,主要以指导语、解释、提问等方式把握进程,重点在实现移空技术的“移”。家庭作业则由来访者自主完成,治疗师起答疑解惑的作用,重点在体验移空技术的“空”。如果说移空技术的操作倾向于调整身心状态,即具体目标的实现；则家庭作业更偏重于自身的成长,是通往终级目标的过程。从中医角度来看,长期坚持空静的体验,也可相当于心理意义上的治未病。
移空技术是东西方心理学思想和治疗方法的融合,但根本的落点还是东方的自我修炼。此外,所谓既授之以鱼、亦授之以渔,移空技术不但是一个治疗技术,也是一个自助的技术。来访者学习熟练后,完全可以自行操作,从而做到自己面对问题、解决问题,并可最终达到自我成长的目标。
Moving to Emptiness Technique (MET) is an indigenous psychotherapy which was created by professor Liu tianjun in Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. It comes from the oriental ancient Qigong therapy and western modern psychotherapies. MET was initially reported at the5th international psychotherapy congress. Basing on visualization and meditation skills, MET is a psychotherapy to reduce or eliminate psychosomatic symptoms of mental disorders, by inducing client to move imaginative container within imaginative symbols of their symptoms in different mantel distances.
MET consists of outpatient treatment and homework. The purpose of outpatient treatment is to solve problems. The aim of homework is to give up ego mask and perfect personality. Nine steps operating procedure of MET are introduced as below. First step is simple Qigong relaxation training which named "three adjustments to relax". Second step is to confirm the problem that needs to be resolved. Third step is imaging symbol of the problem. Fourth step is imaging container to load the symbol. Fifth step is painting symbol and container. Sixth step is simple Qigong relaxation training which named "three adjustments to relax". Seventh step is loading the symbol into the container. Eighth step is moving the container loaded the symbol repeatedly in different distances. Nineth step is openning the container to evaluate the efficacy. Concrete operation of homework is staying in emptiness, by moving container to endless after several times repeatedly or coming in emptiness directly. Usually outpatient treatment proceeds on a model that therapist induce and help client to finishi mental task. While homework proceeds on a model that client do autonomous task and guided by therapist on further consultation.
The theory of MET is established in Qigong and Chinese medicine and morden psychology, using concrete thinking as its thinking mode. Three adjustments skills are used in "three adjustments to relax trainning"of MET, while visualization and meditation skills are used throughout MET. Concept of wholism and syndrome differentiation and treatment of Chinese medicine reflect on the thinking of diagnosis and treatment in MET. Modern thinking psychology and psychology therapy techniques such as behavioral therapy and hypnosis have some reference for the organization structure and term expression of MET. Although theoretical framework of MET has finished, operating procedure has been proposed,clinical application has started,but as a new technique of indigenous psychotherapy,there is still a lack of academic research about MET systematically.
The mission of this thesis is to expatiate operational mechanism and key points and detail of nine steps,using depth interview and case analysis and experience summary,referring to MET operations manual written by professor Liu tianjun. The study offers useful theory and criterion for clinical application of MET. As the theory of MET roots in orient traditional philosophy,and blends with Western modern psychology thoughts,a system of language is needed to communicate ancient and modern Chinese and foreign,so can be able to interprete meanings of operating procedure of MET. So this thesis also focuses on expression with accessible language instead of Qigong and Chinese medicine term or psychological term.
MET has some characteristics as follows.
MET is better at solving symptoms and mood problems, which caused by not only psychosomatic diseases and life events, but also mental illness or psychological disorder or even physical symptoms. MET may apply to psychological consultation or psychotherapy, both individual and group therapy. MET can lower impedence during treatment and not influence efficacy. So it is specially suits for the kind of clients having privacy.
The symbol of problem is reification of psychosomatic symptoms, and the container is projection on processing power against problem. Moving the container within symbol signify manipulation of problem, because moving means intervention. Repairing container and moving and practicing of emptiness are innovations of MET.
Standardized operation of MET has been formed for learning easily, but it is also flexible to make fine-tune according specific case. As the operation is induced by therapist with instructions or questions, therapeutic relationships between therapist and client is authoritative. Each part of the operation embodies sufficient significance in treatment, and every detail could be the entry point for therapist and client. The thinking mode should change into concrete thinking throughout MET, whether in the procedure of shaping imagination, or during the moving. Only if use concrete thinking, it is the real entrance into operation of MET.
There are three gradations of realm during whole operationg of MET. First realm is moving caused emptiness, aim for symptomatic treatment by active intervention. Second realm is moving into emptiness actively, aim for experiencing low-level emptiness and stillness, then approaching to harmony of body and mind slowly. Trird realm is enter pure emptiness naturely and directly, aim for practicing into unity of heaven and human,then perfecting individual form the whole.
Emphasis of outpatient treatment is to realize moving significance, which is leading by therapist, using instructions and explanations and questionins and so on. Emphasis of homework is to experience emptiness, which is completed by clients on their own, while receiveing guidance from therapist. The operation of MET lends to adjust body and mental status, and achieve specific goal. Homework focuses on growth of self, and it is a way to ultimate goal. According to traditional Chinese medicine, long time experiencing in emptiness and stillness imply prevention in psychological sense.
MET is a blended psychotherapie of easten and westen psychological thoughts and therapies, but the fundation is oriental self-cultivation. Besides, MET is not only a therapy technique, but also a self-help technique.That means both give a person fish and teach him fish. MET could be operated by oneself after client mastering it, thereby he can face and solve problems all by himself, and arrive at the goal of self-development finally.
移空技术包括门诊治疗和家庭作业。门诊治疗的主要目的为解决具体问题,操作流程包括9大步骤,分别为：Ⅰ简易气功放松训练：三调放松、Ⅱ确定需要处理的问题、Ⅲ存想问题的象征物、Ⅳ存想盛放问题的承载物、V画出问题的象征物及承载物、Ⅵ简易气功放松训练：三调放松、Ⅶ将象征物放入承载物、Ⅷ在不同的距离上移动承载物、Ⅸ打开承载物评估疗效。家庭作业的目标是让来访者放弃自我面具及人格成长,以彻底铲除产生心理问题的根源。具体操作为：移动空承载物,反复几次后放至无限远,停留在看不见承载物的意识空白状态,或者直接进入此状态。通常门诊治疗以治疗师引导、帮助来访者完成心理作业的方式进行；家庭作业主要以自主作业和复诊时告诫要点的方式进行。
移空技术的理论基础立足于气功及中医理论和现代心理学,其操作所应用的思维形式为具象思维。气功中的三调技术用于移空技术的三调放松训练中；而观想和入静技术的应用则贯穿移空技术的始终；中医的整体观念和扶正祛邪的治则,体现于移空技术的诊治思路中。而移空技术的组织结构、术语表达借鉴了现代的思维心理学和行为、催眠等疗法的心理治疗技术。虽然移空技术的理论框架已经完成,操作流程已经提出,临床应用已经起步,但是作为一个本土化心理治疗的新生事物,目前对其还缺乏系统的学术研究。
本论文的主要任务,即以移空技术的9大操作步骤为主线,运用深入访谈、案例分析、经验总结等方法,参照刘天君教授编写的移空技术操作手册,按其内容顺序逐一解析,阐释其操作机制、要点和细节,为移空技术的临床应用提供实用的理论与规范。由于移空技术的理论植根于东方传统哲学思想,又与现代西方心理学思想相互交融,需要一套能够沟通古今中外的解释语言体系,才能够解读其中各个组成部分和操作流程的含义。故糅合与沟通气功、中医、心理学各家的术语和理论,用较易于理解的日常语言表达其内涵,以便于移空技术的学习者理解,也是本论文的着力之处。
移空技术有如下一些特点：
移空技术重在解决来访者由于心身疾病、生活事件引起的症状和情绪问题,也可用于处理各种精神疾病、心理障碍乃至生理疾患所引起的症状和情绪问题。移空技术既可用于心理咨询,又可用于心理治疗；既可用于个人治疗,又可用于团体治疗。特别适用于不愿意或不方便暴露隐私的来访者或群体,可以有效地降低治疗过程中的阻抗,且并不影响疗效。
移空技术中问题的象征物是心身症状的物象化表达；盛放问题的承载物是对问题应变能力的投射；移动盛放着象征物的承载物表示对问题的操控和处理,移动即是干预。修补、移动承载物和空的运用是移空技术的创新之处。
移空技术的操作形成标准化流程,规范易学；同时又不失灵活机动,可以根据具体的情况进行微调。其操作的全过程始终由治疗师以指令或提问方式引导和把握,治疗师与来访者之间的治疗关系为“权威式”。移空技术操作过程中每个环节都包含着充分的治疗意义,每个细节都可以成为治疗师或自己灵活把握的切入点。移空技术也需要来访者转变思维形式,无论是形成物象的过程,还是移动的操控,只有应用具象思维并贯彻始终,才是真正的进入了移空技术所要求的操作。
移空技术的整体操作可体现为三个境界层次：①移动致空-即主动干预,偏于对症治疗；②移动至空-即主动进入空的境界,感受低层次的空静,并慢慢趋近于心身合一实现个人的整体统一；③空-自然直接进入空的境界,逐渐修炼至天人合一的大整体,从大我中获取小我的成长与完善,此时已超越了心理学的范畴。
移空技术的门诊治疗阶段是治疗师主导的过程,主要以指导语、解释、提问等方式把握进程,重点在实现移空技术的“移”。家庭作业则由来访者自主完成,治疗师起答疑解惑的作用,重点在体验移空技术的“空”。如果说移空技术的操作倾向于调整身心状态,即具体目标的实现；则家庭作业更偏重于自身的成长,是通往终级目标的过程。从中医角度来看,长期坚持空静的体验,也可相当于心理意义上的治未病。
移空技术是东西方心理学思想和治疗方法的融合,但根本的落点还是东方的自我修炼。此外,所谓既授之以鱼、亦授之以渔,移空技术不但是一个治疗技术,也是一个自助的技术。来访者学习熟练后,完全可以自行操作,从而做到自己面对问题、解决问题,并可最终达到自我成长的目标。
Moving to Emptiness Technique (MET) is an indigenous psychotherapy which was created by professor Liu tianjun in Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. It comes from the oriental ancient Qigong therapy and western modern psychotherapies. MET was initially reported at the5th international psychotherapy congress. Basing on visualization and meditation skills, MET is a psychotherapy to reduce or eliminate psychosomatic symptoms of mental disorders, by inducing client to move imaginative container within imaginative symbols of their symptoms in different mantel distances.
MET consists of outpatient treatment and homework. The purpose of outpatient treatment is to solve problems. The aim of homework is to give up ego mask and perfect personality. Nine steps operating procedure of MET are introduced as below. First step is simple Qigong relaxation training which named "three adjustments to relax". Second step is to confirm the problem that needs to be resolved. Third step is imaging symbol of the problem. Fourth step is imaging container to load the symbol. Fifth step is painting symbol and container. Sixth step is simple Qigong relaxation training which named "three adjustments to relax". Seventh step is loading the symbol into the container. Eighth step is moving the container loaded the symbol repeatedly in different distances. Nineth step is openning the container to evaluate the efficacy. Concrete operation of homework is staying in emptiness, by moving container to endless after several times repeatedly or coming in emptiness directly. Usually outpatient treatment proceeds on a model that therapist induce and help client to finishi mental task. While homework proceeds on a model that client do autonomous task and guided by therapist on further consultation.
The theory of MET is established in Qigong and Chinese medicine and morden psychology, using concrete thinking as its thinking mode. Three adjustments skills are used in "three adjustments to relax trainning"of MET, while visualization and meditation skills are used throughout MET. Concept of wholism and syndrome differentiation and treatment of Chinese medicine reflect on the thinking of diagnosis and treatment in MET. Modern thinking psychology and psychology therapy techniques such as behavioral therapy and hypnosis have some reference for the organization structure and term expression of MET. Although theoretical framework of MET has finished, operating procedure has been proposed,clinical application has started,but as a new technique of indigenous psychotherapy,there is still a lack of academic research about MET systematically.
The mission of this thesis is to expatiate operational mechanism and key points and detail of nine steps,using depth interview and case analysis and experience summary,referring to MET operations manual written by professor Liu tianjun. The study offers useful theory and criterion for clinical application of MET. As the theory of MET roots in orient traditional philosophy,and blends with Western modern psychology thoughts,a system of language is needed to communicate ancient and modern Chinese and foreign,so can be able to interprete meanings of operating procedure of MET. So this thesis also focuses on expression with accessible language instead of Qigong and Chinese medicine term or psychological term.
MET has some characteristics as follows.
MET is better at solving symptoms and mood problems, which caused by not only psychosomatic diseases and life events, but also mental illness or psychological disorder or even physical symptoms. MET may apply to psychological consultation or psychotherapy, both individual and group therapy. MET can lower impedence during treatment and not influence efficacy. So it is specially suits for the kind of clients having privacy.
The symbol of problem is reification of psychosomatic symptoms, and the container is projection on processing power against problem. Moving the container within symbol signify manipulation of problem, because moving means intervention. Repairing container and moving and practicing of emptiness are innovations of MET.
Standardized operation of MET has been formed for learning easily, but it is also flexible to make fine-tune according specific case. As the operation is induced by therapist with instructions or questions, therapeutic relationships between therapist and client is authoritative. Each part of the operation embodies sufficient significance in treatment, and every detail could be the entry point for therapist and client. The thinking mode should change into concrete thinking throughout MET, whether in the procedure of shaping imagination, or during the moving. Only if use concrete thinking, it is the real entrance into operation of MET.
There are three gradations of realm during whole operationg of MET. First realm is moving caused emptiness, aim for symptomatic treatment by active intervention. Second realm is moving into emptiness actively, aim for experiencing low-level emptiness and stillness, then approaching to harmony of body and mind slowly. Trird realm is enter pure emptiness naturely and directly, aim for practicing into unity of heaven and human,then perfecting individual form the whole.
Emphasis of outpatient treatment is to realize moving significance, which is leading by therapist, using instructions and explanations and questionins and so on. Emphasis of homework is to experience emptiness, which is completed by clients on their own, while receiveing guidance from therapist. The operation of MET lends to adjust body and mental status, and achieve specific goal. Homework focuses on growth of self, and it is a way to ultimate goal. According to traditional Chinese medicine, long time experiencing in emptiness and stillness imply prevention in psychological sense.
MET is a blended psychotherapie of easten and westen psychological thoughts and therapies, but the fundation is oriental self-cultivation. Besides, MET is not only a therapy technique, but also a self-help technique.That means both give a person fish and teach him fish. MET could be operated by oneself after client mastering it, thereby he can face and solve problems all by himself, and arrive at the goal of self-development finally.
引文
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